深低温停循环主动脉夹层手术后高胆红素血症的危险因素分析

目的研究深低温停循环(deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA)主动脉夹层手术后高胆红素血症的危险因素。方法回顾性分析青岛大学附属医院177例DHCA下Stanford A型夹层手术患者资料,男126例,女51例,年龄≥18岁,ASA均为Ⅳ级。将患者分为两组:高胆红素血症组(HB组,n=96),血浆总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)51.3μmol/L;正常组(N组,n=81),TBIL≤51.3μmol/L。采用Logistic回归分析高胆红素血症的危险因素。结果术后高胆红素血症发生率为54.2%。阻断时间(OR=1.026,95%CI 1.005～1.048,P=0.017),术中输红细胞(OR=1.192,95%CI 1.032～1.378,P=0.017),术前TBIL(OR=1.098,95%CI 1.038～1.161,P=0.001)是DHCA主动脉夹层手术后高胆红素血症的独立危险因素。采用ROC曲线分析显示,阻断时间、术中输红细胞、术前TBIL的临界值分别为93.5min、3.0U、21.3μmol/L。HB组术后输注血浆量明显多于N组(P0.05)。HB组存活率明显低于N组(81.3%vs 92.6%,P=0.03)。结论DHCA主动脉夹层手术后高胆红素血症的发生率较高,预后较差。阻断时间93.5min、术中输注红细胞3.0U、术前TBIL21.3μmol/L是高胆红素血症发生的危险因素。     

深低温停循环下布加氏综合征根治手术(附28例报告)

目的　探讨深低温停循环下合并肝静脉狭窄的布加氏综合征的治疗效果。方法　回顾性分析应用深低温停循环技术进行的 2 8例合并肝静脉狭窄的布加氏综合征的治疗效果及手术方法。结果　死亡 1例 ,2例合并术后迟发性心脏填塞 ,2 7例手术效果良好 ,肝脏手术后迅速缩小 ,肝功能改善 ,静脉曲张消退。结论　深低温停循环下对合并肝静脉狭窄的布加氏综合征进行手术可得到根治的效果 ,手术安全可靠。     

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm following mitral valve repair

We present a rare case of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm following mitral valve repair probably due to testing the valve’s competence. The pseudoaneurysm was treated successfully with a sutureless technique in which layers of a biodegradable collagen system with fibrinogen-based coating were used. We reviewed the literature regarding left ventricular rupture following mitral valve surgery published from 1990 until 2006. Overall, the incidence of this complication was 0.56% for 10978 operations, and the mortality rate was 57.4%. We also describe a possible mechanism common to all forms of left ventricular rupture.     

结合尸解分析二尖瓣置换术后左室破裂原因

目的分析二尖瓣置换术后左心室破裂的原因。方法作者经历2例二尖瓣置换术后左心室破裂,其中1例进行了尸体解剖,另外1例进行了术中探查。结合尸体解剖及术中探查的结果,以及二尖瓣置换术对心脏解剖的改变,分析左心室破裂的原因。结果 2例患者左心室破裂均排除了外科直接损伤,存在因解剖结构改变导致自发性破裂的因素。结论二尖瓣置换术后发生左心室破裂的原因与左心室结构改变有密切关系。     

Concomitant mitral valve repair and left ventricular reconstruction in a patient with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation and inferior left ventricular aneurysm

The surgical approach to ischemic mitral regurgitation with concomitant inferior left ventricular aneurysm remains uncertain in terms of the indication for operation and the short-and long-term outcomes. We performed concomitant mitral valve repair, left ventricular reconstruction, and aortic valve replacement on a 71-year-old male with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation, inferior left ventricular aneurysm, and degenerative aortic regurgitation. Postoperative status was in New York Heart Association functional class I without mitral regurgitation 8 months after operation. We discuss, and review the procedures reported in the literature.     

Intermittent circulatory arrest for repairing postoperative mycotic pseudoaneurysm in the ascending aorta

Postoperative mycotic pseudoaneurysm in the ascending aorta associated with mediastinitis is one of the most serious complications after cardiovascular surgery. Circulatory arrest is usually needed for repairing this lesion; it is likely that the procedure needs unpredictably prolonged arrest time due to uncontrollable bleeding or serious adhesion. With this reason we employed intermittent circulatory arrest instead. The purpose of this paper is to describe 2 cases which demonstrated the method of intermittent circulatory arrest for repairing postoperative mycotic pseudoaneurysm in the ascending aorta.     

