Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents

BACKGROUND: Although vitamin D deficiency has been documented as a frequent problem in studies of young adults, elderly persons, and children in other countries, there are limited data on the prevalence of this nutritional deficiency among healthy US teenagers. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in healthy adolescents presenting for primary care. DESIGN: A cross-sectional clinic-based sample. SETTING: An urban hospital in Boston. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred seven adolescents recruited at an annual physical examination to undergo a blood test and nutritional and activity assessments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and parathyroid hormone, anthropometric data, nutritional intake, and weekly physical activity and lifestyle variables that were potential risk factors for hypovitaminosis D. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (24.1%) were vitamin D deficient (serum 25OHD level, 相似文献   

Vitamin D deficiency among native Dutch and first- and second-generation non-Western immigrants

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in a hospital-based population of both native Dutch and non-Western immigrants and to investigate the influence of immigrant status on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 132 patients (1–18 years of age) visiting the paediatric outpatient department. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cut-off levels of 30 and 50 nmol/l for serum 25(OH)D were evaluated. One third of the patients had serum 25(OH)D levels below 30 nmol/l, and half of the study population had serum levels below 50 nmol/l. Non-Western immigrants had an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency compared to their native Dutch peers [25(OH)D of <30 nmol/l, p?=?0.03, odds ratio (OR) 3.87 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.13–13.29); 25(OH)D of <50 nmol/l, p?=?0.02, OR 3.57 (95 % CI 1.26–10.14)] with the highest risk for first-generation non-Western immigrants. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency in the paediatric population is still a matter of concern in the Netherlands, in particular among first-generation non-Western immigrants. We therefore strongly recommend vitamin D supplementation for all non-Western immigrants, regardless of age, skin type or season. Health-care staff who work with non-Western immigrants should be aware of the prevalence and implications of vitamin D deficiency.     

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bronchiolitis severity in Spanish infants

This cross-sectional study was performed to examine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in infants with acute bronchiolitis compared with control subjects and to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and the severity of bronchiolitis. Serum 25(OH) D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 48 infants with acute bronchiolitis (2.5?±?2.0 months) and in 30 healthy infants (3.2?±?2.3 months). 25(OH) D levels (ng/ml) in children with acute bronchiolitis were significantly lower than in the control group (median 29.9 ng/ml (interquartile range (IQR) 21.4–37.5) versus median 38.2 ng/ml ((IQR 26.1–48.1), p?=?0.022), mainly in infants with moderate–severe bronchiolitis (median 29.8 ng/ml, IQR 19.2–35.9). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was remarkably greater among infants with bronchiolitis than in control subjects (52.1 versus 26.6 %). A significant inverse correlation was found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and disease severity (rho?=??0.457, p?<?0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is high in Spanish infants with bronchiolitis. The severity of acute bronchiolitis increases with a decline in serum 25 (OH) D level.     

High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in young adolescents in Korea

Recent studies suggest that vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is not only a problem of older generations anymore but also an important health concern among younger generations. However, comprehensive data are lacking in Korean adolescents. We investigated the vitamin D (25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D]) status, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, and the association between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance and lipid profiles in a sample of 188 Korean adolescents aged 12-13?years who participated in a general health check-up at a tertiary hospital. Vitamin D deficiency was considered as serum concentrations <20?ng/mL (50?nmol/L); a level of 21-29?ng/mL (52-72?nmol/L) was considered to indicate vitamin D insufficiency, whereas a level of 30?ng/mL or greater (>75?nmol/L) was considered sufficient or optimum. In this cross-sectional study, vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was found in 98.9?% of boys and 100?% of girls, whereas only 1.1?% of boys and 0?% of girls had a serum 25(OH)D level of greater than 30?ng/mL. In multivariate linear regression analysis, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentrations. We found that vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is a very common health problem in Korean adolescents, particularly in girls, and that serum 25(OH)D levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance and lipid profiles. These results suggest that more time spent in outdoor activity for sunlight exposure and higher vitamin D intake may be needed in younger adolescents in South Korea.     

