再程序化星形胶质细胞的制备及体外定向分化为神经元的研究

目的探讨再程序化星形胶质细胞制备并在体外诱导其分化为神经元。方法在体外培养大鼠脑皮质来源星形胶质细胞(astrocyte),随后将提纯、鉴定过的第三代星形胶质细胞接种于12孔培养皿中,并分为A、B、C 3组。其中A组为带有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的慢病毒载体介导neurogenin2(Ngn2)基因转染的星形胶质细胞,制备再程序化星形胶质细胞;B组为带有GFP基因的空载体病毒转染的星形胶质细胞;C组为未进行慢病毒介导基因转染的星形胶质细胞;转基因1周后加入含细胞生长因子诱导培养基诱导分化15 d,光镜下观察各组细胞形态变化以及定向神经元分化的差异。结果 A组星形胶质细胞转基因后再诱导15 d,很大部分细胞形态呈神经元样改变,胞体呈梭形或椭圆形,有多个突起伸出且突起较长,表达神经元核蛋白(Neu N)、神经丝蛋白(NF)及神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的比例大大提高,相比B组及C组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);而B组与C组神经元分化比例的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论慢病毒介导Ngn2基因体外转染星形胶质细胞可制备出再程序化星形胶质细胞,诱导后具有更强的向神经元定向分化能力。     

大鼠胎脑皮质神经干细胞体外培养及诱导分化的实验研究

目的 从孕龄15d SD胚胎鼠脑皮质中分离并培养神经干细胞（neural stem cells。NSCs），观察其生长、增殖及分化。方法 采用包含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）和表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）的无血清培养及单细胞克隆技术，对胚胎鼠脑皮质神经干细胞进行原代、传代培养及诱导其分化。用Nestin染色鉴定神经干细胞特性，用免疫组化方法（β-Ⅲ-tubulin、GFAP染色）检测神经干细胞分化为神经元及神经胶质细胞状况。结果 从孕龄15dSD胚胎鼠脑皮质中分离的组织，经原代及传代培养均可形成细胞克隆．切具有增殖能力。原代及传代培养细胞呈Nestin（神经上皮干细胞蛋白）表达阳性．诱导分化后的细胞表达神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞的特异性抗原。结论 本实验分离、培养的孕龄15dSD胚胎鼠脑皮质细胞Nestin表达阳性．分化后表达神经元和星形胶质细胞的标记物，是大鼠的神经干细胞，并具有多向分化潜能。     

尼古丁对帕金森病大鼠纹状体GDNF和多巴胺含量的影响

目的 研究尼古丁对帕金森病（PD）大鼠纹状体脑胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)和多巴胺（DA）含量的影响。方法 将6－羟多巴胺（6－OHDA）立体定向注射到大鼠右侧中脑腹侧背盖部（VTA）和黑质致密部（SNpc)，建立PD大鼠模型。采用生化、免疫组织化学方法观察不同剂量尼古丁对PD大鼠的作用，检测纹状体GDNF表达及DA含量的变化。结果 造模前及造模后皮下注射尼古丁的PD大鼠，纹状体GDNF表达及DA含量较PD组有明显改善（P＜0．05）。结论 尼古丁可减轻6－OHDA对黑质DA能神经元的损伤，对PD大鼠具有保护作用。     

PD模型中GDNF与星形胶质细胞对黑质DA能神经元的影响

目的探讨星形胶质细胞和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)在帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)中对多巴胺(dopamine neurons,DA)能神经元损伤的影响。方法成年大鼠右侧前脑侧束注射6羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)制备PD模型。PD模型右侧黑质内注射GDNF,于注射后第6周采用免疫组织化学方法观察星形胶质细胞神经纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)以及多巴胺能神经元酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylasa,TH)的变化。结果模型组、PBS和GDNF组注射侧与非注射侧星形胶质细胞相比,均发现GFAP阳性细胞明显增多,DA能神经元数量明显减少(P<0.05)。GDNF组与模型组相比,发现GFAP阳性细胞明显增多,同时残存的DA能神经元数量有所增加(P<0.05)。结论黑质内注射GDNF可能通过激活的星形胶质细胞保护PD大鼠模型黑质DA能神经元。     

