牡荆素抗豚鼠哮喘活性研究

目的研究牡荆素对豚鼠在体和离体气管平滑肌的舒张作用，并对其作用机制进行探讨。方法建立豚鼠哮喘模型，采用豚鼠离体气管条法，观察牡荆素对豚鼠气管平滑肌的舒张作用。结果牡荆素在测试剂量范围内灌胃给药1h后，能够显著延长豚鼠引喘潜伏期，组间差值比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）；对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌基础张力无明显影响；对乙酰胆碱、氯化钾、组胺诱发的气管收缩具有明显的舒张作用；同时，吲哚美辛预孵育能够明显减少牡荆素对离体气管条的舒张作用。结论牡荆素具有明显的平喘和舒张气管平滑肌作用．其作用机制可能与促进前列腺素合成有关。     

复方地龙汤对变态反应性哮喘的影响

目的：探讨复方地龙汤抗动物变态反应性哮喘的作用。方法：采用组胺喷雾致豚鼠哮喘法：致敏豚鼠离体气管平滑肌过敏性收缩实验法；离体气管片法：肺支气管灌流法进行试验。结果：复方地龙汤水煎液对喷入组胺致喘的豚鼠。能使其哮喘潜伏期延长（P〈0．01）；能使致敏豚鼠离体气管平滑肌过敏性收缩有非常显著的抑制作用（P〈0．01）；在抗组胺实验中，对给予组胺后的豚鼠离体气管片有非常显著的舒张作用（P〈0．01）；使肺支气管灌流速度加快，灌流量增加（P〈0．01）。结论：复方地龙汤求煎液对由各种过敏递质引起的哮喘．有显著的抑制作用。这可能是因为其对在体、离体气管平滑肌均有松弛作用．并拮抗组胺等过敏递质对气道的炎性反应和具有激动体内β-受体和免疫系统。从而发挥其作用的。     

川芎嗪注射液对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌作用机制探讨

目的 :研究川芎嗪对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用及机制。方法 :取豚鼠气管制成气管片 ,用体外实验方法分别记录川芎嗪对豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用以及在钙通道和不同受体阻断剂孵育的条件下对豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用的变化。结果 :川芎嗪对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌有明显的舒张作用 (P <0 .0 1) ,呈剂量依赖性 (10 -5.5～ 10 -3 mol·L-1) ,其作用可以被普萘洛尔 (心得安 )所拮抗 ;其与硝苯地平有协同舒张气管平滑肌的作用 ;M受体阻滞剂阿托品对川芎嗪的作用无明显影响。结论 :川芎嗪对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌有明显的舒张作用 ,其机制很可能是通过作用于气管平滑肌上的 β2 受体 ,抑制细胞外Ca2 的内流而导致气管平滑肌的舒张。     

薯蓣皂苷元衍生物的制备及对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌的作用

目的 研究薯蓣皂苷元及其衍生物的制备及对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌的作用.方法 采用酰化和还原的方法合成衍生物;药理学实验在豚鼠离体气管模型上进行.结果 合成了11个薯蓣皂苷元衍生物(化合物Ⅰ～Ⅺ);薯蓣皂苷元及其衍生物对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌都有不同程度的舒张作用.结论 经1HNMR、13CNMR鉴定了所合成衍生物的结构;首次发现薯蓣皂苷元对离体豚鼠气管条有舒张作用,其3位的结构修饰可以提高其活性.     

左旋沙丁胺醇抑制豚鼠气道平滑肌收缩的实验研究

目的评价左旋沙丁胺醇(R-Salbutamol,R-Sal)对组胺(histamine,His)诱发的豚鼠离体气管条和肺条收缩功能的影响。方法制备豚鼠离体气管条和肺条标本,以定量药理学方法测定10-8、10-7、10-6mol·L-1剂量的R-Sal孵育前后对His诱发的离体标本的收缩反应的舒张作用,并与10-6mol·L-1剂量的Sal进行比较。结果R-Sal可显著抑制His所引起的豚鼠离体气管和肺条的收缩反应,呈剂量依赖性,其作用强于Sal(P<0.01)。结论R-Sal对His诱发的豚鼠离体气管条和肺条的收缩反应具明显的舒张作用。     