Vitamin D levels in schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Kuwait

Background

Ongoing studies in the Middle East, particularly in the Arabian Gulf countries, have reported extremely low levels of serum vitamin D across age and gender. In Kuwait, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in adolescent girls and in adult women. A number of risk factors have been reported, among which gender, age, and obesity are a few. Because adequate vitamin D status is necessary to promote bone mineral accrual in childhood, and because low vitamin D levels have been associated with a wide range of health problems, there is concern that growing children with low vitamin D may be at higher risk for developing diseases. The aim of this study was to assess vitamin D levels in elementary schoolchildren.

Methods

Kuwaiti schoolchildren were recruited and assessed for their serum vitamin D, 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and adjusted serum calcium (adj-Ca). Anthropometric measurements and data on lifestyle and health status were recorded during an interview.

Results

In a total of 199 schoolchildren, median (IQR) age was 8.5 (7.0–9.5 years), 25(OH)D was 30 (22–39 nmol/L), PTH was 4.7 (3.8–5.9 pmol/L), and adj-Ca was 2.39 (2.33–2.44 mmol/L). Boys had higher levels of 25(OH)D (18.3% vs 6.6% had levels ≥50 nmol/L) and lower levels of PTH (94.6% vs 80.2% had levels <7 pmol/L) than girls. Significant risk factors for 25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/L included being ≤8.5 years old (OR 4.95, 95% CI: 1.92–12.74), having PTH ≥7 pmol/L (OR 2.28, 95% CI: 1.17–4.46), being female (OR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.22–4.88), and being overweight or obese (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.11–4.26).

Conclusions

The results show relatively low levels of 25(OH)D in young schoolchildren in Kuwait, with lower levels in girls. Given the association of 25(OH)D with a wide range of ailments, it is necessary to further examine the causes and risk factors of low vitamin D in this age group to prevent associated health problems.

     

Vitamin D at the onset of type 1 diabetes in Italian children

Low vitamin D levels have been reported in multiple immune disorders such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The purpose of our study was to determine vitamin D levels in children at the onset of T1DM compared with children with other diseases and to test the hypothesis that low vitamin D may increase the odds for developing diabetes. All the children (n?=?58) that were consecutively admitted to our clinic at T1DM onset between May 2010 and July 2012 were compared with a control group of children (n?=?166) hospitalized for other diseases, matched for sex, season of visit, and age. For each subject, we considered clinical and anthropometric data, the season at time of hospitalization, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which were analyzed and compared using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Median 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the diabetic patients (36.2 nmol/l, range?=?7.5–121.0 nmol/l) than in controls (48.7 nmol/l, range?=?7.5–190.2 nmol/l), p?=?0.010. Low 25(OH)D levels seem to increase the odds for developing T1DM (odds ratio (OR)?=?3.45 for 25(OH)D 51–74 nmol/l, OR?=?5.56 for 25(OH)D?≤?50 nmol/l). There was no seasonal effect on the risk of developing T1DM. Median 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in patients admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (30.2 nmol/l, range?=?7.5–101.8 nmol/l) than in patients without ketoacidosis (40.7 nmol/l, range?=?15.2–121.1 nmol/l), p?=?0.019; but when adjusted for season, the p value was 0.116. Conclusions: Children at onset of T1DM have lower vitamin D serum levels than those with other diseases. Further longitudinal studies on children before the onset of T1DM will allow clinicians to explore the causal relationship between vitamin D and T1DM.     

