老年高血压患者血压昼夜波动与肾小球滤过率下降的关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜波动与肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)下降的关系。方法对178例老年高血压患者测定血清肌酐,以Cockroff-Gault公式计算GFR估测值(eGFR),根据eGFR≥90ml/(min·1.72 m~2)、60～89 ml/(min·1.72 m~2)、40～59 ml/(min·1.72 m~2)、<40 ml/(min·1.72 m~2)分为A组44例、B组59例、C组46例、D组29例,并行24 h动态血压监测,测定空腹血糖、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C,计算体重指数。结果 A组、B组、C组和D组随着eGFR的下降,夜间收缩压、24 h脉压、昼间脉压、夜间脉压、收缩压晨峰逐渐升高;舒张压波动幅度、夜间收缩压下降率、夜间脉压下降率逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,病程、夜间收缩压、收缩压晨峰、24 h脉压、夜间脉压及夜间舒张压下降率与eGFR呈负相关,夜间舒张压、舒张压波动幅度、夜间收缩压下降率、夜间脉压下降率与eGFR呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论血压昼夜节律和波动幅度的异常与eGFR下降密切相关,尤以夜间脉压增大为著。     

老年冠心病患者介入治疗术后对比剂肾损伤发生率及危险因素分析

目的探讨老年冠心病患者PCI术后对比剂肾损伤(contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN)发生情况及危险因素。方法选取行PCI的老年冠心病患者945例,按照CIN诊断标准分为CIN组150例和非CIN组795例,比较2组相关因素的差异,应用多元logistic回归分析探讨CIN危险因素。结果 945例老年患者中,150例发生CIN,CIN发生率为15.9%。2组患者年龄、心肌梗死、糖尿病、低血压、红细胞计数、血红蛋白、贫血、LVEF、术前肾小球滤过率(GFR)、对比剂剂量等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元logistic回归分析,心肌梗死、糖尿病、贫血、低血压、LVEF≤45%、GFR≤60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)、急诊PCI、对比剂剂量>200 ml是老年冠心病患者CIN的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 CIN是老年冠心病患者PCI术后一种不容忽视的并发症,患者行PCI时,应引起临床医师的格外重视。     

原发性高血压患者肾功能损害与缺血性脑卒中发生的相关性

目的:本研究通过回顾性研究原发性高血压(EH)患者肾脏功能与缺血性脑卒中发生的关系。方法:本研究为回顾性研究,共入选EH患者1560例,根据估算肾小球滤过率[eGFR(min.173m2)]将人群分为6组(≥90,80～89,70～79,60～69,50～59和<50),利用Logistic回归分析肾功能与缺血性脑卒中之间的关系。结果:①EH患者缺血性脑卒中发生率随eGFR降低而增加,eGFR[ml/(min.173m2)](<50,50～59,60～69)组缺血性脑卒中发生率均高于eGFR≥90ml/(min.173m2)组(39.83%、33.39%、23.89%比17.15%,P<0.05);同样的趋势发生在男性组(P<0.001)和女性组(P<0.05)。②Logistic回归分析发现,在调整影响缺血性脑卒中的其他危险因素后,高血压人群eGFR在50-59及<50ml/(min.173m2)组发生缺血性脑卒中的危险是eGFR(≥90ml/(min.173m2)组的1.09倍、1.20倍。相对于eGFR≥90ml/(min.173m2)组,eGFR在60～69、50～59、<50ml/(min.173m...     

高敏C反应蛋白对老年女性急性心肌梗死患者肾功能不全的独立预测作用

目的探讨高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)对于老年女性急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者肾功能不全的预测作用。方法选择天津医科大学第二医院就诊的老年女性AMI患者317例,根据估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平分为肾功能正常组209例[eGFR≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m^2)],肾功能不全组108例[eGFR<60ml/(min·1.73 m^2)]。采用Spearman相关性分析eGFR与临床生化指标的关系,二元logistic回归分析老年女性AMI患者肾功能不全的危险因素。结果与肾功能正常组比较,肾功能不全组年龄、饮酒、KillipsⅡ级、尿酸、尿素、肌酐、hs-CRP、N末端钠尿肽前体、肌酸激酶水平明显升高,TC、LDL-C和白蛋白/球蛋白比值明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。Spearman相关性分析显示,hs-CRP与eGFR呈负相关(r=-0.317,P=0.000)。单因素logistic回归分析显示,hs-CRP是老年女性AMI患者肾功能不全的重要预测指标(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.005~1.015,P=0.000)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、hs-CRP和N末端钠尿肽前体是老年女性AMI患者肾功能不全的危险因素(P=0.011,P=0.024,P=0.000)。结论 hs-CRP与老年女性AMI患者肾功能密切相关。     