在深低温停循环中小预充量体外循环的脑保护效果

目的 观察在深低温停循环中小预充量体外循环的脑保护效果.方法 将实验动物分为假手术组(S组)、小预充量组(L组)、大预充量组(H组),建立联合脑微透析和体外循环(CPB)的动物模型.实验中进行微透析取样和生理指标监测,结束后取脑组织作组织学检测,用高效液相色谱法和CMA600分析仪检测微透析样品.结果 实验中,H组所用多巴胺和碳酸氢钠的量高于L组[(2.07±0.63)mg＞(1.12±0.47)mg;(14±3)ml＞(7±3)ml,P＜0.05].检测显示,H组的乳酸/葡萄糖和乳酸/丙酮酸比值在体外循环后高于L组(12.63±0.44＞3.71±1.31;13.14±1.37＞3.82±1.41,P＜0.05);H组的谷氨酸水平在实验后期高于L组(6.02±0.65＞2.21±0.72,P＜0.05);H组脑组织损伤程度明显重于L组.结论 深低温停循环时,与大预充量比较小预充量体外循环有显著的脑保护作用.     

深低温停循环主动脉弓手术术后急性肾损伤的危险因素

目的 目的分析深低温停循环主动脉弓手术术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的危险因素.方法 回顾2005年1月至2011年6月549例行深低温停循环主动脉弓部手术患者的资料,按照术后是否发生AKI分为两组进行单因素分析,单因素分析差异有统计学意义的logistic回归多因素分析.结果 术后102例(18.6％)患者发生AKI,27例(4.9％)行透析治疗.Logistic回归多因素分析显示,体质量指数(BMI)(OR=1.072,95％ CI:1.006 ～1.141,P=0.031)、术前血清肌酐(OR=1.011,95％ CI:1.006 ～1.017,P=0.000)、体外循环(CPB)时间(OR=1.006,95％ CI:1.002 ～1.009,P=0.005)和术中血糖峰值(OR=1.007,95％CI:1.002 ～ 1.011,P=0.003)是AKI发生的独立危险因素.结论 患者术前BMI、血清肌酐高预示术后较高的AKI发生率,术中减少CPB时间和积极控制血糖水平可降低AKI的发生.     

Mitral valve repair for severe mitral valve regurgitation during left ventricular assist device implantation

Background

The management of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) at the time of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is controversial. We adopted an approach of systematic repair of severe MR at the time of LVAD implantation and report our experience.

Ischemic mitral valve repair: Correlations between the mechanisms of mitral regurgitation and left ventricular function prior to and following surgery

Objective.?To define the mechanisms of ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) and its correlation with left ventricular (LV) function prior to and 1 year following mitral valve (MV) repair. Design.?Fifty-three patients (pts) underwent echocardiographic evaluation of the MR mechanism according to Carpentier's classification; quantification of MR and LV function. Results.?Forty-one, 5% of pts had Type I (annulus dilation), 20, 5% had Type II (commissural prolapse) and 38% had Type IIIb MR (predominant posterior leaflet restriction). Preoperative LV function was slightly better preserved in pts with Type II and IIIb MR. Despite similar MV repair efficiency intraoperatively, after 1 year Type I MR progressed vs the remaining types. LV function, including dimensions, ejection fraction and pulmonary artery pressure had a tendency to worsen in pts with Type I and markedly improved in Type II and IIIb MR. Conclusions.?Ischemic MR of Type I is associated with more marked LV dysfunction preoperatively, its further deterioration and MR progression after MV repair. Type II and IIIb MR correlates with better preserved LV function preoperatively and its incremental improvement late after surgery.     

Left thoracotomy approach for left ventricular pseudoaneurysm due to myocardial infarction after mitral valve replacement for papillary muscle rupture

A 59-year-old man with acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture after myocardial infarction was admitted to our hospital. He underwent emergent mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve by median sternotomy. Although postoperative echocardiography showed no sign of a ventricular aneurysm, echocardiography performed 5 weeks after the surgery showed enlarging left ventricular pseudoaneurysm of the inferior to the posterior cardiac wall. He underwent dacron patch closure of the orifice by fifth intercostal left thoracotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on postoperative day 10. The patient was successfully treated for two life-threatening complications occurring subsequently after myocardial infarction.     

Exploring effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in a pig model of hypothermic circulatory arrest

Objectives. During aortic and cardiac surgery, risks for mortality and morbidity are inevitable. Surgical setups involving deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) are effective to achieve organ protection against ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to identify humoural factors mediating additive protective effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in a porcine model of DHCA. Design. Twenty-two pigs were randomized into the RIPC group (n?=?11) and the control group (n?=?11). The RIPC group underwent four 5-minute hind limb ischemia-reperfusion cycles prior to cardiopulmonary bypass and DHCA. All animals underwent identical surgical procedures including 60?min DHCA at 18?°C. Blood samples were collected from vena cava and sagittal sinus at several time points. After the 8-hour follow-up period, the brain, heart, and kidney tissue samples were collected for tissue analyses. Results. Serum levels of brain damage marker S100B recovered faster in the RIPC group, after 4?hours of the arrest, (p?Conclusions. The faster recovery of S100B, lower systemic lactate levels and favourable regional antioxidant response suggest possible neuronal cellular and mitochondrial protection by RIPC, whereas better cardiac index underlines functional effects of RIPC. The exact humoural factor remains unclear.     