一氧化氮供体型塞曲司特衍生物的设计、合成和抗哮喘活性

目的寻找新型抗哮喘药物。方法以抗哮喘药塞曲司特(SD)为母核，将不同类型的一氧化氮(NO)供体, 包括噁三唑类、n-羟基胍类和呋咱氮氧化合物类与其相偶联；通过对乙酰胆碱-组胺所致豚鼠哮喘的抑制作用来评价偶联物的抗哮喘活性；研究偶联物的NO释放作用。结果合成了9个未见文献报道的目标化合物I1~9，结构经IR，NMR，MS及元素分析确证。初步药理试验表明，目标化合物I2~7和I9具有显著的抗哮喘活性(引喘潜伏期由SD的10 s延长到26~62 s)，其中I₄,I₆,I₇的活性强于SD(_P<0.05,_P<0.01)，体外释放NO的C_max分别为0.187 8,0.139 3和0.247 3 mg·L^-1。结论NO供体型塞曲司特衍生物具有进一步研究的价值。     

白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂与气道高反应性关系的研究

目的 :探讨白细胞介素 1受体拮抗剂 (IL 1ra)与哮喘的气道高反应性 (AHR)的关系。方法 :正常豚鼠 ,先腹腔注射卵清蛋白 (OA)致敏而后雾化吸入OA激发豚鼠哮喘 (哮喘组 ) ,激发前 30min静脉注射IL 1ra 1mg·kg-1(哮喘 IL 1ra组 ) ,测定豚鼠的气道反应性 (组胺的PC2 0 值 ) ,并收集支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)进行细胞总数计数及分类记数。结果 :哮喘 IL 1ra组PC2 0 值与对照组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,显著高于哮喘组 (P <0 .0 1) ;BALF中的中性粒细胞 (NES)的百分比显著低于哮喘组 (P <0 .0 1)。所有豚鼠均存在 IgPC2 0 值与BALF中的NES的百分比呈正相关 (r =0 .95 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :IL 1ra能降低AHR ,其机制可能与IL 1ra减少NES的浸润有关     

伪麻黄碱与麻黄碱对豚鼠气管条的快速耐受作用

目的：研究交叉应用伪麻黄碱和麻黄碱后,豚鼠气管条的快速耐受作用。方法：采用豚鼠气管条离体实验,结果：两碱交叉应用后,其舒张豚鼠气管条的曲线上计算出的PD2值均显著减小（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。结论：交叉应用伪麻黄碱与麻黄碱对豚鼠气管条产生快耐受性。     

新型KATP开放剂iptakalim对豚鼠哮喘模型气道反应性及其结构的影响

目的 :研究新型KATP 通道开放剂 (KATPCO )iptakalim对哮喘豚鼠气道重塑、气道高反应性的作用。方法 :卵蛋白 (OA)制作哮喘模型 ,地塞米松组在吸入OA前先给予地塞米松 ;iptakalim高剂量治疗组和低剂量治疗组每天吸入OA前分别灌胃给Ipt0 .75mg·kg-1和 1.5mg·kg-1。用多道生理记录仪记录豚鼠气管螺旋条对不同浓度组织胺的收缩反应性 ;用图像分析仪测定细支气管内周长 (PI)、管壁面积 (WA)、管壁平滑肌面积 (SA) ,PI对WA、SA进行标准化 ,分别以WA PI、SA PI表示。结果 :组织胺可使各组豚鼠气管螺旋条产生剂量依赖性收缩。哮喘组豚鼠气管螺旋条对组织胺的收缩反应明显高于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;iptakalim(灌服 ) 0 .75、1.5mg·kg-1均具有同雾化吸入地塞米松相似的降低气管螺旋条收缩反应效果 (P >0 .0 5 )。对无软骨且平滑肌成环的细支气管图像分析显示 ,哮喘组豚鼠支气管壁面积 (2 9.8± 4 .5 μm2 ·μm-1)及支气管平滑肌面积(11.7± 4 .7μm2 ·μm-1)较正常对照组 (13.2± 5 .7,4 .4± 2 .1μm2 ·μm-1)增大 (P <0 .0 1) ,iptakalim使豚鼠管壁厚度和平滑肌厚度明显下降 ,与正常组比较差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :口服新型KATP 通道开放剂iptakalim可抑制哮喘豚鼠气道高反应性和气道壁的重构。     

