Subsequent hip fracture in osteoporotic hip fracture patients

Purpose: A significant number of patients who have experienced previous surgical treatment for an osteoporotic hip fracture experience a subsequent hip fracture (SHF) on the opposite side. This study aims to analyze the risk factors and the correlation between osteoporosis and SHF on the opposite side in order to assess the usefulness of bisphosphonate treatment for the prevention of SHFs. Materials and Methods: We included 517 patients treated from March 1997 to April 2009 in this study. The inclusion criteria included previous unilateral hip fracture, without osteoporotic treatment, and a T-score less than -3.0 at the time of the fracture. We studied these patients in terms of death, SHF, alcoholism, living alone, dementia, dizziness, health status, osteoporotic treatment after fracture and bone mineral density (BMD). In total, 34 patients experienced a SHF. We selected another 34 patients without a SHF who had similar age, sex, body mass index, BMD, diagnosis, treatment and a follow up period for a matched pair study. We compared these two groups. The average follow up was 8.3 years and 8.1 years, respectively. Results: The mortality rate of the 517 patients was 138 (27%). The BMD at the time of fracture demonstrated no statistical difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Nine patients (26%) within the SHF group were prescribed Risedronate and 18 patients (53%) received the same treatment in the non-SHF group. There was a statistical relationship with the treatment of osteoporosis (p=0.026). The average BMD of patients with SHF was -5.13 and -5.02 in patients without SHF was (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although primary surgical treatments are important for an excellent outcome in osteoporotic hip fractures, treatment of osteoporosis itself is just as important for preventing SHFs.     

双重张力带治疗老年骨质疏松性髌骨骨折

背景:张力带系统目前被广泛用于治疗髌骨骨折,然而对于老年患者,由于骨质疏松及骨折粉碎,采用传统张力带固定对髌骨的稳定性较弱,易出现复位丢失、骨折移位等问题。目的:探讨双重张力带治疗老年骨质疏松性髌骨骨折的可行性。方法:纳入2016年1月至2018年5月大连医科大学附属第二医院创伤骨科收治的15例老年骨质疏松性髌骨新鲜骨折患者,其中男6例,女9例,年龄60-74岁,均接受双重张力带内固定治疗,术后不固定。记录骨折愈合时间、并发症发生情况,随访观察患者膝关节活动范围及Bostman髌骨骨折临床疗效评分。研究得到大连医科大学附属第二医院伦理委员会批准。结果与结论:①15例髌骨骨折均愈合,愈合时间2.0-3.0个月;②随访12-18个月,15例患者无伤口感染,无膝关节僵硬及疼痛不适,无骨折再移位,无内固定物松动及脱出;③末次随访时,15例患者膝关节活动度为(127.5±5.8)°,屈曲活动度较健侧减少(8.7±6.5)°;Bostman髌骨骨折功能评分优13例,良2例,优良率为100%;④结果表明,双重张力带固定治疗老年骨质疏松性髌骨骨折能满足患者术后即刻开始功能康复的要求,骨折固定稳定,膝关节功能恢复满意。     

骨代谢指标在骨质疏松患者椎体变形中的意义

背景：骨质疏松常导致胸腰段椎体变形,鉴于骨代谢指标可灵敏的反映个体骨转换过程,结合骨密度可减少漏诊,预测骨折风险,提前干预可降低重度椎体畸形的发生率。 目的：分析骨代谢指标在骨质疏松患者椎体变形中的意义。 方法：将157例老年人骨质疏松患者按是否存在椎体变形分为椎体变形组和椎体形态正常组,椎体变形组中根据骨密度的不同分为骨密度正常和骨密度减低亚组,进行骨密度和总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽、β胶原特殊序列、N端骨钙素骨代谢指标进行检测,比较了2组间及椎体变形组内骨密度正常和骨密度减低亚组间各骨代谢指标的差异。 结果与结论：椎体变形组总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽、β胶原特殊序列、N端骨钙素水平较椎体形态正常组增高(P < 0.05);骨密度正常亚组总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽与β胶原特殊序列水平较骨密度减低亚组增高(P < 0.05),N端骨钙素在2亚组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果表明骨质疏松患者中椎体变形者总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽、β胶原特殊序列、N端骨钙素的骨代谢水平高于无椎体变形者,在存在椎体变形的患者中,骨密度正常者总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽、β胶原特殊序列的骨代谢水平高于骨密度降低者,骨代谢水平增高结合骨密度及椎体变形可用于骨质疏松的诊断和椎体脆性骨折的预测。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