纤维蛋白原对老年女性急性心肌梗死患者肾功能不全的预测作用

目的探讨纤维蛋白原对老年女性急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者肾功能不全的预测作用。方法采用横断面选取2016年1月～2019年12月天津医科大学第二医院心脏科就诊的老年女性AMI患者345例,并以估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)作为肾功能正常组(233例),eGFR60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)作为肾功能不全组(112例)。采用Spearman相关性分析eGFR与高血压、年龄、TC、LDL-C、尿酸、尿素、肌酐、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、N末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)、纤维蛋白原等生化指标的关系,二元logistic回归分析影响老年女性AMI患者肾功能不全的危险因素。结果与肾功能正常组比较,肾功能不全组年龄、饮酒、尿酸、尿素、肌酐、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP、纤维蛋白原水平明显升高,TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、白球比、白蛋白、红细胞计数、血小板计数明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。Spearman相关性分析显示,eGFR与纤维蛋白原呈负相关(r=-0.168,P=0.002)。二元logistic回归分析显示,年龄、hs-CRP、纤维蛋白原是老年女性AMI患者肾功能不全的独立危险因素(OR=0.960,95%CI:0.926～0.996,P=0.032;OR=0.998,95%CI:0.994～1.000,P=0.046;OR=0.688,95%CI:0.476～0.992,P=0.045)。结论纤维蛋白原对老年女性AMI患者肾功能不全具有独立预测作用。     

2型糖尿病病程10年以上无微量白蛋白尿患者肾小球滤过率下降的危险因素分析

目的探讨T2DM病程10年以上无微量白蛋白尿患者eGFR下降的危险因素。方法选取T2DM病程10年以上无微量白蛋白尿的患者294例,分为eGFR≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)组及eGFR60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)组。Logistic回归分析eGFR下降的危险因素。结果 Logistic回归分析发现,超重、TC升高、冠心病病史、糖尿病家族史是eGFR下降的影响因素。结论 T2DM患者联合检测尿白蛋白/肌酐(UAlb/Cr)及eGFR可全面评估肾功能情况,尤其适用于病程较长的患者。该类患者严格控制体重、TG及动脉粥样硬化等可减少糖尿病慢性肾脏疾病的发病风险。     

肾小球滤过率与小动脉闭塞性脑卒中进展的相关性研究

目的探讨估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)与小动脉闭塞性脑卒中(SAO)进展的相关性。方法选择2017年1月~2019年4月常州市第二人民医院神经内科住院的SAO患者93例,根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分为进展组33例及非进展组60例。比较进展组与非进展组危险因素,并进一步行多因素logistic回归分析eGFR在脑卒中进展中的作用。根据eGFR水平分为肾功能正常组50例及肾功能异常组43例,比较2组脑卒中进展、30 d预后及复发情况。结果进展组eGFR明显低于非进展组eGFR[(84.38±12.47)ml/(min·1.73 m2)vs(90.18±7.97)ml/(min·1.73 m2),P=0.008]。进展组发病7 d NIHSS评分明显高于非进展组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,eGFR是SAO进展的独立危险因素(OR=0.942,95%CI:0.899~0.987,P=0.012)。肾功能异常组发病7 d NIHSS评分、脑卒中进展、发病30 d改良的Rankin量表评分明显高于肾功能正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论eGFR是SAO患者脑卒中进展的独立危险因素,eGFR异常的SAO患者脑卒中进展发生率高,并且30 d预后不良。     

