老年人脑白质损害与认知功能的关系

目的探讨老年人脑白质损害(WML)与认知功能的关系。方法选择457例男性老年人行头颅CT及数字广度、言语流畅、积木测验、词语延迟回忆、连线测验A、符号数字检查,按头颅CT表现将研究对象分为无WML(132例)、轻度WML(147例)、中度WML(105例)及重度WML(73例)4组。多因素协方差分析比较不同组别各项神经心理测验结果;用logistic回归分析不同WML状态下认知功能损害的相对危险性。结果重度WML组各项认知检测分数较无WML组有显著性差异(P<0.01),重度WML是各项认知功能损害的危险因素(P<0.01)。中度WML组在部分认知项目上与无WML组有显著性差异(P<0.01),轻度WML组与无WML组的认知功能无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论轻度WML对认知的影响不明显,WML严重到一定程度时将使老年人认知功能产生广泛损害。     

不同程度脑白质损害老年患者认知评分与神经解剖指标的关系

目的分析不同程度脑白质损害(WML)老年患者认知评分及神经解剖指标的特点及其相互关系。方法根据Fazekas分级标准将151例老年患者分为WML0级组62例、WML1级组46例、WML 2级组43例,分析各组患者蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)和神经解剖结构的差异及其相互关系。结果与WML 0级组和WML1级组比较,WML 2级组患者各项MoCA评分明显降低(P<0.01)。控制各项脑神经解剖结构指标后,WML分级与MoCA总分显著相关(r=-0.448,P=0.000)。WML2级组与WML 0级组比较,尾状核指数扩大、海马沟回比扩大、腔隙性脑梗死数目增多为独立危险因素。执行功能与皮质下萎缩(P<0.01)、颞叶萎缩及腔隙性脑梗死数目增多(P<0.05)显著相关。结论轻度WML患者认知功能及脑解剖结构无明显改变,中、重度WML患者多领域认知功能出现明显损害同时伴有广泛的脑萎缩,且WML导致的认知障碍独立于脑萎缩,提示额叶皮质-皮质下环路的破坏及对执行功能的影响是中、重度WML患者的显著特征。     

不同类型脑小血管病伴发非痴呆血管性认知功能损害的研究

目的分析比较脑小血管病不同临床类型的非痴呆血管性认知功能的损害差异。方法纳入脑小血管病患者118例,包括52例腔隙性脑梗死灶(LI)和66例白质疏松(WML),健康对照组80例。对研究对象进行神经心理学测验,包括用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易智能状态检查表(MMSE)、语义分类流畅测验(动物)、简短Stroop测验、画钟实验、积木测验、数字广度顺背测验、数字符号测验、逻辑记忆亚测验、再生亚测验。结果与对照组比较,LI组和WML组Stroop测验评分升高,其他各项评分均降低(P<0.05)。LI组语义分类流畅测验(动物)、Stroop测验、数字符号测验、听觉词语学习测验(言语性记忆)、视觉再生亚测验(视觉性记忆)、MoCA、MMSE评分高于WML组(P<0.05)。结论 LI组和WML组患者血管性认知功能均受到损害,且总体上来说WML组患者更为严重。     

脑白质损害对轻度认知功能障碍患者神经心理学的影响

目的 探讨脑白质损害（WML）对轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者神经心理学的影响。方法 选取MCI患者和对照老年人各104例,按WML头颅CT表现分为无、轻度、中度及重度四型。比较伴发不同程度WML的MCI患者及对照老年人各项神经心理测验的差异。结果 MCI组较对照组的年龄高（P〈0.05）,伴发中度、重度WML及总WML的比例明显增多（P〈0.01）。伴发重度WML的MCI组认知功能受损最为明显,并与无WML的MCI组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;伴发重度WML的对照组与无WML对照组的认知功能也有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论 WML达到一定程度时将加重老年人认知功能的损害。     

脑白质病变程度、部位对老年患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨脑白质病变（WML）程度及部位对患者认知功能障碍的影响。方法对57例WML患者（WML组）及20例正常人（对照组）进行简易精神状态量表（MMSE）评分,分析脑白质病变程度和部位与MMSE评分之间的关系。结果与对照组比较,WML组中、重度患者MMSE总分均有明显降低;重度患者显著低于轻、中度患者,中度患者亦显著低于轻度者（P〈0．05）。WML组皮层下脑白质疏松者MMSE积分显著低于脑室旁疏松者（P〈0．01）。结论WML是血管性认知功能障碍危险因素,对认知功能有较大影响,皮层下脑白质损害对认知功能影响更大。     

