眼压与吸烟习惯及红细胞压积值的相互关系

高血压病是白内障最重要的危险因素之一。近年来报道认为，高血压病、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒等身体因素和生活习惯与眼压有关联。其中高血压病和肥胖对眼压的影响机制至今意见不一，吸烟和饮酒与眼压上升机制尚不明了。本文对眼压与吸烟及红细胞压积（Ht）的相互关系进行了研究。     

不同检测系统红细胞、血红蛋白及红细胞压积测定结果的可比性研究

[目的]为了提高不同血细胞分析仪红细胞、血红蛋白及红细胞压积测定结果的准确性和可比性。[方法]以校准合格的Beckman Culter GEN-S2血细胞分析仪为参考仪器,利用参考仪器测定红细胞、血红蛋白及红细胞压积结果分别在一定范围的新鲜全血为校准质控全血,对Abbott Cell Dyn 3700SL血细胞分析仪进行校准,比较两台仪器测定患者样本的结果。[结果]使用红细胞数为3.53×1012/L、3.97×1012/L、4.98×1012/L、5.38×1012/L,血红蛋白浓度为120.7g/L、129.4g/L、139.0g/L,红细胞压积为0.37、0.40、0.43的校准质控全血,分别对CD3700SL血细胞分析仪进行校准,两台仪器检测患者样本的结果差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]使用参考仪器测定红细胞数为3.5～5.38×1012/L、血红蛋白浓度为120.7～139.0g/L、红细胞压积为0.37～0.43的新鲜校准质控全血,对其他血细胞分析仪进行校准,可以明显提高不同血细胞检测系统红细胞、血红蛋白及红细胞压积测定结果的准确性和可比性。     

用Hb—Ⅲ血红蛋白计测定婴幼儿血红蛋白及微量法测定红细胞压积

1993年,笔者在对嘉善县陶庄镇千余名婴幼儿采用Hb一Ⅲ血红蛋白计测定Hb,微量法测定HCT及用微热沉淀祛测定FIBG,结果如下.     

广州中老年人血红蛋白和红细胞压积与高血压的相关性研究

目的 分析中老年人血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)和红细胞压积(hematocrit,HCT)与高血压的相关性,为防控来自血液粘度增高的高血压风险提供科学参考.方法 基于"广州生物库队列研究"平台,选取24 944名50岁及以上非地中海贫血的广州居民,基线调查收集年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、个人收入、吸烟、饮酒...     

胎儿生长受限与脐血流比值及孕妇红细胞压积的关系研究

目的探讨胎儿生长受限与脐血流比值及孕妇红细胞压积的关系。方法选取广州医学院附属深圳沙井人民医院2009年1月至2013年8月诊治的胎儿生长受限孕妇73例为观察组,选取本院同期正常孕妇74例为对照组,均行脐血流比值及孕妇红细胞压积检测,分析两组孕妇的孕期合并症,比较两组孕妇及胎儿的妊娠结局,分析胎儿生长受限与脐血流比值及孕妇红细胞压积的相关性。结果随着孕周的增加,脐血流比值呈现出降低的趋势,但观察组孕妇胎儿脐血流比值在32~42周均明显高于对照组;观察组孕妇妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压疾病、产后出血、泌尿系统感染、胎盘早剥发生率及剖宫产率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组早产、胎儿窘迫、新生儿低体重及新生儿窒息发生率均明显高于对照组(P0.05),胎儿生长受限与脐血流比值、孕妇红细胞压积呈明显的正相关性(P0.05)。结论胎儿生长受限与脐血流比值及孕妇红细胞压积关系密切,血液浓缩与脐血流阻力增加会进一步加剧胎儿生长受限,会直接影响到孕妇及胎儿的妊娠结局。     

胎儿生长受限与脐血流及红细胞压积的关系探讨

目的 评价胎儿生长受限与脐血流及红细胞压积的关系,探讨适当扩容营养治疗及静滴硫酸镁在治疗胎儿生长受限的作用.方法 将100例入院诊断为胎儿生长受限的孕妇,予静滴葡萄糖、能量合剂、复方丹参注射液、复方氨基酸等扩容及静滴硫酸镁治疗.彩色多普勒监测治疗前后脐血流S/D比值及红细胞压积,B超监测胎儿生长情况,观察新生儿体重.结果 经扩容营养、静滴硫酸镁治疗后红细胞压积由增高降至正常,脐血流S/D比值下降,胎儿双顶径增加,羊水量增大,新生儿体重范围为2500～3200 g.结论 胎儿生长受限与血红细胞增高、血液浓缩、脐血流阻力增加有密切关系,故治疗胎儿生长受限通过适当扩容营养治疗,适当静滴硫酸镁可改善脐血流及胎盘功能,有利于胎儿对营养物质的吸收,对治疗胎儿生长受限有着积极有效的作用.     