服用达比加群的老年高血压伴非瓣膜性心房颤动患者估算肾小球滤过率与出血的相关性

目的:探讨服用达比加群的老年高血压伴非瓣膜性心房颤动患者估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)与出血的关系。方法:本研究为2015年2月至2017年12月在全国12家医院开展的前瞻性观察队列研究,纳入服用达比加群(110 mg,2次/d)的老年高血压伴非瓣膜性心房颤动患者528例,平均年龄为(71.49±7.09)岁,其中男性271例(51.33%)。根据患者的eGFR值分为两组:eGFR≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)组(n=433)和eGFR60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)组(n=95)。收集患者的基线资料(如年龄、性别、身高、体重等)、生化和凝血功能指标,随访3个月后,收集生化、凝血功能指标和出血事件信息。eGFR 60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)定义为肾损伤。通过多因素Cox回归模型分析患者eGFR与出血事件的相关性。结果:528例患者的eGFR平均值为(76.17±16.07)ml/(min·1.73 m~2),其中eGFR 60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)95例,占17.99%。60例(11.36%)患者发生出血事件。eGFR 60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)组和eGFR≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)组的出血发生率分别为20.00%(19/95)和9.47%(41/433),差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。多因素分析显示,与eGFR≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)组患者相比,eGFR60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)组患者的出血风险增加1.07倍(HR=2.07,95%CI:1.14～3.78)。结论:服用达比加群的老年高血压伴非瓣膜性心房颤动患者肾损伤时出血风险增加,因此针对该人群应密切监测肾功能,以减少出血风险。     

老年男性高血压患者血压变异性与肾功能的相关性分析

目的了解血压控制良好的老年及高龄老年男性高血压患者血压变异性与肾功能的相关性。方法选择老年男性高血压患者413例,根据年龄分为老年组196例(年龄<80岁)和高龄组217例(年龄≥80岁)。给予24h动态血压监测及血液指标检测。血压变异性指标用24h收缩压和舒张压血压标准差表示,肾功能指标由估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)表示。将研究人群按照eGFR≥90ml/(min.1.73m2)、60～89ml/(min.1.73m2)、<60ml/(min.1.73m2)分为eGFR 1组89例、eGFR 2组179例和eGFR 3组145例。结果与老年组比较,高龄组年龄、糖尿病和冠心病患病、尿酸、夜间收缩压、24h收缩压负荷水平明显增高,TC、LDL-C、eGFR、24h舒张压、夜间收缩压下降、夜间舒张压下降明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,24h收缩压标准差是血压控制良好的老年及高龄老年患者肾功能下降的独立危险因素。结论在血压控制良好的老年男性高血压患者中,只有24h收缩压标准差是肾功能下降的独立危险因素,改善血压变异性是延缓肾功能下降的重要治疗内容。     

2型糖尿病患者合并尿路结石影响因素分析

目的分析住院T2DM合并尿路结石(UC)患者的临床特征及影响因素。方法收集2011年1月1日至2019年3月31日于北京大学人民医院内分泌科住院的1836例T2DM患者临床资料,回顾性分析合并UC患者临床特征。结果 T2DM合并UC在eGFR60 ml/(min·1. 73 m~2)、60 ml/(min·1. 73 m~2)≤eGFR90 ml/(min·1. 73 m~2)和eGFR≥90 ml/(min·1. 73 m~2)组中患病率分别为9. 8%、8. 0%和4. 2%(P0. 01),男性高于女性。其中男性较女性糖尿病病程长[11(7. 3,15. 8)vs9(3,15)年]、eGFR低[(98. 86±16. 41)vs(103. 54±15. 66)ml/(min·1. 73 m~2)](P0. 05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,血清白蛋白(β=0. 023,P=0. 022)、血肌酐(Scr)(β=0. 027,P0. 001)是UC的影响因素。结论 T2DM患者合并UC与肾功能相关,当Scr升高或eGFR下降时需早期筛查并干预。     

Decreased glomerular filtration rate is a significant and independent risk for in-hospital mortality in Japanese patients with acute myocardial infarction: report from the Hokkaido acute myocardial infarction registry

Renal dysfunction is a significant risk factor in the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases. We sought to determine the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values and in-hospital mortality in Japanese acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. A total of 2266 consecutive AMI patients admitted to 22 hospitals in Hokkaido were registered. The eGFR values were determined using the following equation: eGFR=194 × (serum creatinine)(-1.094) × (age)(-0.287) ( × 0.739 if female). Patients were classified into four groups according to their eGFR values: ≥60 (n=1304), 30-59 (n=810), 15-29 (n=87) and <15 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) (n=65). A total of 110 patients (4.9%) died during hospitalization. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with reduced eGFR values at 2.3, 5.4, 24.1 and 23.1% for eGFR values of ≥60, 30-59, 15-29, and <15 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2), respectively. The odds ratios for in-hospital all cause death were 8.26 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.22-30.77) for eGFR<15 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) and 3.42 (95% CI: 1.01-11.61) for eGFR 15-29 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) compared with eGFR ≥60?ml?min(-1) per 1.73 m(2). Similarly, the odds ratios for in-hospital cardiac death were 8.43 (95% CI: 1.82-39.05) for eGFR<15 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) and 5.47 (95% CI: 1.51-19.80) for eGFR 15-29 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2). In conclusion, the eGFR of <30 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) was a significant and independent risk for in-hospital mortality in abroad cohort of Japanese patients with AMI.     