转基因星形胶质细胞脑内移植治疗帕金森病大鼠的研究

目的　评价酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH)基因转染的星形胶质细胞移植入帕金森病 (PD)模型大鼠脑内后对旋转行为改善作用。方法　用pcDNA3 1/TH质粒转染原代培养的星形胶质细胞 ,采用免疫组化及RT PCR方法检测到TH表达后 ,将转基因的星形胶质细胞移植入PD模型大鼠脑纹状体内 ,观察PD大鼠的旋转行为变化情况。结果　移植后共观察 12周 ,转基因细胞移植组PD大鼠 (n =10 )的旋转行为明显改善 (P <0 0 5 ) ,改善情况在 2～ 8周最显著 ,对照组大鼠 (n =10 )的旋转行为无变化。结论　转基因的星形胶质细胞脑内移植后可短期改善PD大鼠的旋转行为 ,星形胶质细胞有可能作为有效的载体细胞。     

中脑多巴胺能前体细胞分化过程中胶质细胞相关基因的表达

目的 分析原代培养的近交系胎鼠腹侧中脑前体细胞(ventral mesencephalic precursors,VMP)在诱导分化过程中胶质细胞相关基因的表达情况.方法 原代培养近交系胎鼠VMP,体外增殖培养7 d后诱导分化7 d.在第7天、11天和14天抽提RNA,用Affymetrix Rat Expression Array 230 2.0芯片检测基因表达谱,分析差异基因.结果 与胶质细胞密切相关的GFAP、S100b、Gjal和Clu基因均明显上调.而GDNF家族基因无明显改变.结论 在体外VMP的诱导分化过程中,随着星形胶质细胞的增多,GFAP、S100b、Gjal和Clu基因表达均明显上调,值得进一步深入研究.     

人神经干细胞的分离、克隆和动物脑内移植及转基因表达

目的分离和克隆人神经干细胞,并在体外和体内分析其生物学特征.方法我们联合采用四步法从人胚胎前脑分离制备多潜能神经干细胞,并使用重组腺病毒相关病毒载体(rAAV)将LacZ基因和胶质细胞起源的神经营养因子(GDNF)基因转移到神经干细胞.结果二株人神经干细胞被成功建立.这些克隆化后的神经干细胞在细胞培养中和移植到新生小鼠脑内后能发育分化成神经元、少枝胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞.在rAAV转导基因后,神经干细胞可在体外和体内表达转基因产物.结论这种具有转基因表达能力的神经干细胞为神经系统疾病的进一步治疗研究提供了有潜在价值的细胞资源.     

本期导读

本期刊登科研论文13篇。“睡眠剥夺及睡眠恢复后大鼠中缝核群星形胶质细胞的反应及其与神经元的关系”文中,发现睡眠剥夺影响中缝核星形胶质细胞GFAP的表达及神经元Fos的表达,提示中缝核的星形胶质细胞和神经元可能共同参与睡眠调节。“大鼠骨髓基质细胞分泌胶质细胞源性神经营养因子的研究”文中,发现骨髓基质细胞具有分泌胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)的能力,并受周围环境和自身生长状况的影响。“CGRP和NGF对脑局部缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织神经元凋亡及PKCmRNA表达的调节作用”文中,发现降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和神经生长因子(…     