盐酸氮(艹卓)斯汀对豚鼠实验性哮喘的作用及其机理研究

目的 :观察盐酸氮 艹卓 斯汀 (azelastinehydrochlo ride ,AZ)对豚鼠实验性哮喘的作用 ,并探讨其作用机制。方法 :采用组胺和乙酰胆碱诱发在体豚鼠实验性哮喘模型 ,观察AZ的整体作用 ;采用豚鼠离体气管螺旋条 ,观察AZ对组胺所致的豚鼠离体气管螺旋条痉挛的拮抗作用。结果 :AZ能够剂量依赖性地拮抗组胺和乙酰胆碱的引喘作用 ,明显延长引喘潜伏期 ,显著减少抽搐动物发生率 ,其ED50 为 0 .2 16mg·kg-1,95 %可信限为 0 .2 14～ 0 .2 19mg·kg-1。AZ可剂量依赖性地拮抗组胺对离体气管平滑肌的收缩作用 ,使组胺量效曲线平行右移 ,其pA2 值为 8.99。结论 :预先给予AZ能显著拮抗组胺和乙酰胆碱所诱发的在体豚鼠实验性哮喘 ,抑制组胺所致的气管螺旋条收缩     

Evaluation of the relaxant effects of SCA40, a novel charybdotoxin-sensitive potassium channel opener, in guinea-pig isolated trachealis.

1. Experiments have been performed in order to analyse the mechanism whereby SCA40, a new imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivative relaxes airway smooth muscle. 2. SCA40 (0.01-10 microM) caused a complete and concentration-dependent relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea contracted with 20 mM KCl but failed to inhibit completely the spasmogenic effects of 80 mM KCl. 3. Quinine (30 microM) antagonized the relaxant activity of SCA40 in 20 mM KCl-contracted guinea-pig isolated trachea. The ATP-sensitive K(+)-channel blocker, glibenclamide (3 microM), did not antagonize the relaxant activity of SCA40 in either 20 mM KCl or 1 microM carbachol-contracted isolated trachea. 4. SCA40 (0.01-10 microM) and isoprenaline (0.1 nM-10 microM) caused a complete and concentration-dependent relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea contracted with carbachol 1 microM. 5. The large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channel blocker, charybdotoxin (60-180 nM), non-competitively antagonized the relaxant activity of isoprenaline on 1 microM carbachol-contracted trachea. The inhibition was characterized by rightward shifts of the isoprenaline concentration-relaxation curves with depression of their maxima. 6. The relaxant activity of SCA40 in 1 microM carbachol-contracted trachea was antagonized by charybdotoxin (60-600 nM) in an apparently competitive manner. The concentration-relaxation curves to SCA40 were shifted to the right with no significant alteration in the maximum response. 7. It is concluded that SCA40 is a novel potassium channel opener which is a potent relaxant of guinea-pig airway smooth muscle in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Preparation and antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic activities of verticinone's derivatives.

To prepare verticinone derivatives with significant antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic activities, the compounds 3beta-acetylverticinone (1), 3-ketoverticinone (2), 3beta-benzoylverticinone (3), 3beta-propionylverticinone (4), 3beta-butyrylverticinone (5), and 3beta-butoxycarbonylverticinone (6) have been prepared. All of these are new compounds. Among them, 1-6 exhibited potent antitussive and expectorant activities; 1 and 3-6 displayed various antiasthmatic activities. The antitussive activity of 1-6, the expectorant activity of 1-2 and 4-6, and the antiasthmatic activity of 1 are higher than those of verticinone. The results demonstrated that 1 had dominant biological activities, suggesting that it would be a potential antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic agent.     

Preparation and antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic activities of verticinone's derivatives

To prepare verticinone derivatives with significant antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic activities, the compounds 3beta-acetylverticinone (1), 3-ketoverticinone (2), 3beta-benzoylverticinone (3), 3beta-propionylverticinone (4), 3beta-butyrylverticinone (5), and 3beta-butoxycarbonylverticinone (6) have been prepared. All of these are new compounds. Among them, 1-6 exhibited potent antitussive and expectorant activities; 1 and 3-6 displayed various antiasthmatic activities. The antitussive activity of 1-6, the expectorant activity of 1-2 and 4-6, and the antiasthmatic activity of 1 are higher than those of verticinone. The results demonstrated that 1 had dominant biological activities, suggesting that it would be a potential antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic agent.     

