疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法对120例急性脑梗死病人随机分为疏血通组（治疗组）：与复方丹参组（对照组），每组60例，两组治疗1个疗程后比较其疗效。结果疏血通组总有效率为93．3％，明显优于对照组的73．3％（P〈0．05）；治疗后两组临床神经功能缺损程度评分均较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．05）；治疗组治疗后血液流变学改善也较对照组明显（P〈0．05）。结论疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死有效、安全。     

疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法74例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组38例和对照组36例,治疗组予疏血通注射液4ml～6ml加入生理盐水250ml中静脉滴注,每日一次;对照组予丹参注射液20ml加入生理盐水250ml中静脉滴注,每日一次,两组疗程均为15天。进行治疗前后疗效观察。结果治疗组显效率为63.16%,总有效率为84.21%;对照组显效率为41.67%,总有效率为69.45%,治疗组优于对照组（P〈0.01）。在血液流变学各参数指标改善效果方面,治疗组亦显著优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论疏血通注射液对急性脑梗死有较好的疗效,值得推广。     

疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察疏血通治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法将116例脑梗死患者随机分为两组。治疗组应用疏血通注射液;对照组应用灯盏细辛注射液;疗程均为14 d。观察两组纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间及血液流变学指标,并进行神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）。结果治疗组治疗14 d后血浆纤维蛋白原浓度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度以及NIHSS均低于对照组（P均〈0.05）。结论疏血通治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效优于灯盏细辛,值得临床应用。     

疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的观察疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及治疗前后血液流变学变化.方法选择发病72 h内的急性脑梗死病人80例,随机分为两组,治疗组40例予疏血通注射液10 mL静脉输注;对照组40例予川芎嗪注射液0.16 g静脉输注.结果治疗组的总有效率为87.5%,显著高于对照组的67.5%（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组间血液流变学各指标比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著,且具有明显改善血液流变性的作用.     

舒血通注射液联合舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察疏血通注射液联合舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死（ACI）的临床疗效。方法将200例急性脑梗死患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,各100例。治疗组用疏血通注射液6mL、舒血宁注射液注射液20mL静脉输注,对照组采用舒血宁注射液注射液20mL静脉输注,两组均每日输注1次,14d为1个疗程。治疗结束后,分析两组患者神经功能缺损评分、临床疗效及安全性。结果治疗组神经功能缺损评分减少程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;对照组临总有效率为87%,治疗组总有效率67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组均无明显不良反应。结论疏血通注射液联合舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死临床效果显著,无明显不良反应。     

依达拉奉联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察依达拉奉联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法将60例急性脑梗死患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,各30例。两组患者入院后常规应用抗血小板聚集药物,并根据病情使用降压、降糖药物及脱水剂等治疗。在上述治疗的基础上,治疗组给予依达拉奉静脉输注,2次/日;疏血通注射液静脉输注,1次/日。对照组单用疏血通注射液静脉输注,1次/日。两组均以14d为1个疗程。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率为90.0%,对照组总有效率为73.3%,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗后14d、21d,治疗组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分与对照组比较明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论依达拉奉联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著,且无明显不良反应。     

丁苯酞软胶囊联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察丁苯酞软胶囊联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性.方法 选择急性脑梗死患者120例,随机分为治疗组60例,对照组60例,治疗组给予丁苯酞软胶囊联合疏血通注射液治疗,对照组仅用疏血通注射液治疗.结果 治疗14d后治疗组总有效率为96.67%,高于对照组的70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 丁苯酞软胶囊联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著且安全,值得临床推广.     

疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效.方法对120例急性脑梗死病人随机分为两组:疏血通组(治疗组)68例,维脑路通组(对照组)52例,两组治疗1个疗程后比较疗效.结果疏血通组总有效率为94.12%,明显优于对照组75.00%(P＜0.01);治疗后神经系统症状和体征明显改善(P＜0.01);疏血通治疗组治疗后血液流变学改善也非常明显(P＜0.01).结论疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死有效、安全.     

纤溶酶联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察纤溶酶联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选择临床已诊断为急性脑梗死的病例80例,随机分为纤溶酶联合疏血通注射液组(治疗组)与疏血通注射液组(对照组),每组40例,疗程均为14d。对患者治疗前后进行神经功能缺损程度评分和临床疗效比较。结果治疗组临床疗效90.0%,明显较对照组疗效70.0%显著。治疗后两组神经功能功能缺损评分比较有统计学意义,且无明显不良反应。结论纤溶酶联合疏血通注射液可改善脑梗死患神经功能缺损。     

长春西汀联合疏血通治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察长春西汀联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 选择临床确诊为急性脑梗死病人192例,随机分为长春西汀联合疏血通注射液治疗组(治疗组)与疏血通注射液治疗组(对照组),每组96例,疗程均为14 d.观察治疗前和治疗后进行神经功能缺损程度评分和临床疗效比较.结果 治疗组总有效率为94.8%,对照组总有效率为80.2%,治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05),且无明显不良反应.结论 长春西汀联合疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死效果显著,且无明显不良反应,使用方便、安全.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.