辛伐他汀涂层内固定对大鼠骨质疏松骨折愈合晚期的影响

背景：降脂类药物辛伐他汀具有一定的促进骨形成作用潜能,局部应用效果更佳。先前研究对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合中期的观察证实辛伐他汀涂层内固定可促进骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合,但其对骨折愈合晚期的影响未见报道。 目的：观察局部应用辛伐他汀涂层内固定对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合晚期进程的影响。 方法：将雌性SD大鼠分为单纯骨折组、骨质疏松性骨折组及辛伐他汀干预组。单纯骨折组仅暴露腹腔卵巢不予切除,其余2组采用双侧卵巢切除法建立骨质疏松模型。卵巢切除后6周,所有大鼠建立股骨中段开放性骨折模型,单纯骨折组、骨质疏松性骨折组及辛伐他汀干预组分别采用无涂层、聚乳酸涂层和辛伐他汀复合聚乳酸涂层克氏针内固定。骨折造模后12周分析骨折侧股骨骨密度,X射线摄片和苏木精-伊红染色分析骨折愈合情况,免疫组织化学分析骨形态发生蛋白2在骨折局部的表达。 结果与结论：骨密度检测结果提示股骨全长及中段骨密度骨质疏松性骨折组、辛伐他汀干预组显著低于单纯骨折组,辛伐他汀干预组骨折部位骨密度显著高于骨质疏松性骨折组。X射线摄片结果提示,单纯骨折组骨折两端对位、对线良好,骨痂与骨皮质密度接近相同并相互连接,塑形基本完成;骨质疏松性骨折组愈合质量差,骨痂密度浅淡,部分标本仍见模糊的骨折线;辛伐他汀干预组骨折线消失,骨痂填满骨缺损,骨膜反应深,单纯骨折组、辛伐他汀干预组X射线评分显著高于骨质疏松性骨折组(P < 0.05)。苏木精-伊红染色提示,骨质疏松性骨折组骨折愈合进程较单纯骨折组延迟,辛伐他汀干预组骨小梁较骨质疏松性骨折组更规则有序。免疫组化结果提示各组大鼠骨形态发生蛋白2的表达水平差异无显著性意义。提示辛伐他汀局部应用可有效促进骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

可注射型人工骨与异体松质骨治疗骨质疏松性胫骨平台Schatzker Ⅱ型骨折的植骨效果比较

目的比较可注射型人工骨与异体松质骨治疗骨质疏松性胫骨平台Schatzker Ⅱ型骨折的植骨效果。方法2015年8月至2017年3月解放军第180医院骨科共收治43例骨质疏松性胫骨平台Schatzker Ⅱ型骨折患者。所有病人随机分为两组,其中治疗组17例,应用Genex-S慢凝型可注射型人工骨进行胫骨平台关节面下注射植骨;对照组26例,应用异体松质骨关节面下填压植骨。分别在术后1周内、术后3个月、术后6个月与术后12个月进行膝关节正侧位X线片及植骨区域骨密度检查,记录胫骨外髁关节面塌陷高度、膝关节外侧间隙高度、外侧间隙角、植骨区域骨密度。结果治疗组术后12个月胫骨外髁关节面总体塌陷高度(1.8 mm±0.7 mm)、外侧间隙总体丢失高度(0.20 mm±0.10 mm)与外侧间隙角总体增加角度(4.62°±0.41°)均小于对照组(8.4 mm±1.7 mm,0.20 mm±0.10 mm,4.62°±0.41°),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗组各时间点植骨区域骨密度T值均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论在骨质疏松性胫骨平台Schatkzer Ⅱ型骨折的治疗中,可注射型人工骨的植骨强度与稳定性优于异体松质骨,可能是一种适用于骨质疏松性骨折支撑植骨的良好生物填充材料。     

Microstructural trabecular bone from patients with osteoporotic hip fracture or osteoarthritis: Its relationship with bone mineral density and bone remodelling markers

Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly but the relationship between them is unclear. The purposes of this study are to analyze the bone turnover markers (BTM), bone mineral density (BMD) and the structural and mechanical properties of trabecular bone in patients with OP and OA, and to explore the relationship between these two diseases. We studied 12 OP patients and 13 OA patients. We analyzed BTM (β-CrossLaps and PINP), BMD and microstructural and biomechanical parameters (micro-CT). Our results were: OP group has higher levels of β-CrossLaps and lower BMD at the femoral neck. Also, OP patients have a decreased volume of trabecular bone and less trabecular number, with architecture showing prevalence of rod-like trabeculae and worse connectivity than OA patients. The biomechanical parameters were worse in OP patients. BMD was correlated with almost all the structural and biomechanical parameters. Moreover, β-CrossLaps was negatively correlated with hip BMD and with bone surface density and positively with trabecular separation. BTM, BMD and bone microstructural changes in osteoporosis are opposite to those of OA. These findings justify a less resistant bone with higher risk of fragility fractures in OP patients. These histomorphometric and biomechanical changes may be suspected by measuring of BMD and β-CrossLaps levels.     

伴裂隙征的骨质疏松椎体骨折椎体强化后骨水泥分布模式

背景：伴真空裂隙征骨质疏松椎体骨折患者经皮椎体后凸成形治疗后的骨水泥分布模式对疗效是否有影响,国内尚未见相关报道。 目的：观察伴真空裂隙征骨质疏松椎体骨折患者经皮椎体后凸成形治疗后两种骨水泥分布模式的临床疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2008年2月至 2011年11月行经皮椎体后凸成形治疗61例伴真空裂隙征骨质疏松椎体骨折患者的临床资料。测量椎体高度恢复、后凸角矫正情况,记录骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏分布及邻近椎体骨折等并发症情况,以目测类比评分评估腰背部疼痛的程度,Oswestry功能障碍指数评估活动功能受限程度。 结果与结论：根据椎体内骨水泥分布的X射线或CT表现分为团块状组29例和海绵状组32例。团块状组骨水泥注射量(5.20±0.62) mL,海绵状组骨水泥注射量(4.80±0.66) mL,组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。患者均获得16个月以上的随访,两组治疗后3 d及末次随访时目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数较治疗前明显降低(P < 0.05),海绵状组同期疼痛缓解明显优于团块状组(P < 0.05)。两组治疗后3 d及末次随访时前缘及中线椎体高度、后凸角较治疗前明显恢复(P < 0.05),团块状组同期在影像学指数恢复上优于海绵状组(P < 0.05)。继发相邻椎体骨折发生率团块状组为14%,海绵状组为6%,组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。在漏渗率方面团块状组为17%,海绵状组为25%,组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果可见海绵状骨水泥分布比团块状分布模式更能有效稳定地缓解疼痛,改善患者生活质量,但漏渗率更高。团块状分布模式比海绵状分布模式更能恢复椎体的高度,治疗后继发相邻椎体的骨折发生率更高。     

唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折：提高骨密度、预防椎体再骨折、远期疗效评价的Meta分析

文题释义：椎体后凸成形：采用椎体内置入气囊的方法通过扩张使椎体复位,在椎体内部形成空隙,减小骨水泥注入所需的推力,使骨水泥在椎体内不易流动,可有效解除或缓解疼痛、恢复病椎高度,但临床发现仍存在骨水泥渗漏等风险。 唑来膦酸：椎体后凸成形已被广泛应用于骨质疏松性压缩骨折的治疗,临床疗效显著,然而如何有效改善骨质疏松状况成为临床面临的重要问题。唑来膦酸是双膦酸盐类药物,可有效抑制骨吸收,降低再发骨折风险,改善骨折患者的功能评分。 背景：临床应用唑来膦酸治疗骨质疏松症缺乏系统的科学评价和循证学依据,因此目前对于唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效尚无明确定论。 目的：系统评价唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。 方法：应用计算机检索公开发表在CNKI、万方、维普等中文数据库及CBM、PubMed、Cochrane等英文数据库中,有关唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的随机对照试验,试验组治疗方式为唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形,对照组治疗方式为椎体后凸成形,时间截止至2019年9月。由2位研究员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取,按Cochrane协作网标准对纳入随机对照试验逐个进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件对符合纳入标准的研究进行统计分析。 结果与结论：①最终纳入5篇文献,均为随机对照研究,试验组患者175例,对照组患者184例;②统计分析结果显示：试验组治疗后12个月的骨密度高于对照组[MD=0.12,95%CI(0.08,0.17),P < 0.000 01],治疗后6,12个月的目测类比评分低于对照组[MD=0.46,95%CI(0.18,0.75),P=0.002;MD=0.85,95%CI(0.20,1.50),P=0.01],治疗后1年的Oswestry功能障碍指数评分低于对照组[MD=6.59,95%CI(4.77,8.41),P < 0.000 01],骨水泥渗漏率、椎体骨折再发率低于对照组[OR=0.22,95%CI(0.08,0.59),P=0.003;OR=0.18,95%CI(0.07,0.50),P=0.000 8];两组椎体高度恢复、椎体后凸Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义[MD=0.65,95%CI(-0.27,1.56),P=0.16;MD=-0.60,95%CI(-2.45,1.25),P=0.53];③结果表明与单独应用椎体后凸成形相比,唑来膦酸联合椎体后凸成形在提高骨密度值、减少椎体骨折再发率、改善患者远期临床症状、预防骨水泥骨水泥渗漏等并发症方面具有显著优势,但后期仍需大量高质量的多中心随机对照研究提供更充足的证据。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8871-3539(李凯明) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Diuretic-induced hyponatremia and osteoporotic fractures in patients admitted to the emergency department