Tracheal relaxing effects and beta2 adrenoceptor selectivity of S1319, a novel sponge-derived bronchodilator agent, in isolated guinea-pig tissues.

1. S1319 (4-hydroxy-7-[1-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino)ethyl]-1, 3-benzothiazol-2(3H)-one acetate), a novel non-catecholamine beta-adrenoceptor agonist, has been compared with isoprenaline, salbutamol and formoterol for activity in vitro on a range of beta-adrenoceptor containing preparations from guinea-pig. 2. S1319, like isoprenaline, salbutamol and formoterol, relaxed preparations of guinea-pig trachea (contracted by histamine) in a concentration-dependent manner. The relaxing activity of S1319 appeared to be more potent than that of isoprenaline and salbutamol, and similar to that of formoterol (pD2 values of 10.58+/-0.03 vs 7. 60+/-0.01, 7.50+/-0.01 and 10.52+/-0.04, respectively), and was blocked by the beta2-adrenoceptor selective antagonist (ICI 118,551). The intrinsic activity of S1319 was close to 1.0. 3. In the beta1-adrenoceptor containing preparations, guinea-pig right and left atria, a monophasic inotropic response of S1319 was observed. The pD2 value of S1319 for left atrial and right atrial inotropism was 6.70+/-0.15 and 7.81+/-0.01, respectively. 4. The selectivity ratio (trachea/left atrial inotropism) of S1319, formoterol, salbutamol and isoprenaline was 8523, 284, 4.8 and 0.45, respectively. The relative selectivity ratio of S1319 was 18743, 1858 and 30 times greater than that of isoprenaline, salbutamol and formoterol, respectively. 5. Relaxant responses of guinea-pig trachea to S1319 declined rapidly when the agonist was washed from the tissues, with complete recovery within 30 min. The duration of action of S1319 was similar to that of isoprenaline and less than that of salbutamol and formoterol. 6. In summary, S1319, a sponge-derived beta-adrenoceptor agonist, is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist with a short-duration of action in isolated guinea-pig tracheas.     

Salmeterol, a novel, long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist: characterization of pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo.

1. Salmeterol, a novel, long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist, has been compared with isoprenaline and salbutamol for activity in vitro on a range of beta-adrenoceptor containing preparations from laboratory animals and man, and in vivo for bronchodilator activity in the conscious guinea-pig. 2. Salmeterol, like isoprenaline and salbutamol, relaxed preparations of both guinea-pig trachea (contracted by prostaglandin (PG)F2alpha or electrical stimulation) and human bronchus (contracted by PGF 2 alpha) in a concentration-related fashion. Salmeterol was of similar potency to isoprenaline and more potent than salbutamol on both airway preparations. 3. Relaxant responses of superfused guinea-pig trachea and human bronchus to isoprenaline and salbutamol declined rapidly when the agonists were washed from the tissues, with complete recovery within 10 min, whereas responses to salmeterol were more persistent. In electrically-stimulated guinea-pig trachea preparations, inhibition by salmeterol persisted for periods of up to 12h, despite continuous superfusion with agonist-free medium. However, these persistent responses were rapidly and fully reversed by the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, propranolol (0.1 microM). In further studies on guinea-pig trachea, propranolol caused concentration-related parallel, rightward shifts of salmeterol concentration-effect curves, yielding a pA2 of 9.0. The slope of the Schild plot was 1.02. 4. Another beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, sotalol (10 microM), also fully and rapidly reversed established submaximal responses to salmeterol in superfused guinea-pig trachea. However, after administration of sotalol was stopped, the antagonism waned, and salmeterol responses were reasserted without the addition of further agonist. 5. In the beta 1-adrenoceptor containing preparation, rat left atria, isoprenaline exhibited potent, concentration-related, positive inotropic activity, whereas salbutamol and salmeterol were at least 2000-5000 fold less potent, and appeared to be partial agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Activities of caffeine, theophylline, and enprofylline analogs as tracheal relaxants