深低温停循环主动脉弓部手术后苏醒延迟危险因素分析

目的 探讨在深低温停循环(deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA)选择性脑灌注(antegrade selective cerebral perfusion,ASCP)下行主动脉弓部手术后发生苏醒延迟的危险因素. 方法 回顾性分析2006年10月至2013年6月期间南京市鼓楼医院97例行主动脉弓部手术患者的临床资料.97例患者分为两组:正常组(46例),男37例,女9例,平均年龄(48±11)岁;苏醒延迟组(51例),男40例,女11例,平均年龄(52±11)岁.观察两组患者的临床资料,采用单因素方差分析和Logistic多因素回归分析导致患者术后发生苏醒延迟的危险因素. 结果 97例患者中术后发生苏醒延迟51例(52.58％),其中11例患者(11.34％)术后一直未醒,住院死亡20例(20.62％).单因素分析结果显示:年龄(P=0.047)、高血压病史(P=0.005)、急诊手术(P=0.031)、体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)时间(P=0.017)、心肌阻断时间(P=0.021)、输血(P=0.001)是DHCAASCP术后发生苏醒延迟的危险因素.Logistic回归分析结果显示:急诊手术(P=0.005)、CPB时间＞240 min(P＜0.001)是导致DHCA ASCP术后发生苏醒延迟的独立危险因素. 结论 主动脉弓部手术后发生苏醒延迟是多因素共同作用的结果.     

The optimal flow rate for antegrade cerebral perfusion during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

The aim of this study is to compare cerebral protection using antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) with various flow rates during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in a piglet model. Twenty‐three piglets were randomized to five groups: the control group (n = 3), DHCA group (n = 5), ACP25 group (n = 5), ACP50 group (n = 5), and ACP80 group (n = 5). Three control piglets did not undergo operations. Twenty piglets underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and DHCA for 60 min at 20°C. ACP was conducted at 0, 25, 50, and 80 mL/kg/min in the DHCA, ACP25, ACP50, and ACP80 group, respectively. Serum S‐100B protein and neuron‐specific enolase were monitored, and brain tissues were assayed for the activities of caspase‐3 and stained for the evidence of apoptotic cellular injury. Rise in serum S‐100B level (post‐CPB—pre‐CPB) in the ACP50 group was significantly lower than that in the ACP80 group (P = 0.001). Caspase‐3 levels were significantly elevated in the ACP80 group compared with the ACP25 (P = 0.041) and ACP50 group (P = 0.01), while positive terminal deoxyneucleotidyl transferase‐mediated biotin‐dUTP nick end labeling reaction scores in the ACP80 group were significantly higher than those in the ACP25 (P = 0.043) and ACP50 group (P = 0.023). Cerebral protection effects of ACP at 25 and 50 mL/kg/min were superior to that of ACP at 80 mL/kg/min as determined by cerebral markers, immunology, and histology.     

选择性脑灌注对深低温停循环下的脑保护作用

目的总结并分析39例急性DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层患者在深低温停循环期间选择性脑灌注对脑保护的效果。方法经右锁骨下动脉或升主动脉插灌注管,右心房插引流管建立体外循环。全身降温至鼻咽温28℃时阻断并切开升主动脉,左、右冠状动脉开口灌注冷血心脏停跳液15—20ml／kg,完成近心端处理。鼻咽温18℃,肛温20℃时停体外循环,头部戴冰帽,取20°-30°头低位,阻断主动脉弓三大分支,右锁骨下动脉脑灌注5例,无名动脉和左颈总动脉插管脑灌注34例,灌注流量5—8ml／（kg·min）。结果体外循环转流时间206～256min,平均（230±30）min;主动脉阻断时间95—155min,平均（118±23）min;选择性脑保护灌注时间39—59min,平均（53±14）min。手术死亡3例（7．69％）。一过性精神障碍2例（5．13％）。结论选择性脑灌注能显著降低深低温停循环手术的脑部并发症,有助于改善DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层患者的手术预后。     

Ruptured left ventricular pseudoaneurysm penetrating into the left pleural cavity

We experienced a rare case of ruptured left ventricular pseudoaneurysm penetrating into the left pleural cavity. A 77-year-old woman was first diagnosed with unstable angina due to sudden chest pain onset and abnormal electrocardiographic findings. In 2 days, massive left pleural effusion was recognized by chest X-ray, though subsequent computed tomographic scans did not show any aortic pathology. We observed her with left thoracentesis alone. Two days later, cardiac arrest suddenly occurred and emergency surgery was undertaken after resuscitation by percutaneous cardiopulmonary support. In surgery, a moderate amount of intrapericardial hematoma caused by rupture of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm penetrating into the left pleural cavity was found and successfully repaired. This rare rupture of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm penetrating into the left pleural cavity generated massive hemo-hydrothorax.     

Developing skills for thoracic aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest

Objectives

To examine the performance curves of 8 early-career aortic surgeons with the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and to analyze the impact of the learning curve on perioperative outcomes.