淮安市居民食管癌发病因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨淮安市食管癌的发病原因,寻找发病的保护和危险因素,为开展食管癌防治工作提供决策依据.方法 采用1∶1配比的方式进行病例对照研究.选取食管癌患者200例和健康对照者200例进行问卷调查.结果 单因素条件logistic分析显示,长期吸烟、饮酒,经常食用腌晒食品、烫热食品,有消化道恶性肿瘤家族史等与食管癌发病有关联,可增加发病的危险性;经常饮茶、食用新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、肉蛋奶类等则为保护因素.多因素条件logistic分析显示,独立的危险因素是经常食用腌晒食品、吸烟和消化道恶性肿瘤家族史;饮茶是保护因素.结论 淮安市居民食管癌高发是多种因素反复作用的结果,宜采取综合防治措施,降低食管癌发病率.     

淮安市居民早期食管癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨淮安市居民食管癌发病危险因素,为食管癌早诊早治和综合防治提供科学依据。方法在淮安市洪泽、金湖两县区采用1∶1病例对照研究方法,对食管癌病例和正常对照进行调查,采用条件logistic回归对结果进行分析。结果单因素分析显示,经常食用腌晒食品,有癌症家族史,患胃十二指肠溃疡、食管炎或胃肠炎5个因素与食管癌的发病相关(P值均0.05)。多因素logistic回归显示,经常食用腌晒食品(OR=1.625,95%CI:1.037~2.546)、有癌症家族史(OR=4.459,95%CI:2.672~7.442)、患胃十二指肠溃疡(OR=3.080,95%CI:1.454~6.524)或食管炎(OR=1.842,95%CI:1.035~3.277)是食管癌发病的危险因素。结论经常食用腌晒食品,有癌症家族史,患胃十二指肠溃疡或食管炎是食管癌发生的危险因素,在积极开展食管癌防治宣传基础上,应该继续推进食管癌早诊早治项目,有效控制食管癌的发生和发展。     

新疆哈萨克族食管癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的探讨新疆哈萨克族食管癌发病的危险因素。方法采用1∶2配比的病例对照研究方法,调查92例食管癌患者、184名正常对照。采用条件Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果单因素分析显示,职业为牧民、饮用手压机井水、河水、大量饮酒、喜辣食、食速快、不规律、有食管、胃病变史及食管癌家族史等因素与食管癌的发生有关;多因素Cox回归分析显示,饮用手压机井水或河水、有食管癌家族史、辛辣饮食及食速快为食管癌发生的主要危险因素,食用新鲜水果为保护因素。结论改善饮水条件,改变不良饮食生活习惯,经常食用新鲜蔬菜和水果,可减少哈萨克族食管癌发生的危险性。     

食管癌发病影响因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨邳州市居民食管癌发病危险因素及保护因素,方法 1：1病例对照研究方法对103例患者及对照作调查研究,应用条件Logistic回归分析技术推断其发闰影响因素,结论 食管癌发病与下列6因素关系密切：进食速度快（OR＝3．96）,胃病史（OR＝3．060,吸烟史（OR＝2．82）,精神刺激（OR＝2．77）,嗜腌菜（OR＝1．57）,霉制食品（OR＝1．35）,而食用大蒜（OR＝0．53）为其保护因素。结论 不同地区食管癌流行因素相异,其预防措施也应具有适应和针对性。     

淮安楚州居民饮食、行为因素与食管癌关系的病例-对照研究

目的探讨淮安市楚州区居民的饮食、行为因素与食管癌高发的关系。方法进行1∶1配对病例-对照研究,对107例食管癌病例及对照进行问卷调查,采用条件Logistic回归对所获资料进行统计分析。结果进食速度快、喜食咸辣、腌制品、十年前粮食霉变可能是食管癌的危险因素;而饮茶和摄入豆制品则具有保护作用。结论食管癌是多种环境因素对具有不同遗传素质的个体长期反复作用的结果,宜采取综合性防治措施。     

天津市区胃癌危险因素的配对病例对照研究

目的 进一步探讨各危险因素与胃癌的关系。方法 选取天津市市内六区1998年和1999年的189例新发胃癌病人并按性别、年龄、民族等配比条件选取该市189名健康人群进行1：1配对的病例对照研究,资料处理采用条件logistic回归分析。结果 多因素条件logistic回归分析显示胃癌的发病与下列4种因素关节密切：烟熏食品OR=2.34,95%CI：1.60-4.98;吸烟量OR=6.07,95%CI：1.26-7.16;喜食重盐饮食OR=1.95,95%CI：1.27-3.23;过量摄入动物肉类OR=1.46,95%CI：1.05-2.02。结论 经常食用烟熏食品、吸烟量大、喜食重盐饮食、过量摄入动物肉类可能是胃癌的危险因素。     

食管癌病因的病例对照研究

[目的]了解食管癌高发区湖北省十堰地区居民的食管癌危险因素。[方法]从当地医院采用1︰2匹配的病例对照研究方法,面对面对133例食管癌病例及266例正常对照者进行问卷调查,采用条件Logistic回归分析法对所获得的调查资料进行统计学分析。[结果]家族史、文盲、职业为农民、饮用沟渠水、吸烟、饮酒、烫食、快食、腌菜和烟熏食品为食管癌的危险因素,饮奶、豆类食品、水果和瘦肉和葱蒜是食管癌的保护因素。[结论]应将有食管癌家族史、文盲、农民、不能吃到自来水和井水者做为预防的重点人群,在这些人群中加强宣传教育,改变不良的行为生活方式。     