高龄糖尿病患者缺血性脑白质病变严重程度及其危险因素分析

目的探讨高龄(≥80岁)糖尿病患者缺血性脑白质病变(WML)严重程度及其相关危险因素分析。方法选择安徽医科大学第三附属医院神经内科及干部病房住院的行头颅MRI检查的缺血性WML患者202例,分为糖尿病组105例和非糖尿病组97例,糖尿病组根据年龄相关性脑白质改变(ARWMC)评分为WML轻度患者(1~4分)35例、中度患者(5~8分)46例和重度患者(≥9分)24例。收集患者临床基线资料,采用Kendall等级相关分析,采用多因素logistic回归分析WML相关危险因素。结果糖尿病组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、ARWMC评分明显高于非糖尿病组,HDL-C水平明显低于非糖尿病组(P<0.05)。糖尿病组不同程度WML患者年龄、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。轻度、重度及重度患者随症状加重其空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及HbA1c水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与轻度患者比较,中度和重度患者年龄更高,重度患者糖尿病病程更长(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、HbA1c水平升高是缺血性WML严重程度的独立危险因素(95%CI=0.128~0.454,P=0.000;95%CI=1.941~5.623,P=0.000)。所有缺血性WML患者,年龄与WML严重程度呈正相关(P=0.000)。糖尿病患者年龄、HbA1c水平、糖尿病病程与缺血性WML严重程度呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。在校正高血压、血脂、尿酸水平等危险因素后,糖尿病病程与缺血性WML严重程度的无关(P=0.210)。结论年龄是缺血性WML的独立危险因素,在糖尿病患者中,HbA1c水平可能与缺血性WML严重程度相关。     

中老年缺血性脑白质病变与认知功能损害的关系

目的探讨不同程度、不同部位的缺血性脑白质病变(WML)对认知功能的影响及其相关关系。方法 2012年10月至2013年11月于兰州大学第二医院神经内科就诊的患者,根据其颅脑磁共振检查结果,选取缺血性WML患者90例,正常对照组35例。将WML患者根据病变部位不同分为深部WML(DWML)组、近脑室旁白质病变(PVL)组及混合组;应用Fazakas量表评价WML的严重程度,据此将WML患者分为三组(轻度、中度及重度组),并结合简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知功能量表(MoCA)对入选患者和正常对照者进行认知功能评价,分析不同程度、不同部位WML对认知功能的影响并进行相关分析。采用SPSS 19.0进行统计学分析,组间差异比较采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析以及χ2检验。结果与正常对照组比较,不同程度WML组MMSE、MoCA量表总分及视空间与执行功能、延迟回忆评分均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),重度组除抽象思维能力外,MoCA量表其余6项认知域评分均明显降低(均P0.05);WML严重程度的Fazekas评分与MMSE和MoCA评分均呈负相关(r=-0.780、-0.817,均P0.05);DWML组在视空间与执行功能和语言表达评分低于PVL组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);PVL组的延迟回忆、注意力及计算力方面评分低于DWML组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);混合组在除抽象功能以外的其余6项认知功能评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论缺血性WML可导致认知功能损害,WML程度越重,认知下降越显著;脑室旁和深部白质病变可能对不同认知域损害不同。     

腔隙性脑梗死认知功能与脑白质病变胰岛素抵抗关系184例临床分析

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗(IR)、脑白质病变(WML)与腔隙性脑梗死患者的认知功能障碍的相关性。方法收集选择2011年5月至2011年10月中国医科大学附属盛京医院神经内科住院184例腔隙性脑梗死患者的临床资料,计算IR指数;评估其认知功能,在MRI上判断WML级别,对数据进行统计学分析。结果轻度认知功能损害(MCI)组中IR指数、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、WML级别为差异有统计学意义的变量(P<0.05)。痴呆组中IR指数、年龄、WML级别为有统计学意义的变量,且较认知功能正常组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。WML组与非WML组在蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)总分、简易智能量表(MMSE)总分以及除抽象以外的两量表各分项认知功能得分之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。IR组与非IR组在MoCA总分、MMSE总分、语言、即刻记忆、语言和视空间能力之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抽象、注意力和计算力有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论 IR、HbA1c、WML级别是MCI的危险因素;IR、年龄、WML级别是痴呆的危险因素。WML会明显损害腔隙性脑梗死患者的视空间与执行、命名、语言、抽象、延迟回忆、定向力、即刻记忆、注意力和计算力功能。IR会导致腔隙性脑梗死患者即刻记忆、语言和视空间能力受损,并会明显损害其抽象能力、注意力和计算力。     