Vitamin D,Low-Grade Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Children: A Pilot Study

Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties, and deficiency is prevalent in children. There is a paucity of data regarding vitamin D status and its correlation with low-grade inflammation and vasculature. We prospectively enrolled 25 children, 9–11 years old (13 male); 21 obese. Eight atherosclerosis-promoting risk factors were scored as categorical variables with the following thresholds defining abnormality: body mass index Z score ≥1.5; systolic blood pressure ≥95th percentile (for age, sex, and height); triglyceride ≥100 mg/dL; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥110 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤45 mg/dL; hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C) ≥5.5; 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] ≤30 ng/mL, and tobacco smoke exposure. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured to assess low-grade inflammation and classified as low- (<1 mg/L), average- (1–3 mg/L), and high-risk (>3 to <10 mg/L) groups. The proportion of children within each hsCRP group who had above threshold risk factors was calculated. Carotid artery ultrasound was performed to measure carotid artery intima-media  thickness (CIMT). Median (range) for 25(OH) D was 24 (17–45) ng/mL. Eighteen were either 25 (OH) D deficient (<20 ng/mL) or insufficient (20–30 ng/mL), and seven were sufficient (>30 ng/mL). hsCRP was 1.7 (0.2–9.1) mg/L, with 11 being <1.0 mg/L, 8 between 1.0–3.0 and 6 > 3.0 to < 10.0 mg/L. Risk factor score was 3.9 ± 1.7 out of eight. 25(OH) D levels did not correlate with hsCRP or CIMT. While vitamin D deficiency, inflammation, and risk factors coexist at a very young age, causative mechanisms remain unclear.     

Vitamin D fortification of growing up milk prevents decrease of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations during winter: a clinical intervention study in Germany

Vitamin D plays an important role in human health. Current recommendations for vitamin D intake and endogenous supply through sun exposure are not met in German pre-school children, and suboptimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, especially during the winter months, are common. Consequently, vitamin D supplementation or fortification have gained increased acceptance. The KiMi trial (Kindermilch?=?growing up milk) was a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study in which young children (2–6 years of age, n?=?92) were assigned to receive either vitamin D-fortified growing up milk (2.85 μg/100 ml) or semi skimmed cow's milk without added vitamin D. Daily consumption of fortified growing up milk contributed to the prevention of an otherwise frequently observed decrease in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration during winter (before winter: median 21.5 ng/mL (10.1–43.0 ng/mL) intervention vs. median 18.4 ng/mL (11.0–44.9 ng/mL) control; after winter: median 24.8 ng/mL (7.0–48.2 ng/mL) intervention vs. median 13.6 ng/mL (7.0–36.8 ng/mL) control) and proved to be safe during summer (median 27.6 ng/mL (18.8–40.5 ng/mL) intervention vs. median 27.4 ng/mL (17.8–38.7 ng/mL) control). Due to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, fortification of growing up milk with vitamin D at a level used in this study could be an effective measure to improve vitamin D status.     

The Association Between Vitamin D Status and Recurrent Wheezing

Objective

To investigate association between vitamin D status and recurrent wheezing in infants.

Methods

Thirty infants with recurrent wheezing and 45 healthy, similar aged infants without any history of acute or chronic illness were included in the study. The clinical features of infants were recorded and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 13 package program.

Results

The mean value of 25 (OH) D vitamin levels were 22.1?±?8.9 IU/L and 18.8?±?11 IU/L for the control and recurrent attack group respectively. Seventy-three percent of subjects with recurrent wheezing had vitamin D levels in the deficient range (<20 ng/ml) and 48.9 % had vitamin D levels under?<?20 ng/ml in the control group. The percentage of insufficient vitamin D levels (<30 ng/ml) were 90 and 77.8 for the patient and control group respectively. Eight patients had extremely deficient vitamin D (<10 ng/ml) levels. There was no statistical significance between the groups in terms of the distribution of 25 (OH)D level.

Conclusions

The present study did not demonstrate significant association between vitamin D status and recurrent wheezing in the infants.     

Hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breast-feeding infants and their mothers in summer: a justification for vitamin D supplementation of breast-feeding infants

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in exclusively breast-feeding infants and their mothers in a community where maternal sunshine exposure is low. STUDY DESIGN: Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD), and intact parathyroid hormone were measured in 90 unsupplemented healthy term breast-feeding Arab/South Asian infants and their mothers in summer. Maternal dietary vitamin D intake was also estimated. RESULTS: The median age of infants was 6 weeks. The median serum 25-OHD concentrations in mothers (8.6 ng/mL) and infants (4.6 ng/mL) were low, and 61% of the mothers and 82% of the 78 infants tested had hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-OHD <10 ng/mL). The infants with hypovitaminosis D had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and a tendency to higher serum intact parathyroid hormone levels. The average daily maternal vitamin D intake from commercial milk was 88 IU. CONCLUSIONS: Hypovitaminosis D is common in summer in exclusively breast-feeding infants and their mothers. The results provide justification for vitamin D supplementation of breast-feeding infants and mothers in the United Arab Emirates. Low vitamin D intake probably contributed to low maternal vitamin D status.     

