四物汤联合增液汤加味治疗习惯性便秘的疗效

目的探讨四物汤联合增液汤加味治疗习惯性便秘的疗效。方法选择2017年1月-2019年6月天津市静海区中医医院收治的30例习惯性便秘患者。随机分为常规西药治疗组和中医联合治疗组各15例,常规西药治疗组实施常规西药治疗,中医联合治疗组则实施四物汤联合增液汤加味治疗。比较两组习惯性便秘疗效;腹痛症状消失时间、恢复正常排便次数所需要的时间、恢复正常的大便性状所需要的时间、住院时间;治疗前后患者肛管排便压力水平、肛管静息压力水平、生存质量水平;不良反应。结果中医联合治疗组习惯性便秘疗效、腹痛症状消失时间、恢复正常排便次数所需要的时间、恢复正常的大便性状所需要的时间、住院时间、肛管排便压力水平、肛管静息压力水平、生存质量水平优于常规西药治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论四物汤联合增液汤加味治疗习惯性便秘效果确切,可获得理想效果,可有效改善肛管压力和排便情况安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

小麦纤维素治疗功能性便秘的临床观察

目的研究小麦纤维素(非比麸)用于治疗功能性便秘的疗效和安全性。方法采用前瞻性自身对照研究的方法,对30例功能性便秘的患者给予小麦纤维素治疗2周,观察服药前后便秘症状及大便性状情况,并予评分量化比较。结果小麦纤维素治疗后排便次数明显增加,大便性状得到改善,治疗总有效率83.58%,用药前后对比总有效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。服药期间未发现腹胀、腹痛、腹泻等明显不良反应。结论小麦纤维素治疗功能性便秘疗效确切,安全。     

小麦纤维素治疗功能性便秘的临床观察

目的研究小麦纤维素颗粒（非比麸）用于治疗功能性便秘的疗效和安全性方法采用前瞻性自身对照研究的方法,对30例功能性便秘的患者给予小麦纤维素治疗2周．观察服药前后便秘症状及大便性状情况,并予评分量化比较结果,小麦纤维素治疗后排便次数明显增加,大便性状得到改善,治疗总有效率83．58％．用药前后对比总有效率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）服药期间未发现腹张、腹痛、腹泻等明显不良反应。结论小麦纤维素治疗功能性便秘疗效确切,安全。     

四磨汤治疗肿瘤患者口服盐酸吗啡缓释片所致便秘的临床研究

[目的]观察四磨汤治疗肿瘤患者口服盐酸吗啡缓释片所致便秘的疗效。[方法]将100例口服盐酸吗啡缓释片所致便秘的肿瘤患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各100例,治疗组采用四磨汤,对照组采用酚酞片,观察两组总体疗效和便秘症状评分。[结果]两组治疗后便秘排便频率、排便时间、排便困难程度及大便性状评分均改善(P﹤0.01,P﹤0.05);治疗组、对照组治疗后便秘总评分分别为(5.51±2.37)分、(5.55±1.46)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),总体有效率治疗组92.0%,对照组98.0%。[结论]四磨汤治疗肿瘤患者口服盐酸吗啡缓释片所致便秘疗效显著。     

习惯性便秘与生活调理

习惯性便秘是指经常性的大便秘结,排便的时间间隔过长,粪便干燥难解。若排便时间间隔经常超过48小时以上,且多伴排便困难者,除器质性病变和一些健康者的特殊排便习惯外均可视为习惯性便秘。中老年人比较容易出现习惯性便秘,而且往往随着年龄的增长日渐加重。据资料显示:65岁以上的老人中,30％的人有习惯性便秘,25％的人服用缓泻剂。引起老年人习惯性便秘的原因很多,概括起来有以下几方面:     

通便饮治疗习惯性便秘临床观察

目的观察中药通便饮治疗习惯性便秘的临床疗效。方法123例习惯性便秘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组62例：在一般治疗基础上口服中药通便饮。对照组61例：在一般治疗的基础上口服西沙必利加果导片。结果治疗组治愈率74．19％，总有效率100％，复发率9．68％，对照组治愈率37．7％，总有效率72．13％，复发率29．55％，两组比较差异有非常显著意义（P〈0，01）。结论中药通便饮治疗习惯性便秘具有疗程短、效果佳、复发少、副作用小、易推广的优点。     

便秘,家里可备这些药

“便秘也是病，治疗不及时，没准会闹别的病。”以下介绍几种治疗便秘的药物。蓖麻油口服后刺激小肠，使肠蠕动加快而排便。可用于治疗便秘及急性胃肠炎，食物中毒时可用其排出体内毒物。成人每次１０～２５毫升，在需要时服用。因为它的刺激性较强，孕妇、婴儿及腹部有炎症者忌用，也不宜反复使用。酚酞（果导片）常用于治疗顽固性便秘，成人每次０．０５～０．２克，睡前服用１次。它有胃痛、药疹、过敏性结肠炎等副作用，服药后尿液会变红。胃肠舒主要用于治疗肝胆功能不全及手术后历麻痹、肠粘连、食欲不振、习惯性或老年性便秘。成人口…     

乳果糖治疗老年人功能性便秘100例临床观察

目的 评价乳果糖治疗老年人功能性便秘的临床疗效.方法 将100例门诊老年人功能性便秘患者分成治疗组和对照组,分别接受乳果糖和麻仁丸治疗,疗程为2周.观察排便次数、大便性状的改善.结果 治疗组临床症状改善率明显高于对照组(p<0.05);两组大便性状改善明显,无严重不良反应发生.结论 乳果糖是一种治疗老年人功能性便秘的有效、安全的药物.     

夏季多喝水可预防便秘

习惯性便秘是指大便次数比平时减少，粪质坚硬，并有不适的感觉，肠道、肛门没有器质性病变。在大热天，发生习惯性便秘是很难受的，尤其对于老年人。因此，老年人应针对便秘的原因，采取不同的治疗方法。除多吃些蔬菜、水果外，还要适量吃些粗粮和海产品。     

急性心肌梗死患者便秘的早期预防

<正>急性心肌梗死患者,除了药物治疗、吸氧、病情观察以及卧床休息、心理护理、饮食护理等对疾病的恢复有影响外,大便是否通畅也直接影响着病情发展,甚至危及着生命,特别是对那些有习惯性便秘的患者危害更大。因此,早期预防便秘对急性心肌梗死患者预后及防止并发症的发生有着十分的重要意义。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.