同型半胱氨酸与脑卒中患者脑白质病变的相关性研究

目的探讨脑卒中患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与脑白质病变(WML)的关系。方法选择急性脑卒中患者11 5例,根据Ylikoski评分,将患者分为重度WML组59例(Ylikoski评分>17分),无或轻度WML组56例(Ylikoski评分≤17分)。测定患者血浆Hcy水平,进行多因素1ogistic回归分析。结果重度WML组患者的年龄、血浆Hcy水平和高血压的比例均高于无或轻度WML组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。剔除年龄等因素影响后,血浆Hcy水平仍是重度WML的独立危险因素(OR=2.959,95%CI:1.164～7.518,P=0.023)。结论高Hcy血症是脑卒中患者出现重度WML的独立危险因素。     

清脑益智颗粒干预治疗轻度认知障碍记忆损害30例临床观察

目的观察清脑益智颗粒治疗轻度认知障碍记忆损害的临床疗效。方法选取轻度认知障碍病人60例,随机分为两组,清脑益智颗粒组(治疗组)30例,尼莫地平组(对照组)30例,两组均服药12周后观察结果,评定两组治疗前后简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、临床记忆量表评价认知功能的变化。结果经过治疗后两组病人MMSE及临床记忆量表评分均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),但治疗组明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论清脑益智颗粒治疗轻度认知障碍记忆损害临床疗效显著。     

颈动脉斑块易损性评分较斑块积分更能准确预测脑白质病变及认知损害

目的 对比颈动脉斑块易损性评分和斑块积分与脑白质病变(WML)及认知损害的相关性,明确易损性评分是否能更敏感地评估WML及认知损害.方法 以2016年4月至2019年5月苏州大学附属第一医院老年医学科住院患者为研究对象,收集经颈动脉超声证实的201例颈动脉斑块患者的基本资料、实验室资料、颈动脉超声及头颅磁共振等影像学数...     