老年心房颤动患者慢性肾功能受损对血栓栓塞事件的影响

目的探讨老年心房颤动(房颤)患者慢性肾功能受损对血栓栓塞事件的影响。方法选择无抗凝治疗的老年房颤患者265例,根据慢性肾脏疾病分级分为估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)≥60ml/(min·1.73m2)152例、eGFR45⁵9ml/(min·1.73m2)69例、eGFR<45ml/(min·1.73m2)44例,通过eGFR和尿蛋白的评估,观察其随访期间是否出现血栓栓塞事件。结果房颤血栓栓塞的发生与eGFR下降(RR=4.183,95%CI:2.57159ml/(min·1.73m2)69例、eGFR<45ml/(min·1.73m2)44例,通过eGFR和尿蛋白的评估,观察其随访期间是否出现血栓栓塞事件。结果房颤血栓栓塞的发生与eGFR下降(RR=4.183,95%CI:2.571⁶.805,P<0.01)和尿蛋白(RR=3.692,95%CI:2.7316.805,P<0.01)和尿蛋白(RR=3.692,95%CI:2.731⁵.105,P<0.01)相关。多因素分析显示,尿蛋白使血栓栓塞的危险性增加46.2%(HR=1.462,95%CI:1.2155.105,P<0.01)相关。多因素分析显示,尿蛋白使血栓栓塞的危险性增加46.2%(HR=1.462,95%CI:1.215¹.904,P<0.01);将eGFR≥60ml/(min·1.73m2)作为参照,eGFR在451.904,P<0.01);将eGFR≥60ml/(min·1.73m2)作为参照,eGFR在45⁵9ml/(min·1.73m2)出现血栓栓塞事件增加17.2%(HR=1.172,95%CI:0.91559ml/(min·1.73m2)出现血栓栓塞事件增加17.2%(HR=1.172,95%CI:0.915¹.402,P<0.01),eGFR<45ml/(min·1.73m2)则增加42.1%(HR=1.421,95%CI:1.2111.402,P<0.01),eGFR<45ml/(min·1.73m2)则增加42.1%(HR=1.421,95%CI:1.211¹.816,P<0.01)。结论慢性肾功能受损增加了不用抗凝药物的老年房颤患者血栓栓塞的危险性。     

Impact of serum uric acid on renal function and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients treated with losartan

High serum uric acid level (SUA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are risk factors for cardiovascular events (CVEs). However, their interactions as cardiovascular risk factors remain unknown. This subanalysis of the Japan Hypertension Evaluation with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan Therapy (J-HEALTH) study included 7629 patients, in whom the serum creatinine level was measured at least twice. The study examined the impact of hyperuricemia (SUA ≥7?mg?dl(-1)) on CVE according to the level of renal dysfunction and whether early changes in SUA predicted future glomerular filtration rates (GFRs). The mean follow-up period was 3.1 years. The patients were divided into three groups according to the baseline estimated GFR (eGFR): groups A, B and C with eGFR <45, 45-59 and ≥60?ml?min(-1) per 1.73?m(2), respectively. eGFR increased from 38.1 to 57.6, from 52.8 to 67.5 and from 74.7 to 80.7?ml?min(-1) per 1.73?m(2) in groups A, B and C, respectively. In non-hyperuricemic patients, the CVE rate was 10.83, 4.98 and 4.21/1000 person-years in groups A, B and C, respectively, while in hyperuricemic patients, the corresponding values were 14.18, 17.02 and 5.93. Thus, hyperuricemia increased the risk of CVE only in group B (relative risk (RR) 3.43 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55 to 7.60); P<0.002). The final change in the eGFR was negatively correlated with the change in SUA from baseline to year 1 (P<0.001). CVEs were more frequent in those with a decrease in eGFR. Hyperuricemia may be a major determinant of increased cardiovascular risk in CKD stage 3A, and SUA may be involved in the progression of CKD. Changes in the GFR influence the rate of CVE.     