邢台山区食管癌饮食影响因素366例病例对照研究

目的调查邢台山区食管癌的饮食影响因素,为该病的预防提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究,用自制调查问卷对病例组和对照组共366人进行调查。结果邢台山区食管癌的保护因素有食用新鲜蔬菜每周超过7次(OR=0.351)、食用豆类、鸡蛋及规律饮食(OR=0.303);危险因素有食用腌制食品(OR=2.898)、霉变食品(OR=3.121)及饮用井水(OR=3.177)。结论邢台山区食管癌的患病与饮食蔬菜、豆类、鸡蛋、腌制和霉变食品等有关,良好的水质和规律饮食可以预防食管癌发生。     

河北省居民食管癌发病影响因素病例对照研究

目的了解河北省食管癌发病的影响因素,为预防食管癌发病提供科学依据。方法采用以医院为基础病例对照研究方法对2009年6月-2011年5月在河北医科大学附属第四医院住院的208例食管癌患者及同期住院的210例非消化道疾病患者进行问卷调查。结果不同组别居民生活习惯情况比较,病例组与对照组居民在吸烟、饮酒、食用烫食、食用硬食、饮食速度、饮食时间、吃霉变食物、吃水果、吃新鲜蔬菜、吃豆类及其制品、吃奶类及其制品等生活习惯间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);病例组抑郁、愤怒、愤怒向内和理智平均得分分别为(44.30±7.47)、(24.74±6.71)、(14.71±2.51)和(42.19±6.50)分,分别高于对照组的(40.47±6.87)、(22.58±5.00)、(13.82±2.25)和(40.83±3.58)分(P<0.01);社会支持平均得分为(16.24±3.20)分,低于对照组的(17.53±2.13)分(t=4.867,P=0.000);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,居住在城镇和农村、有食管癌家族史、家庭人际关系一般、吸烟量≥20支/d、食用硬食、吃霉变食物以及理智、愤怒和抑郁得分高是河北省居民食管癌发病的危险因素;经常吃豆类及其制品、饮用自来水和社会支持得分高是河北省居民食管癌发病的保护因素;有食管癌家族史、吸烟量≥20支/d、食用硬食、吃霉变食物以及理智和愤怒得分高是男性居民食管癌发病的危险因素;经常吃豆类及其制品和社会支持得分高是男性居民食管癌发病的保护因素;食用烫食、食用硬食、抑郁得分高是女性居民食管癌发病的危险因素;饮用自来水、经常吃水果和社会支持得分高是女性食管癌发病的保护因素。结论河北省食管癌的发生与环境、饮食、吸烟、食管癌家族史及C型行为等有关,男女的影响因素有别,应根据具体情况采取有针对性的预防措施。     

济宁市农民食管癌影响因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨济宁地区农村居民日常生活饮食习惯、饮水、吸烟、饮酒等因素与原发性食管癌发病的关系,为综合防制食管癌提供科学依据。方法采用1：2匹配的病例对照研究,选择2012年3月～2013年5月于济宁市第一人民医院就诊的济宁地区新发食管癌病例,所有病例均为在当地居住10年以上的农村居民,共152例。按与病例性别相同、年龄相差±5岁作为匹配条件,每个病例选择1例济宁市第一人民医院心内科患者和1例山东省汶上县非食管癌农村居民作配对,共选择对照304例。分别对病例和对照研究对象进行面对面问卷调查,采用条件logistic回归分析方法对所收集资料进行分析。结果152组病例对照中,男性105组（占69．08％）,女性47组（占30．92％）,病例组平均年龄（61．76±8．71）岁,对照组（60．09±8．93）岁。多因素条件logistic回归分析表明,经常吃烫热食品（0lR=4．035）、食用棉籽油（OR=3．653）、自打水井（OR=3．052）、腌制食品（OR=2．476）是食管癌发病的危险因素。食用豆油（OR=0．217）、饮用自来水（OR=0．095）、不储存饮用水（OR=0．506）是食管癌的保护因素。结论食管癌是多种生活饮食习惯及环境因素对具有不同遗传素质的个体长期反复作用的结果,应该采用综合性防制措施。     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

Protective efficacy of an inactivated Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza vaccine against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses in mice

Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza viruses are prevalent in pigs in Europe and Asia, but occasionally cause human infection, which raises concern about their pandemic potential. Here, we produced a whole-virus inactivated vaccine with an EA H1N1 strain (A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011, SW/GX/18/11) and evaluated its efficacy against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 influenza viruses in mice. A strong humoral immune response, which we measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN), was induced in the vaccine-inoculated mice upon challenge. The inactivated SW/GX/18/11 vaccine provided complete protection against challenge with homologous SW/GX/18/11 virus in mice and provided effective protection against challenge with heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses with distinctive genomic combinations. Our findings suggest that this EA H1N1 vaccine can provide protection against both homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 or H1N2 virus infection. As such, it is an excellent vaccine candidate to prevent H1N1 swine influenza.