A variety of xanthines cause tracheal relaxation, an activity predictive of antiasthmatic potential. Structural analogs of caffeine, theophylline, and enprofylline were examined for their abilities to relax carbamylcholine-stimulated guinea pig trachea in vitro. All caffeine analogs tested were more potent than caffeine (EC50 = 551 +/- 81 microM) except the 8-p-sulfophenyl analog. 1,3,7-Tripropylxanthine and 1,3,7-tripropargylxanthine were among the more potent analogs with EC50 values of 12 +/- 1.3 and 65 +/- 11 microM respectively. Increasing the polarity at the 1- or 3-position by substituting a propargyl group for an n-propyl group decreased relaxant activity, an effect not observed at the 7-position. The 8-cyclohexyl-, 8-cyclopentyl- and 8-phenyl-derivatives of caffeine were relatively potent (EC 50 = approximately 75 microM). The theophylline analog 1,3-di-n-propylxanthine was approximately two times more active than theophylline (EC50 = 162 +/- 17 microM). 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (EC50 = 7.1 +/- 1.8 microM) and 1-isoamyl-3-isobutylxanthine (EC50 = 37 +/- 4.2 microM) were among the most potent tracheal relaxants. The 8-substituted theophylline analogs were weak or inactive relaxants except for 8-cyclopentyl- and 8-cyclohexyltheophylline, which were more potent or as potent as theophylline. In contrast to enprofylline (EC50 = 56 +/- 9 microM), 8-substituted enprofylline analogs were weak or inactive as relaxants with the exception of the 8-cyclohexyl analog. The potency of xanthines as tracheal relaxants was unrelated to potency as adenosine receptor antagonists and may reflect activity as phosphodiesterase inhibitors.     

Three new compounds from endophytic fungus Periconia sp. F-31

Three new compounds (1–3), includinga chlorine-containing dihydroisocoumarin pericochlorosin A (1), a chlorinated phenol pericochlorosin B (2) and a decalin derivative pericoannosin G (3), were isolated from endophytic fungus Periconia sp. F-31 of the medicinal plant Annona muricata. The structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and calculated electronic circular dichroism analysis. Compound 2 displayed potent anti-HIV activity with IC₅₀ value of 2.2 μM.     

Preparation and antitussive,expectorant, and antiasthmatic activities of verticinone's derivatives

To prepare verticinone derivatives with significant antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic activities, the compounds 3β-acetylverticinone (1), 3-ketoverticinone (2), 3β-benzoylverticinone (3), 3β-propionylverticinone (4), 3β-butyrylverticinone (5), and 3β-butoxycarbonylverticinone (6) have been prepared. All of these are new compounds. Among them, 1–6 exhibited potent antitussive and expectorant activities; 1 and 3–6 displayed various antiasthmatic activities. The antitussive activity of 1–6, the expectorant activity of 1–2 and 4–6, and the antiasthmatic activity of 1 are higher than those of verticinone. The results demonstrated that 1 had dominant biological activities, suggesting that it would be a potential antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic agent.     

Contractile and relaxant actions of prostaglandins on guinea-pig isolated trachea.

1 The effects of 12 prostaglandins on guinea-pig isolated trachea have been examined in the presence of indomethacin. Two series of experiments were carried out, the first on preparations without tone ('zero tone'), and the second on preparations with tone induced with acetylcholine ('high tone'). 2 The compounds tested fell into two groups. The first, comprising prostaglandins F1 alpha, F2 alpha, F2 alpha acetal, I2 and Wy 17186, contracted both zero and high tone preparations. The second, comprising prostaglandins A1, A2, B1, B2, E1, E2 and F2 beta, contracted zero, but relaxed high tone preparations. Responses to the second group of compounds are probably the resultant of their contractile and relaxant actions. 3 The order of potency for contracting zero tone preparations was prostaglandin E (PGE) greater than F = 1 = Wy 17186 greater than B greater than A, 2-series compounds being 5 to 18 times more potent than 1-series compounds. 4 The order of potency for relaxing high tone preparations was PGE greater than F beta greater than B greater than A greater than Wy 17186 greater than F alpha = I = 0. There was little difference between the potency of 1- and 2-series compounds. 5 The possible relevance of these results to the interpretation of the effects of prostaglandins on human airways is discussed.