Intensive glucose-lowering and the risk of vascular events and premature death in patients with decreased kidney function: The ADVANCE trial

To assess the effects of intensive glucose control on the risk of major clinical outcomes according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Of 11 140 ADVANCE trial participants, 11 096 with baseline eGFR measurements were included, and classified into three eGFR groups: ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m²; 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m²; and < 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Relative risk reduction of randomized intensive glucose control with regard to the composite outcome of major macro- and microvascular events, all-cause death and cardiovascular death did not significantly vary by eGFR level (P for heterogeneity ≥0.49). The risk of severe hypoglycaemia increased with intensive glucose control; however, this risk did not vary across eGFR groups (P for heterogeneity = 0.83). The risk–benefit profile of intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired kidney function appears similar to that observed in those with preserved kidney function.     

老年人基线脉压水平对远期肾功能的影响

目的研究脉压水平对老年人群远期肾功能的影响。方法用前瞻性队列研究法,选择开滦集团年龄≥60岁健康体检者9695例,以脉压水平分为:脉压<40mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa,1组)972例、40⁴9mm Hg(2组)2393例、5049mm Hg(2组)2393例、50⁵9mm Hg(3组)2553例、脉压≥60mm Hg(4组)3777例,以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60ml/(min·1.73m2)为肾功能受损。随访2459mm Hg(3组)2553例、脉压≥60mm Hg(4组)3777例,以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60ml/(min·1.73m2)为肾功能受损。随访24⁶3(50.84±4.83)个月,用Kaplan-Meier法及多因素Cox回归模型分析脉压对远期肾功能的影响。结果 1组、2组、3组和4组肾功能受损分别为11例、71例、81例和189例(1.1%vs3.0%vs 3.2%vs 5.0%,P<0.01)。校正传统危险因素后,与1组比较,其他3组发生肾功能受损的相对风险分别为2.67(95%CI:1.3363(50.84±4.83)个月,用Kaplan-Meier法及多因素Cox回归模型分析脉压对远期肾功能的影响。结果 1组、2组、3组和4组肾功能受损分别为11例、71例、81例和189例(1.1%vs3.0%vs 3.2%vs 5.0%,P<0.01)。校正传统危险因素后,与1组比较,其他3组发生肾功能受损的相对风险分别为2.67(95%CI:1.33⁵.38,P<0.01)、2.98(95%CI:1.495.38,P<0.01)、2.98(95%CI:1.49⁵.96,P<0.01)和4.90(95%CI:2.505.96,P<0.01)和4.90(95%CI:2.50⁹.63,P<0.01)。结论脉压是老年人远期肾功能受损事件的独立危险因素,脉压升高,远期新发肾功能受损增加。     

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in primary care: prevalence of chronic kidney disease and impact on referral to nephrology

Data were collected in 18.922 patients attending Primary Care Centers in Alca?iz (Spain), mean age 59,96 +/- 17 years, 42,9 % males and 57,1 % females. The prevalence of eGFR was: stage 3 (30-59 ml/min/1,73 m2) 15,7 %; stage 4 (15-29 ml/min/1,73 m2) 0,6 %; stage 5 no dialysis (GFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) 0,1 %. This prevalence increased with age and 32 % of patients attending Primary Care services over 65 years presented a eGFR < 60 ml/min/1,73 m2. Of the total patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1,73 m2, 26 % had normal serum creatinine levels. Protocol implementation could implied for the Renal Unit an increase in the number of patients, specially the oldest ones. This study documents the substantial prevalence of significantly abnormal renal function among patients at Primary Care level and the importance of Primary Care collaboration in their early identification and appropriate management.     

Association of standardized estimated glomerular filtration rate with the prevalence of hypertension among adults in the United States

National Kidney Disease Education Program has initiated a serum creatinine standardization program. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be re-estimated from standardized serum creatinine measurements. How the standardized estimated GFR (eGFR) influences hypertension prevalence has not been evaluated. In this study, cross-sectional data from 21?205 participants aged 18 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 were analyzed. The differences between standardized and non-standardized eGFRs in the prevalence of hypertension and low eGFR were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression models were conducted to determine the association of standardized eGFR with hypertension prevalence. The prevalence of low eGFR estimated from standardized eGFR was higher than that from non-standardized eGFR (all P<0.01), except for the 2005-2006 survey. The prevalence of hypertension under standardized eGFR was not significantly different from that under non-standardized eGFR in both groups of participants with eGFR>60 and eGFR60?ml?min(-1) per 1.73?m(2). Adjusted for age, education, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, serum cholesterol and diabetes mellitus, the participants with standardized eGFR60?ml?min(-1) per 1.73?m(2) had 56.1% more chance to be hypertensive patients than those with normal eGFR (P<0.0001). The difference in the relationship to hypertension prevalence between standardized and non-standardized eGFR was not found significant.