Objective

Hyponatremia is a complication of diuretic treatment and has been recently identified as a novel factor associated with osteoporosis and fractures. The impact of diuretic-associated electrolyte disorders on osteoporotic fractures (OF) has rarely been studied systematically.

Design and setting

We conducted a study in patients presenting to the emergency department at the University Hospital Bern. In this retrospective case series analysis of prospectively gathered data, over a 2-year period we identified 10,823 adult (≥50 years) outpatients with a measured baseline serum sodium, at admission to the hospital. OF patients were compared to a control group without fractures using standard statistical methods.

Results

Four hundred and eighty (5%) patients had 547 OF. The OF group had a higher mean age (73 vs. 68 years, p < 0.0001), smaller proportion of men (37% vs. 58%, p < 0.0001), higher hospitalisation rate (83% vs. 62%, p < 0.0001) and longer hospital stay (8 vs. 6 days, p < 0.0001). Any diuretic agent (p < 0.0001), loop diurietics (p = 0.02), spironolactone (p = 0.02) and amiloride (p < 0.01) were used significantly more in OF patients, but not thiazides (p = 0.68). The prevalence of hyponatremia increased significantly (p < 0.0001) with the number of diuretics taken. Advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, p < 0.0001), hyponatremia (OR 1.46, p = 0.011) higher serum creatinine (OR 1.53, p = 0.0001), furosemide use alone (OR 1.40, p = 0.01) and co-treatment with amiloride (OR 2.22, p = 0.02) were associated with a higher risk for OF.

Conclusions

This study highlights the clinical association of hyponatremia during the use of certain diuretics (i.e. furosemide or in combination, i.e. amiloride) with an increased risk of osteoporosis associated fractures. Although evidence-based data is currently lacking a pragmatic approach concerning hyponatremia monitoring and correction appears reasonable in selected groups of patients.     