红细胞压积对环孢霉素浓度检测影响的研究

目的探讨不同红细胞压积对环孢霉素浓度的影响。方法用六个不同压积的全血,将环孢霉素标准液加入上述血液中,使每个压积的血液含有高低两种不同浓度的环孢霉素,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和酶联免疫分析比色法(EMIA)两种方法测定不同红细胞压积中环孢霉素的血药浓度。结果随着红细胞压积的增大,环孢霉素的回收率逐渐增高,高效液相色谱法在100ng/ml环孢霉素检测的最高平均回收率为110.6%,最低平均回收率为77.2%;在400ng/ml环孢霉素检测的最高平均回收率为114.9%,最低为82.0%;酶联免疫分析比色法在100ng/ml环孢霉素检测的最高平均回收率为115.1%,最低为80.4%;在400ng/ml环孢霉素检测的最高平均回收率为119.1%,最低为85.4%。且高效液相色谱法比免疫学方法测得的环孢霉素浓度低。结论两种方法具有良好的相关性,且高效液相色谱法低于免疫分析法;红细胞压积对环孢霉素浓度影响因素较大。     

妊娠高血压综合征对血脂和红细胞压积影响分析

目的妊娠高血压综合征(pregnancy induced hypertension,PIH)是目前引起孕产妇和胎婴儿死亡的常见原因,与血脂水平、滋养细胞、遗传、免疫和血管内皮异常等情况相关。本研究探讨PIH对血脂四项即血清三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C),以及红细胞压积(hematocrit,HCT)的影响。方法选取东港市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心2016-10-01-2017-09-30收治的118例PIH孕妇作为研究对象,根据PIH病情严重程度分为轻度PIH组(61例)和重度PIH组(57例),并选择同期行健康体检的正常孕妇60名作为对照组。采用东芝120全自动生化分析仪对3组孕妇TG、CHOL、HDL-C和LDL-C进行检测,采用迈瑞BC-3000Plus血细胞分析仪对3组孕妇进行HCT检测,分析3组TG、CHOL、HDL-C、LDL-C和HCT检测结果的差异。结果重度PIH组、轻度PIH组和对照组TG水平分别为(1.29±0.37)、(2.07±0.58)和(2.72±0.99)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义,F=63.190,P0.001;CHOL水平分别为(4.52±0.23)、(6.35±1.29)和(7.27±1.78)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义,F=71.989,P0.001;HDL-C水平分别为(1.68±0.16)、(2.67±0.77)和(2.31±1.09)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义,F=25.595,P0.001;LDL-C水平分别为(2.31±0.73)、(3.42±1.54)和(4.08±1.35)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义,F=29.834,P0.001;3组HCT水平分别为(39.77±4.51)%、(30.93±3.42)%和(29.61±3.24)%,差异有统计学意义,F=127.37,P0.001。结论 PIH病情对血脂四项和HCT水平有影响,对其监测有利于指导临床医生对PIH的诊断和治疗。     

重型颅脑损伤患者去骨瓣减压前后红细胞压积差值对预后的影响

目的探索行去骨瓣减压术的重型颅脑损伤患者手术前后红细胞压积差值对1个月内预后的影响及其影响因素。 方法选取2013至2017年在汕头大学医学院第二附属医院急诊科及神经外科救治的重型颅脑损伤且行去骨瓣减压术的142例患者进行回顾性研究,其中男性106例,女性36例;年龄18～74岁,平均(43.68±13.93)岁。多因素逻辑回归分析影响患者1个月内短期预后的因素,用ROC曲线定量分析手术前后红细胞压积差值对患者短期预后的影响,多元线性回归分析影响手术前后红细胞压积差值的因素。 结果患者1个月内的病死率为29.62%(41/142),多因素逻辑回归分析发现年龄(OR 1.070 [95% CI 1.026～1.116],P<0.05)、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)(OR 0.701 [95% CI 0.549～0.894],P<0.05)、术后红细胞压积(OR 0.841 [95% CI 0.723～0.979],P<0.05)和手术前后红细胞压积差值(OR 1.246 [95% CI 1.056～1.471],P<0.05)是影响患者短期预后的独立危险因素。多因素线性回归分析发现损伤严重度评分(ISS)(β＝0.263,P<0.05)、术前红细胞压积(β＝0.373,P<0.05),手术时间(β＝1.268,P<0.05)、术中晶体输入量(β＝0.002,P<0.05)和术中胶体输入量(β＝0.002,P<0.05)是影响手术前后红细胞压积差值变化的独立影响因素。ROC曲线上手术前后红细胞压积差值的最佳预测值是14%(敏感度76.2%,特异度26.0%,曲线下面积0.792),手术前后红细胞压积差值>14%的患者,病死率高达43%。 结论手术前后红细胞压积差值是影响重型颅脑损伤患者短期预后的独立危险因素,通过控制手术时间或术前适当稀释血液等方法减少手术前后红细胞压积差值,可能对患者的短期预后有益。     