高龄老年人不同程度脑白质损害的危险因素分析

目的 初步探讨不同程度脑白质损害(white matter lesions,WML)高龄患者的独立危险因素,为WML的进展提供预测依据.方法 根据Fazekas分级标准将151例74～93岁高龄老年人分为无白质损害组(对照组)、轻度脑白质损害组(轻度WML组)、中重度脑白质损害组(中重度WML组),采用单因素方差分析和多因素Logistic回归分析三组间认知评分、血管危险因素、脑动脉硬化和脑血流动力学、神经解剖等各项指标之间差异及独立危险因素.结果 三组间单因素方差分析显示,认知评分(F=48.595,P=0.000)、高血压(x2=7.052,P=0.029)、吸烟(x2=19.476,P=0.000)、总胆固醇(F=3.086,P=0.049)、Crouse积分(F=3.968,P=0.021)及多项脑萎缩指标差异有统计学意义.轻度WML组患者与对照组间多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,吸烟(OR 2.031,95%CI 1.244～1.317)、腔隙性梗死(LI)数目(OR 2.031,95%CI L 316～4.015)、总胆固醇(OR 1.610,95%CI 0.972～2.668)为独立危险因素(P＜0.05);中重度WML组与轻度WML组间回归分析结果表明,认知评分(OR 0.276,95%CI 0.143～0.532)、吸烟(OR 2.262,95%CI 1.260～4.059)、大脑外侧裂比(OR 1.954,95%CI 1.013～3.768)为独立危险因素(P＜0.05).中重度WML组患者与对照组间回归分析结果显示,认知评分(OR 0.091,95%CI 0.030～0.273)、尾状核指数(OR 2.511,95%CI 1.147～5.499)、Crouse积分(OR 2.304,95%CI 1.127～4.712)、LI数目(OR 2.200,95%CI 1.028～4.707),为独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 轻度WML患者在认知功能、脑动脉硬化及脑萎缩等方面改变不显著,而中重度WML患者表现显著的认知功能障碍、脑动脉硬化和脑萎缩.与对照组比较,认知评分、尾状核指数、Crouse积分、LI数目是中重度WML患者的独立危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the independent risk factors of cerebral white matter lesions (WML) of different degrees in the elderly aged 80 years and over,and provide the evidences for forecasting the prognosis of WML.Methods Brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) findings in 151 people aged 74 to 93 years were collected and analyzed.According to the severity of WML in brain MRI using the Fazekas Scale,the persons were divided into non-WML (control) group,mildWML (grade 1 WML) group and moderate-to-severe WML (grade 2 WML) group.The cognitive score,vascular risk factors,cerebral hemodynamic and arteriosclerotic index,and radiological features were compared among the three groups.Subsequent one-way ANOVA and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to determine the statistically significant factors and the independent risk factors among groups.Results The statistically significant factors with one-way ANOVA analysis among the three groups were cognitive performance (F = 48.595,P = 0.000),hypertension (x2 =7.052,P=0.029),cigarette history (x2 = 19.476,P= 0.000),cholesterol (TC) (F= 3.086,P=0.049),Crouse score (F=3.968,P=0.021) and multiple cerebral atrophy indexes.When compared with control group,cigarette history (OR 2.031,95%CI 1.244-1.317),lacunar infarction (LI)numbers (OR 2.031,95%CI 1.316-4.015) and cholesterol (OR 1.610,95%CI 0.972-2.668) were independent risk factors in grade 1 WML group (all P＜0.05).The independent risk factors between grade 1 and 2 WML group were cognitive performance (OR 0.276,95%CI 0.143-0.532),cigarette history (OR 2.262,95% CI 1.260-4.059),and sylvian fissure ratio (SFR) (OR 1.954,95% CI 1.013-3.768) (all P＜0.05).The independent risk factors between the grade 2 WML group and control group were cognitive performance (OR 0.091,95%CI 0.030-0.273),bicoudate ratio (BCR)(OR 2.511,95%CI 1.147-5.499),Crouse score (OR 2.304,95%CI1.127-4.712)and LI numbers (OR 2.200,95%CI 1.028-4.707) (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Mild WML patients have no significant abnormalities in cognition,brain atrophy and cerebral atherosclerosis.Moderate to severe WML patients manifest remarkable cognitive disorder,cerebral atherosclerosis and brain atrophy.Compared with the controls,cognitive performance,BCR,Crouse score,LI numbers were the independent risk factors for moderate-severe WML patients.     

脑白质病变程度对认知功能的影响

摘要：目的探讨脑白质病变（WML）严重程度对认知功能的影响。方法收集2012年1月-2013年1月在首都医科大学电力教学医院经头部MRI诊断为WML的患者48例。应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）和简易精神状态量表（MMSE）对患者的认知功能进行测评,应用与年龄相关的脑白质改变分级量表（ARWMCRs）对WML的严重程度进行评分。根据ARWMCRs评分,将WML患者分为轻度组（〈7分）,和中重度组（≥7分）,比较两组患者的认知功能,并分析ARWMCRs评分与认知功能评分的相关性。结果@WML轻度组MoCA评分为（22．3±3．0）分,高于中重度组的（20．3±2．3）分,P〈0．01;两组MMSE评分差异无统计学意义。②多元逐步回归分析显示,ARWMCRs评分与MoCA（b=-0．105,P〈0．01）及MMSE评分（b=-0．057,P〈0．01）呈负相关。③Spearman相关分析显示,ARWMCRs评分与MoCA量表中的视觉空间执行功能（rs=-0．398）、即刻回忆（rs：-0．459）、注意力（rs：-0．332）、语言（rs=-0．184）、抽象（rs=-0．229）、延迟回忆（rs=-0．348）及分类提示（rs=-0．236）子项呈负相关,均P〈0．01;与MMSE评分量表中的计算力（rs=-0．235）、延迟回忆（rs=-0．294）及语言（rs=-0．423）子项呈负相关,均P〈0．01。结论WML严重程度对认知功能有影响,WML程度越严重,认知功能受损越重。     

White matter lesions as a feature of cognitive impairment, low vitality and other symptoms of geriatric syndrome in the elderly