矿化胶原改性骨水泥在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的应用

文题释义： 矿化胶原改性骨水泥：是在普通聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥中加入适量人工骨修复材料。普通聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥的主要成分是丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合物和为氧化锆,硬度较大,缺乏生物活性;人工骨修复材料的主要成分是Ⅰ型胶原和羟基磷灰石,它具有与天然骨相似的微结构,具有很好的传导成骨活性,利于新骨的形成。两者按照适当比例混合制成矿化胶原改性骨水泥。 经皮椎体成形：是一种微创脊柱外科技术,经皮通过椎弓根或椎弓根外侧向压缩椎体内注入骨水泥从而增加椎体强度和稳定性,防止进一步塌陷,恢复椎体部分高度,矫正后凸畸形,缓解腰背部疼痛。可用于治疗骨髓瘤、脊椎血管瘤、溶骨性转移瘤等癌性疼痛,但主要用于治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折,常见并发症有邻近椎体骨折、骨水泥渗漏、椎体坏死等。 背景：单纯骨水泥由于硬度较大,易造成邻近椎体再骨折,当前迫切需要一种能够降低邻近椎体骨折发生率的骨水泥材料。 目的：观察使用矿化胶原改性骨水泥行经皮椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。 方法：选择行经皮椎体成形治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者60例,均为新鲜单椎体骨折,随机分为2组,每组30例。单纯骨水泥组采用单纯聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥,改性骨水泥组采用人工骨修复材料与单纯聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥混合的矿化胶原改性骨水泥。所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。随访时间6-12个月,于术前、术后2 d、术后末次随访时根据目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、脊柱后凸局部Cobb角及椎体前缘高度百分比评定临床效果,并记录术后并发症的发生情况。 结果与结论：①所有患者手术均顺利完成,共发现4例患者出现不同程度的骨水泥渗漏,所有骨水泥渗漏患者均未出现明显临床不适症状;②2组患者术后2 d、末次随访与术前相比,目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数显著改善(P < 0.05),伤椎前缘高度、脊柱后凸局部Cobb角变化不明显(P > 0.05);以上指标2组间相同时间段比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③单纯骨水泥组邻近椎体骨折发生例数多于改性骨水泥组,但2组邻近椎体骨折发生率相比,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④提示矿化胶原改性骨水泥与单纯骨水泥相比无明显缺点,且在保证骨水泥支撑强度、减轻疼痛的同时,矿化胶原改性骨水泥可赋予其更好的生物学特性,降低邻近椎体骨折的发生率有待进一步研究。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5714-2566(姜文康) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

侧开与前开式骨水泥注入器椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的比较

文题释义：经皮椎体成形：自Galibert等于1987年首次描述以来,经皮椎体成形已被广泛用于骨质疏松性椎体骨折的治疗,可迅速缓解腰背痛,改善患者活动,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折安全有效的一种微创手术。 侧开口骨水泥注入器：在传统前开口注入器的基础上,通过密封前开口并在远端末端侧向开口来修改套管,侧开口的尺寸对应于套管的横截面。与传统的前开口注入器相比,侧开口骨水泥注入器可改善经皮椎体成形术中的骨水泥充盈模式,引导水泥流向内侧,降低渗漏风险,同时增加骨水泥注入量。 背景：有研究显示与传统的前开口注入器相比,侧开口注入器可改善椎体成形治疗中的骨水泥充盈模式,引导水泥流向内侧,降低渗漏风险,同时增加骨水泥注入量。 目的：探讨采用侧开式注入器进行椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折及防止术中骨水泥渗漏的临床疗效。 方法：选择2014年1月至2018年12月衡水市哈励逊国际和平医院收治的220例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,其中114例采用侧开式注入器进行双侧椎弓根椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗,106例采用标准前开式注入器进行双侧椎弓根椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗,术后拍摄X射线和CT扫描评估骨水泥渗漏情况。术前和术后3 d及6个月进行目测类比评分与椎体压缩率评估。研究获得衡水市哈励逊国际和平医院伦理委员会批准(20131214841X)。 结果与结论：①220例患者均顺利完成手术,无任何早期并发症,疼痛均有所缓解,生活质量得到明显改善;②侧开式注入器组骨水泥注射量大于前开式注入器组(P < 0.05);③两组术后3 d、6个月的目测类比评分均明显低于术前(P < 0.05),但两组组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④侧开式注入器组130个椎体中21个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏(渗漏率为16.15%),前开式注入器组120个椎体中36个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏(渗漏率为30%),侧开式注入器组骨水泥渗漏率低于前开式注入器组(P < 0.05);⑤两组术后3 d、6个月的椎体压缩率较术前显著降低(P < 0.05),两组组间椎体压缩率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑥结果表明,采用侧开式或前开式注入器进行椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折均可获得令人满意的临床疗效,但侧开式注入器可优化骨水泥注入模式,降低渗漏及渗入椎体周围血管的潜在风险,同时可通过调整骨水泥注入方向达到较为满意的骨水泥弥漫效果。 ORCID: 0000-0001-5328-9440(庞巨涛) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