红细胞对全血黏度的影响

目的 研究血流变常规指标,全血黏度与血沉、红细胞压积、红细胞形态间的关系及临床应用.方法 对笔者所在医院456例血流变检测资料进行回顾性分析,根据全血黏度结果分为髙黏组、低黏组、正常组.结果 全血黏度、红细胞压积、血沉各组变化均有统计学意义（ P ＜0.01）.结论 红细胞压积、血沉等参数的改变都会对全血黏度造成直接影响.     

一种用于激光治疗仪的红外传感器温度检测和报警装置

目的：设计一种应用在新型激光治疗仪器中的测温报警电路装置。方法：选用可编程Flash的8位AVR微控制器ATmega8L、TPS334红外传感器等电子元件设计电路。结果：可用于非接触地测量光纤支架的温度,并在温度异常时发送报警信号。结论：该装置测温准确,工作稳定,有很大的实用价值。     

经济型医疗器械检测平台方案探讨

根据医疗器械检定检测的迫切要求,本文提出了三种与计算机相结合,分别基于虚拟仪器平台、平台和单片机平台的经济型的检测方案,这些方案组建简单,成本低廉,分析功能强大,能够满足大部分医疗器械常规参数的检定要求.     

Creating an Altitude-Adjusted Hematocrit Reference Standard for Adults 18-40 Years of Age in China

This study was conducted to provide a scientific basis for development of a unified hematocrit reference standard for young adults (i.e., 18-40 yr of age) in China. Hematocrit values for healthy young adults (n = 34,383 men and 24,040 women) were collected in accordance with the Wintrobe method. The author used correlation and regression analyses to investigate the relationship between hematocrit values and altitude. Hematocrit values increased gradually with altitude, and the relationship was statistically significant (p 0.01). It was determined that regression equations could be used to calculate hematocrit reference standards for healthy male and female adults in the aforementioned age group, provided that the mean altitude of a region was used in the analysis. The author offers examples that represent 3 regions of China characterized by different mean altitudes: (1) Qingzang District (4,000-m altitude), Central District (2,000-1,000 m), and Eastern District (< 500 m).     

心电监护仪电压、扫描速度测量不确定度评定与表示

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》及JJG760-2003《心电监护仪》检定规程对心电监护仪电压、扫描速度测量不确定度进行了评定与分析。     

便携式医用激光源检定装置的研制及测量不确定度评定

目的：设计研制便携式医用激光源检定装置。方法：该装置设计由毫瓦级激光功率探测器、瓦级激光功率探测器、激光能量探测器、激光功率/能量显示器、激光输出终端锁定装置等5部分组成。3个探测器共用一台显示器以实现便携目的。激光输出终端锁定装置用于固定激光终端和探测器的相对位置,以便于在医疗单位现场开展测量工作。对检定装置进行了性能测试和不确定度评定。结果：研制出便携式医用激光源检定装置1套,3个探测器可测量的激光功率、能量范围分别为0.1～100mW、0.1～150W、0.01～2.0J,在校准波长上的测量不确定度为1.5%、2.6%和3.3%。结论：研制的便携式医用激光源检定装置性能达到了设计指标要求,适合于在医疗单位现场开展检定工作。     

X线机高压测量分析仪的研制

目的：设计和研制X线机高压测量分析仪,用于X线机的维修检测和计量检定以及对新设备的验收,确保X线机高压输出的准确和稳定。方法：系统由高压分压电路、阻抗转换电路、数据采集、USB接口和计算机等5部分组成。通过高压分压电路取得高压发生器的分压信号,经阻抗转换电路将信号输入到数据采集系统,再由USB接口输入到计算机,实现信号的实时显示、存储、分析和计算。结果：该系统能够实现快速、实时的数据采集,并能够实时显示数据波形,计算X线机输出高压的参数,对X线机进行实时测试,符合设计要求。结论：通过对X线机的高压进行测试,验证该仪器信号采集精度高,计算结果精确;由于该研究的降压部件体积小、质量小、携带方便,而且作为上位机的计算机已在医院普及,容易实现系统配套,成本低,可作为医院质量控制的检测装置。     