Aim:   White matter lesions (WML) are common findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in elderly persons. In this study, we analyzed the relation of WML with global cognitive function, depression, vitality/volition, and 19 symptoms of geriatric syndrome in Japanese elderly patients who attended three university geriatric outpatient clinics.
Methods:   Two hundred and eighty-six subjects (103 men and 183 women; mean ± standard deviation age, 74.5 ± 7.8 years) were included in this study. MRI scans were performed for the diagnosis of WML, and the severity of periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities (PVH and DWMH) was rated semiquantitatively. Concurrently, all subjects underwent tests of cognitive function, depressive state and vitality, and were examined for 19 symptoms of geriatric syndrome.
Results:   The study subjects showed cognitive decline, depression and low vitality, all to a mild extent. Univariate linear regression analysis showed a negative correlation between the severity of WML and cognitive function or vitality. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that the severity of WML was a significant determinant of cognitive impairment and low vitality, after adjustment for confounding factors such as age, sex and concomitant diseases. PVH and/or DWMH score was significantly greater in subjects who exhibited 13 out of 19 symptoms of geriatric syndrome. Logistic regression analysis indicated that WML were associated with psychological disorders, gait disturbance, urinary problems and parkinsonism.
Conclusion:   WML were associated with various symptoms of functional decline in older persons. Evaluating WML in relation to functional decline would be important for preventing disability in elderly people.     

Decline in cognitive function and risk of elder self-neglect: finding from the Chicago Health Aging Project

OBJECTIVES: To examine the longitudinal association between decline in cognitive function and risk of elder self‐neglect in a community‐dwelling population. DESIGN: Prospective population‐based study. SETTING: Geographically defined community in Chicago. PARTICIPANTS: Community‐dwelling subjects reported to the social services agency from 1993 to 2005 for self‐neglect who also participated in the Chicago Health Aging Project (CHAP). Of the 5,519 participants in CHAP, 1,017 were reported to social services agency for suspected elder self‐neglect from 1993 to 2005. MEASUREMENTS: Social services agency identified reported elder self‐neglect. The primary predictor was decline in cognitive function assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (Executive Function), and immediate and delayed recall of the East Boston Memory Test (Episodic Memory). An index of global cognitive function scores was derived by averaging z‐scores of all tests. Outcome of interest was elder self‐neglect. Logistic and linear regression models were used to assess these longitudinal associations. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, decline in global cognitive function, MMSE score, and episodic memory were not independently associated with greater risk of reported and confirmed elder self‐neglect. Decline in executive function was associated with greater risk of reported and confirmed elder self‐neglect. Decline in global cognitive function was associated with greater risk of greater self‐neglect severity (parameter estimate=0.76, standard error=0.31, P=.01). CONCLUSION: Decline in executive function was associated with risk of reported and confirmed elder self‐neglect. Decline in global cognitive function was associated with risk of greater self‐neglect severity.     

低血压对老年人认知功能的影响

目的探讨低血压对老年人认知功能的影响。方法选择因头晕、头昏、乏力就诊的患者141例,通过问诊了解既往血压>5年的老年低血压患者(低血压组)67例,老年正常血压者(正常血压组)74例,所有受试者行蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)和简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)检测,以及头颅MRI和颈部血管超声检查。结果多因素logistic回归分析显示,低血压是认知功能障碍的危险因素(P=0.020)。与正常血压组比较,低血压组的MoCA、MMSE评分明显降低(P=0.000),MoCA的视空间与执行功能、注意、语言、抽象、延迟回忆评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义,MoCA和MMSE评分呈正相关(r=0.922,P<0.05)。与正常血压组比较,低血压组脑白质损害分级显著升高(P<0.01)。两组颈部血管超声比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低血压是认知功能障碍的危险因素,老年低血压患者认知功能较正常血压者下降。     

高龄缺血性脑白质损害患者的临床分析

目的探讨高龄缺血性脑白质损害患者的危险因素和临床特点。方法将248例>75岁的缺血性脑白质损害患者分为3组:轻度脑白质损害组(轻度损害组,88例)、中度脑白质损害组(中度损害组,104例)和重度脑白质损害组(重度损害组,56例)。采用logistic回归分析其危险因素,并对临床特征进行分析比较。结果轻度、中度和重度脑白质损害患者所占比例分别为35.5%、41.9%和22.6%;年龄和血压与脑白质损害程度相关;非特异性神经系统症状(34.7%)、运动功能减退(24.6%)和认知功能减退(21.4%)为主要就诊原因,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论年龄和高血压是脑白质损害的危险因素;运动和认知功能障碍是脑白质损害的重要临床特征。