Vitamin D levels in children of asylum seekers in The Netherlands in relation to season and dietary intake

Low dietary intake and limited sun exposure during Dutch winters, in particular when combined with highly pigmented skin, could compromise the vitamin D status of asylum seekers’ children in The Netherlands. We determined the vitamin D status of children living in The Netherlands, but originating from Africa, Central Asia, or Eastern Europe. In a subgroup, we reassessed the vitamin D status after the summer, during which the children had been assigned at random to remain unsupplemented or to receive vitamin D supplementation. In total 112 children (median age 7.1 yr, range 2–12 yr) were assessed for serum concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], intact parathyroid hormone (I-PTH) and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hypovitaminosis D were defined as 25(OH)D below 30 or 50 nmol/L, respectively. Dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium was estimated using a 24 h recall interview. In mid-spring, 13% of the children had VDD, and 42% had hypovitaminosis D. I-PTH and ALP levels were significantly higher in children with VDD. The dietary intake of vitamin D was below 80% of the recommended daily allowances (RDA) in 94% of the children, but the dietary calcium intake was not significantly related to the s-25(OH)D levels found. After the summer, median s-25(OH)D increased with +35 nmol/L (+85%) and +19 nmol/L (+42%) in children with or without supplementation, respectively. The effect of supplementation was most prominent among African children. VDD and hypovitaminosis D are highly prevalent in mid-spring among asylum seekers’ children in The Netherlands. Although 25(OH)D levels increase in African children during Dutch summer months, this does not completely correct the compromised vitamin D status. Our data indicate that children from African origin would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.     

Vitamin D status in Norwegian children and adolescents with excess body weight

Lagunova Z, Porojnicu AC, Lindberg FA, Aksnes L, Moan J. Vitamin D status in Norwegian children and adolescents with excess body weight. Objectives: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased during the past decades. A high body mass index (BMI) is associated with a low vitamin D status. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Norwegian children and adolescents with excess body weight. Methods: Vitamin D status and seasonal variations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)₂D were analyzed in 102 children and adolescents (70 girls and 32 boys), 8–19 yr of age, with overweight and obesity. Results: Overall, 50% of the children and adolescents included in the study had a low vitamin D status (25(OH)D <75 nmol/L) and 19% had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/L). This was most prevalent in adolescents. Only 42% of teenagers had 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L vs. 72% of preteens. Both 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)₂D showed seasonal variations. A peak in serum 25(OH)D concentrations was observed during the summer while the lowest values were seen during the spring. In contrast, serum 1,25(OH)₂D had a peak during the spring and the lowest concentrations during the winter. Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is higher in obese and overweight adolescents than in overweight children. This might be related to low outdoor activities and low vitamin D intake in teenagers. Seasonal variations of both the vitamin D metabolites were observed.     

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in infantile rickets.

In small children with nutritional vitamin D deficiency, the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, was correlated with the stage of clinical disease. It was low (16 to 20 ng/ml) but within the normal range in the earliest (hypocalcemic) stage of the deficiency syndrome and decreased (less than 15 ng/ml) in the more advanced stages. In patients with familial hypophosphatemia (X-linked dominant), mean serum 25-OH-D concentration was the same as in age-matched normal controls. Evidence is presented that endogenous parathyroid hormone may have a role in the depletion of serum 25-OH0D in deficiency states.     