骨密度测量仪器临床应用与管理

目的：探讨美国GE双能量iDXA骨密度仪应用质量控制及管理经验。方法：通过培训使每位操作者都能了解设备的工作原理,掌握设备的使用方法并对42例患者进行了腰椎及左髋关节骨密度测量。结果：42例骨密度测量患者骨质疏松37例。结论：在使用中熟练准确掌握仪器的操作流程,能提高骨密度测量结果的准确率。     

口腔正畸模型计算机辅助测量分析系统的研究

利用CCD数字图像获取技术采集牙模的数字图像,基于Windows平台及其Visual C 6.0开发工具,借助于MS SQL Server数据库技术对牙模图像的数据进行维护和管理,研究与开发了口腔正畸模型的计算机辅助测量分析系统。系统设计主要以牙弓形态测量与分析为基础,针对口腔正畸临床诊断及临床操作的需要而进行的。系统包括三个子系统,分别是牙模型的病历管理系统、测量系统和分析系统。研究结果表明,研究开发的口腔正畸模型计算机辅助测量分析系统具有重要的口腔诊疗临床使用价值。     

The Diet Quality Index Revised: A Measurement Instrument for Populations

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a revision of the Diet Quality Index called the Diet Quality Index Revised (DQI-R). DESIGN: The original Diet Quality Index was revised to reflect current dietary guidance, to incorporate improved methods of estimating food servings, and to develop and incorporate measures of dietary variety and moderation. The scoring of the original scale was reversed in direction and expanded to a 100-point scale to improve interpretability. METHODS/SUBJECTS: Data from the 1994 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals were used. A sample of 3,202 adults aged 18 and older contributed 2 days of dietary intake data based on 24-hour recalls for the development and revision of various components of the DQI-R. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Pearson correlation analyses, ordinary least squares regression analyses, and a nonparametric test to determine trends across ordered groups were used. RESULTS: The mean DQI-R score for the 1994 sample was 63.4 of a possible 100-point score. Sample respondents were more likely to have met dietary guidance in the areas of dietary cholesterol (66.9% met goal) and iron intakes (59.6% met goal) relative to the Recommended Dietary Allowances but less likely to have met goals related to fruit servings (19.6% met goal), grain servings (23.1% met goal), and calcium intakes (16.6% met goal) relative to the Recommended Dietary Allowance. There is a statistically significant quantitative and qualitative improvement in all components of the DQI-R as one moves from the lowest grouping of scores to the highest. For example, persons with DQI-R scores less than 40 consumed 43.9% of energy from fat, 72% of the Adequate Intake for calcium, and 6.7% of the recommended servings of fruit per day. In contrast, those with DQI-R scores greater than 80 consumed 24.2% of energy from fat, 101% of the Adequate Intake for calcium, and 137% of the recommended servings of fruit per day. APPLICATIONS: The DQI-R reflects the dietary guidance principles of macronutrient distribution, moderation, variety, and proportionality. Although the index was designed to monitor dietary changes in populations rather than individuals, each index component reflects an aspect of national dietary guidance. Calculation of DQI-R scores for an individual should provide an estimate of diet quality relative to national guidelines, and differences in scores over time should suggest improvement or decline in overall diet quality.     

Association of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels during Pregnancy and Maternal Dietary Iron Intake with Allergic Diseases in Children: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Few epidemiologic studies have examined the role of maternal iron status in allergic diseases in offspring and findings have been inconsistent. We used a large birth cohort in Japan to explore the association of the markers for maternal iron status (maternal hemoglobin, hematocrit and dietary iron intake during pregnancy) with allergy development in offspring during early childhood. We analyzed information on children age 0–3 years from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). We used logistic models and generalized estimating equation models to evaluate the effect of maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and dietary iron intake on allergies in children. Models were also fitted with propensity score-matched datasets. Data were collected for a total of 91,247 mother–child pairs. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of low hemoglobin and hematocrit was 14.0% (13.7–14.2%) and 12.5% (12.3–12.8%), respectively. After adjusting confounders, low hemoglobin and hematocrit during pregnancy were not associated with childhood allergic outcomes. Findings from models with propensity score-matched datasets also indicated that children born to mothers with low hemoglobin or hematocrit levels during pregnancy did not have a higher risk of developing allergic conditions at 3 years old. We found no meaningful associations between low energy adjusted maternal dietary iron intake and allergies in children. In conclusion, using birth cohort data, we found no evidence supporting an association of low maternal hemoglobin, hematocrit and low dietary iron intake with allergy symptoms during early childhood. Further studies with more suitable proxy markers for blood iron status are needed.