高粘度与低粘度骨水泥PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效及安全性分析

目的对比较经皮椎体成形术(PVP)中使用高粘度骨水泥与低粘度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效和安全性。方法将68例OVCF行PVP治疗的患者分为高粘度组与低粘度组,分别采用高粘度骨水泥与低粘度骨水泥修复,比较两组患者疼痛缓解(VAS)、脊柱功能改善情况(ODI)、骨水泥渗漏发生率、术后骨水泥肺栓塞发生率及术后邻近椎体骨折发生率情况。结果末次随访,两组VAS、ODI评分均较术前改善,但高粘度组较低粘度组改善更加明显,差异均有统计学意义(0.01)。高粘度组骨水泥渗漏发生为2.9%,明显低于低粘度组(20.6%),差异有统计学意义(x~2=5.100,0.05);高粘度组术后骨水泥肺栓塞发生率为0,明显低于低粘度组(11.8%),差异有统计学意义(x~2=4.250,0.05);高粘度组术后邻近椎体骨折发生率为0,明显低于低粘度组术后邻近椎体骨折发生率(14.7%),差异有统计学意义(x~2=5.397,0.05)。结论经皮椎体成形术中使用高粘度骨水泥疗效显著,术后并发症少。     

肱骨近端锁定钢板结合同种异体骨移植增强固定治疗肱骨近端骨质疏松骨折

背景:老年肱骨近端骨质疏松骨折发病率逐年增加,由于骨质疏松导致抗力性明显降低,使骨折修复产生困难.目的:肱骨近端锁定钢板结合同种异体骨移植为一种有效的增强固定方法,分析两种方法结合对肱骨近端骨质疏松骨折的修复效果.方法:纳入河北北方学院附属第二医院2013年12月至2018年11月收治的肱骨近端骨质疏松骨折老年患者50...     

Relation between obesity and bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in Korean postmenopausal women

Purpose

The traditional belief that obesity is protective against osteoporosis has been questioned. Recent epidemiologic studies show that body fat itself may be a risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fractures. Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome and the individual components of metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, increased triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are also risk factors for low bone mineral density. Using a cross sectional study design, we evaluated the associations between obesity or metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density (BMD) or vertebral fracture.

Materials and Methods

A total of 907 postmenopausal healthy female subjects, aged 60-79 years, were recruited from woman hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. BMD, vetebral fracture, bone markers, and body composition including body weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, and waist circumference were measured.

Results

After adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total calcium intake, and total energy intake, waist circumference was negatively related to BMD of all sites (lumbar BMD p = 0.037, all sites of femur BMD p < 0.001) whereas body weight was still positively related to BMD of all sites (p < 0.001). Percentage body fat and waist circumference were much higher in the fracture group than the non-fracture group (p = 0.0383, 0.082 respectively). Serum glucose levels were postively correlated to lumbar BMD (p = 0.016), femoral neck BMD (p = 0.0335), and femoral trochanter BMD (p = 0.0082). Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) was positively related to femoral trochanter BMD (p = 0.0366) and was lower in the control group than the fracture group (p = 0.011).

Conclusion

In contrast to the effect favorable body weight on bone mineral density, high percentage body fat and waist circumference are related to low BMD and a vertebral fracture. Some components of metabolic syndrome were related to BMD and a vertebral fracture.     

In vivo measurement of bone quality in the horse: Estimates of precision for ultrasound velocity measurement and single photon absorptiometry

The in vivo precision of ultrasound velocity measurement and single photon absorptiometry for the assessment of equine bone quality is discussed. In vivo precisions for ultrasound velocity measurements were less than 0.5 per cent, whereas cortical cross-sectional area, compact bone density and modulus of elasticity were around 1 per cent, and bone mineral content and density were just over 2 per cent. Except for ultrasound velocity, substantial improvements could be achieved by taking the mean of five readings for each measurement. The long-term precision of the techniques was also high, with all precision values being less than 3 per cent. The possible sources of variation in ultrasound velocity measurements were also investigated. The method for combining ultranonic and photon absorptiometric data for equine bone quality assessment has been proven to be highly accurate and precise. There appears to the no reason why the same principles cannot be applied with equal success to the noninvasive assessment of bone quality in humans.     