Vitamin D status,enterovirus infection,and type 1 diabetes in Italian children/adolescents

At the time of the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), we investigated 82 pediatric cases in parallel with 117 non‐diabetic controls matched by age, geographic area, and time of collection. The occurrence of an enteroviral infection was evaluated in peripheral blood using a sensitive method capable of detecting virtually all human enterovirus (EV) types. While non‐diabetic controls were consistently EV‐negative, 65% of T1D cases carried EVs in blood. The vitamin D status was assessed by measuring the concentration of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in serum. Levels of 25(OH)D were interpreted as deficiency (≤50 nmol/L), insufficiency (52.5‐72.5 nmol/L), and sufficiency (75‐250 nmol/L). In T1D cases, the median serum concentration of 25(OH)D was 54.4 ± 27.3 nmol/L vs 74.1 ± 28.5 nmol/L in controls (P = .0001). Diabetic children/adolescents showed deficient levels of vitamin D 25(OH)D (ie, 72.5 nmol/L) in 48.8% cases vs 17.9% in non‐diabetic controls (P = .0001). Unexpectedly, the median vitamin D concentration was significantly reduced in virus‐positive vs virus‐negative diabetics (48.2 ± 22.5 vs 61.8 ± 31.2 nmol/L; P = .015), with deficient levels in 58.5% vs 31.0%, respectively. Thus, at the time of clinical onset, EV‐positive cases had reduced vitamin D levels compared with EV‐negative cases. This could indicate either that the virus‐negative children/adolescents had been hit by a non‐infectious T1D‐triggering event, or that children/adolescents with proper levels of vitamin D had been able to rapidly clear the virus. Thus, it would be important to assess whether adequate vitamin D supplementation before or during the prediabetic phase of T1D may counteract the diabetogenic potential of infectious pathogens.     

Higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in mothers of rachitic than nonrachitic children

Vitamin D deficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <25 nmol/L (<10 ng/mL)] was identified in 92% of rachitic Arab children and 97% of their mothers compared with 22% of nonrachitic children and 52% of their mothers. There was a positive correlation between maternal and child vitamin D levels. We conclude that mothers of rachitic children should be investigated and treated for vitamin D deficiency.     

Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in adolescents and pre-adolescents. An interventional multicenter study on the biological effect of repeated doses of 100,000 IU of vitamin D3]

Recent studies have shown a high prevalence of calcium and vitamin D deficiencies in adolescents. The aim of this present study was to follow the changes in calcium status and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels during winter in preadolescents and adolescents from four university hospitals in northern France. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two groups of teenagers and adolescents (range: 10-15 years) were followed from October 1996 to June 1997. They were given either 100,000 IU of vitamin D (treated group n = 33) or a placebo (control group n = 35) in October, January and April. Serum calcium, phosphate, 25(OH)D and iPTH levels were measured at inclusion and every three months thereafter. RESULTS: At inclusion, plasma or serum 25(OH)D levels were < or = 10 ng/mL in 16 subjects and < 6 ng/mL in six. In control children, no significant change in 25(OH)D occurred during the study, while plasma or serum iPTH levels increased to 34 +/- 11 pg/mL. In the treated groups, 25(OH)D levels remained > 20 ng/mL in every subject; no hypercalcemia was observed; and the mean plasma or serum iPTH level was 25 +/- 14 pg/mL at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: Teenagers presented with a high prevalence of biological vitamin D deficiency at the end of summer. The increase of iPTH during winter in the unsupplemented group suggests that this has secondary consequences on their calcium homeostasis unless they are supplemented with vitamin D. We advocate a sufficient calcium supply and a 100,000 IU vitamin D supplement given two or three times during winter to preadolescents and adolescents living in northern France.     

Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D Insufficiency Associated with Bronchial Asthma in Lucknow,India

Objectives

To assess the association between serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels and asthma and its control in Indian children.

Methods

This was a prospective case–control study conducted in tertiary care hospital. Cases of asthma and healthy age-matched controls were included, aged 1–15 y, who had not received any vitamin D supplementation in the last year and had no other co-morbidity, after obtaining written informed parental consent. 25 hydroxy vitamin D insufficiency was taken below level of ≤ 30 ng/mL.

Results

Fifty asthmatics and 25 age-matched controls were recruited from August 2011–July 2012. 25 hydroxy vitamin D insufficiency was associated with occurrence of asthma (OR?=?13.5; 95 % CI?=?4.25–42.85: p?=?0.000). With decreasing level of asthma control there was increasing strength of association with 25 hydroxy vitamin D insufficiency [χ ² for trend?=?24.96 (p?=?0.000)].

Conclusions

25 hydroxy vitamin D insufficiency is associated with bronchial asthma as well as its level of control.     

d-Alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate enhances the absorption of vitamin D in chronic cholestatic liver disease of infancy and childhood.

Rickets and osteopenia, common problems in chronic childhood cholestasis, have been attributed to vitamin D malabsorption leading to reduced serum levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D. d-alpha-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate (TPGS), a water-soluble form of vitamin E, forms micelles at low concentration. We evaluated the potential role of TPGS in enhancing vitamin D absorption in eight children (aged 5 mo to 19 y) with severe chronic cholestasis (three extrahepatic biliary atresia, three nonsyndromic intrahepatic cholestasis, and two Alagille syndrome). To evaluate vitamin D absorption, the subjects received vitamin D3 1000 IU/kg (maximum dose of 50,000 IU); they then received the same dose of vitamin D3 mixed with TPGS (25 IU/kg). Serial serum vitamin D3 levels and areas under the curve were measured. All patients had enhanced absorption of vitamin D when it was administered in a mixture with TPGS. Mean area under the curve for serum vitamin D3 was 403.0 +/- 83.1 nmol x h/L (155.6 +/- 32.1 ng x h/mL), with a mean rise above baseline of 13.5 +/- 1.8 nmol/L (5.2 +/- 0.7 ng/mL) with vitamin D/TPGS compared with no rise when vitamin D was given alone (both p less than 0.001). Seven patients have been followed for at least 3 mo while receiving the vitamin D/TPGS combination. Those with initially low serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels (less than 37.5 nmol/L or 15 ng/mL) had normalization (range 37.5-146 nmol/L) within 1 mo, whereas those with initially normal levels remained normal. While the patients were receiving vitamin D/TPGS, serum vitamin E to total lipid ratio either normalized or remained normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with various liver diseases and the response of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to vitamin D treatment.

The mean plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) were measured before and after the administration of 2000 units of daily oral vitamin D2 for a period of 2 weeks in 9 normal infants and children, 7 infants with neonatal hepatitis and persistent neonatal hepatitis, and 4 infants with congenital biliary atresia. The mean plasma level of 25-OH-D increased significantly from 19.5 +/- 3.7 (S.E.) ng/ml to 34.0 +/- 6.8 (S.E.) ng/ml after administration of vitamin D2 in controls (p less than 0.05). The mean plasma level of 25-OH-D also increased from 8.0 +/- 2.1 (S.E.) ng/ml to 22.1 +/- 2.6 (S.E.) ng/ml after vitamin D treatment in hepatitis group (p less than 0.05). In patients with congenital biliary atresia, vitamin D treatment did not affect eh plasma levels of 25-OH-D.     

THE PLASMA LEVELS OF 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS LIVER DISEASES AND THE RESPONSE OF 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D TO VITAMIN D TREATMENT

ABSTRACT. The mean plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) were measured before and after the administration of 2000 units of daily oral vitamin D₂ for a period of 2 weeks in 9 normal infants and children, 7 infants with neonatal hepatitis and persistent neonatal hepatitis, and 4 infants with congenital biliary atresia. The mean plasma level of 25-OH-D increased significantly from 19.5±3.7 (S.E.) ng/ml to 34.0±6.8 (S.E.) ng/ml after administration of vitamin D₂ in controls ( p <0.05). The mean plasma level of 25-OH-D also increased from 8.0±2.1 (S.E.) ng/ml to 22.1±2.6 (S.E.) ng/ml after vitamin D treatment in hepatitis group ( p <0.05). In patients with congenital biliary atresia, vitamin D treatment did not affect the plasma levels of 25-OH-D.