椎体成形治疗伴椎体裂隙骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

背景：临床实践证明经皮椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折有显著的疗效。 目的：比较经皮椎体成形治疗伴或不伴椎体内裂隙样变骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的治疗效果,以确定椎体成形治疗椎体裂隙样变骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效性和安全性。 方法：选择骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者76例,分两组,实验组27例伴椎体内裂隙样变,对照组49例不伴椎体内裂隙样变。采用椎体成形治疗后,比较两组间目测类比评分和Oswesty功能障碍指数值、椎体前缘高度的变化,以及发生骨水泥外漏的类型和特点。 结果与结论：两组治疗后的目测类比评分、Oswesty功能障碍指数值均明显低于治疗前(P < 0.05),治疗后两组间目测类比评分、Oswesty功能障碍指数值及骨水泥外漏发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。两组治疗后的伤椎高度与治疗前比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明椎体成形是减轻伴或不伴有椎体裂隙骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者疼痛,改善脊柱活动功能及提高患者社会活动能力的有效方法,但不能有效恢复椎体高度。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

OSTEOSET®型液态人工骨植骨在治疗塌陷型胫骨平台骨折中的应用

[摘要] 目的 探讨OSTEOSET®型人工骨植骨在治疗塌陷型胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法 自2012年6月~ 2013年6月采用OSTEOSET®型人工骨植骨治疗塌陷型胫骨平台骨折15例，对患者术后膝关节功能恢复观察采用Rasmussen膝关节功能评分系统。结果 术后平均随访13.4个月，所有病例都取得骨性愈合，无骨不连、感染及内固定松动等情况，OSTEOSET®型人工骨材料术后1个月开始吸收，术后3个月基本或完全吸收，术后半年和1年膝关节功能良好。结论 OSTEOSET®型人工骨材料在手术治疗塌陷型胫骨平台骨折中具有良好疗效，是目前植骨较佳方法，从而可使患者早期行膝关节功能锻炼。     

Combined 2.25 MHz ultrasound velocity and bone mineral density measurements in the equine metacarpus and theirin vivo applications

A simple noninvasive ultrasound method is described for estimating the transverse cortical bone ultrasound velocity and the cross-sectional area of the equine third metacarpal bone (MC3). The method relies on measuring the time of flight of the ultrasound for each of two pathways, via the cortical shaft and through the central medulla. Ten metacarpal bones of approximately the same dimensions were selected to evaluate the method and to determine the practiocal correction factors Factors were established for the ovality of the external cortical boundary and the medullary cavity as well as corrections for the presence of the splint bones (second and fourth metacarpal bones, MC2 and MC4) which influence, the total cortical cross-sectional area. Conventional single-photon absorptiometry was used to measure the bone mineral content which, together with the cross-sectional area determined ultrasonically, was then used to estimate the bone mineral density. The bone mineral density was also determined for some bone sections from ash weight and volume. The compact bone density (i.e. relative density) together with the ultrasound velocity were then used to estimate a modulus of elasticity in the transverse direction.     

Lower calcaneal bone mineral density and broadband ultrasonic attenuation,but not speed of sound,in South Asian than white European women

Background: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures of bone predict fracture risk in older white women. South Asian women have low bone mineral density (BMD), perhaps related to smaller body size or vitamin D insufficiency, but it is unknown whether this is accompanied by lower QUS.

Aim: The study compared QUS, BMD and vitamin D status between South Asian and white European women.

Subjects and methods: Participants were 47 postmenopausal women (23 white European, 24 South Asian) aged 55–65 years. BMD was measured at the calcaneus and radius by dual X-ray absorptiometry. The QUS measurements were broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) at the calcaneus and speed of sound (SOS) at the calcaneus, radius and tibia. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was determined in late summer.

Results: South Asian women had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D than white Europeans (13.0 ± 5.1 versus 30.3 ± 7.1 ng mL^–1; p < 0.001). Calcaneal BMD and BUA were 14% and 10% lower (p = 0.016 and 0.045), respectively, in South Asian women. Radial BMD, and SOS at all sites, did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusion: In this study, postmenopausal South Asian women living in the UK had a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and lower calcaneal BMD than white European women, consistent with previous findings. Differences were detected in calcaneal BUA but not SOS. Further research is needed to evaluate fracture risk and its detection in South Asian women.     

低强度脉冲超声治疗骨折的系统回顾和荟萃分析

目的:虽然许多随机试验表明低强度脉冲超声可促进骨折愈合,但因研究样本量小、统计学者主观差异等重要评价结果不一致.系统评价低强度脉冲超声治疗骨折的疗效.方法:利用PubMed、Cochrane、Library、Embase、中国知网、万方医学网、维普等数据库及人工检索南昌大学图书馆,搜索并收集采用低强度脉冲超声对骨折治疗...