原浆型星形胶质细胞对神经干细胞分化行为的影响

目的：观察原浆型星形胶质细胞作为饲养层细胞对神经干细胞（NSC）分化行为的影响。方法：通过无血清培养的方法，将原代培养所获得的NSC克隆经纯化和标记后，以原浆型星形胶质细胞作为饲养层细胞，10d后进行NF-200免疫荧光染色，在显微镜下随机选取20个视野，记数神经元和标记NSC的比例。通过CX32免疫组化染色观察分化细胞间的信号联系，利用Fura-3探针标记和药物刺激检测分化神经元的电活动变化。结果：①在原浆型星形胶质细胞培养条件下，NSC分化为神经元的比例高达75％，②部分分化细胞CX32染色为阳性，③分化神经元在药物刺激下，可发生Ca^2＋活动的变化。结论：原浆型星形胶质细胞具有较好地促进NSC向神经元分化，且分化的神经细胞具有生物学活性，可作为神经组织工程研究中一种新的种子细胞。     

脑缺血诱发星形胶质细胞粒细胞集落刺激因子受体和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子的表达

目的 探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)在缺血脑保护中的作用机制.方法 制作大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型,7 d后断头取脑做冰冻切片,用免疫荧光双标的方法观察缺血周边区与假手术组相同部位G-CSF受体、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)和微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)、神经胶质原酸性蛋白(GFAP)的共表达情况.结果 G-CSF受体和GDNF在正常大鼠脑内广泛表达于神经元,不表达于星形胶质细胞;但在缺血周边区,星形胶质细胞亦部分表达G-CSF受体和GDNF.在正常脑组织,大部分G-CSF受体阳性的细胞也表达GDNF.结论 脑缺血可诱导缺血周边区星形胶质细胞表达G-CSF受体和GDNF,推测缺血后的内源性神经保护作用可能与缺血周边区星形胶质细胞的G-CSF受体表达以及GDNF产生有关.     

Protective effects of intracerebral adenoviral-mediated GDNF gene transfer in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

This study focuses on the potential protective effects of intracerebral adeno-viral mediated glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene transfer in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thirty-five SD rats were divided into three groups to receive perinigral injections of recombinant adenovirus encoding GDNF (Ad-GDNF), LacZ (Ad-LacZ) or PBS, respectively. One week later, an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was administered to induce the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.Immunohistochemistry showed that GDNF treatment prior to neuronal damage could promote survival and morphological recovery of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the midbrain. Approximately 70% of nigral TH-positive cells survived in the Ad-GDNF group, compared to approximately 30% for the Ad-LacZ or PBS control group. Histochemical analysis of monoamine levels in the striatum demonstrated that the dopamine content was higher for the Ad-GDNF group than the control groups. Similarly, Ad-GDNF treated animals showed improved apomorphine-induced rotational behavior. The exogenous GDNF gene was efficiently expressed in the brain as detected by ELISA. This work demonstrates that intracerebral adeno-viral mediated GDNF gene transfer can protect dopaminergic neurons in vivo from 6-OHDA-induced injuries. The approach used in this study could potentially be used therapeutically in patients with PD and further work is required to explore this idea in depth.     

Protective effects of intracerebral adenoviral-mediated GDNF gene transfer in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

This study focuses on the potential protective effects of intracerebral adeno-viral mediated glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene transfer in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thirty-five SD rats were divided into three groups to receive perinigral injections of recombinant adenovirus encoding GDNF (Ad-GDNF), LacZ (Ad-LacZ) or PBS, respectively. One week later, an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was administered to induce the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Immunohistochemistry showed that GDNF treatment prior to neuronal damage could promote survival and morphological recovery of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the midbrain. Approximately 70% of nigral TH-positive cells survived in the Ad-GDNF group, compared to approximately 30% for the Ad-LacZ or PBS control group. Histochemical analysis of monoamine levels in the striatum demonstrated that the dopamine content was higher for the Ad-GDNF group than the control groups. Similarly, Ad-GDNF treated animals showed improved apomorphine-induced rotational behavior. The exogenous GDNF gene was efficiently expressed in the brain as detected by ELISA. This work demonstrates that intracerebral adeno-viral mediated GDNF gene transfer can protect dopaminergic neurons in vivo from 6-OHDA-induced injuries. The approach used in this study could potentially be used therapeutically in patients with PD and further work is required to explore this idea in depth.     

胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子修饰脂肪间质干细胞与共培养多巴胺能神经元的存活

背景：目前尚未见脂肪间质干细胞体外诱导分化成多巴胺能神经元的报道,且有关脂肪间质干细胞维持多巴胺能神经元存活的机制也缺乏实验证据。 目的：观察腺病毒介导胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子基因修饰的脂肪间质干细胞对共培养条件下多巴胺能神经元存活的影响。 设计、时间及地点：细胞学体外对比观察,于2007-03/12在吉林省耳鼻咽喉研究所和教育部吉林大学人兽共患病重点实验室完成。 材料：3周龄Wistar大鼠、孕14 d Wistar大鼠由吉林大学白求恩医学院实验动物中心提供。 方法：采用pAdTrackCV和pAdEasy-1系统构建重组胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子腺病毒。取孕14 d大鼠,采用酶消化法培养中脑多巴胺能神经元。取Wistar大鼠腹股沟处脂肪,酶消化法分离培养脂肪间质干细胞,体外培养至第3代当细胞生长至60%融合时,以病毒滴度为1×109 vp/mL的胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子重组腺病毒作用细胞1 h后,转移到生长培养基继续培养,通过ELISA法检测培养上清胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子水平。设立3组：Ad-GDNF转染共培养组、Ad-GFP转染共培养组分别在脂肪间质干细胞经相应病毒转染24 h后加入分离的多巴胺能神经元,继续培养7 d;单纯多巴胺能神经元培养组不加入脂肪间质干细胞。 主要观察指标：采用免疫荧光技术检测共培养环境对多巴胺能神经元存活的影响,共培养环境对胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子修饰脂肪间质干细胞分化的影响。 结果：脂肪间质干细胞在pAd-GDNF转染24 h后细胞上清中出现胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子蛋白,72 h达高峰,pAd-GDNF对脂肪间质干细胞的转染效率约为80%。酪氨酸羟化酶免疫荧光染色结果发现,Ad-GDNF转染共培养组多巴胺能神经元存活率明显高于单纯多巴胺能神经元培养组、Ad-GFP转染共培养组(55%,15%,25%,P < 0.01)。对共培养7 d的细胞进行酪氨酸羟化酶免疫荧光染色,分别以波长为488 nm和563 nm进行单通道扫描,未发现同时表达绿色荧光蛋白和酪氨酸羟化酶的细胞,表明此共培养环境可能不具备诱导脂肪间质干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元的条件。 结论：胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子基因修饰的脂肪间质干细胞与胚胎中脑分离出的多巴胺能神经元共培养,能够维持和促进多巴胺能神经元的存活,但可能不具备诱导脂肪间质干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元的作用。     

Effect of GDNF on differentiation of cultured ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic calretinin-expressing neurons

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor for ventral mesencephalic (VM) dopaminergic neurons. Subpopulations of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic VM neurons express the calcium-binding proteins calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR). Characterization of the actions of GDNF on distinct subpopulations of VM cells is of great importance for its potential use as a therapeutic molecule and for understanding its role in neuronal development. The present study investigated the effects of GDNF on the survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures of embryonic day (E) 18 rat VM. As expected from our results obtained using E14 VM cells, GDNF significantly increased the morphological complexity of E18 CB-immunoreractive (CB-ir), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-ir, and CR-ir neurons and also the densities of CB-ir and TH-ir neurons. Interestingly, densities of E18 CR-ir neurons, contrarily to our previous observations on E14 CR-ir neurons, were significantly higher after GDNF treatment (by 1.5-fold). Colocalization analyses demonstrated that GDNF increased the densitiy of dopaminergic neurons expressing CR (TH+/CR+/CB-), while no significant effects were observed for TH-/CR+/CB- cell densities. In contrast, we found that GDNF significantly increased the total fiber length (2-fold), number of primary neurites (1.4-fold), number of branching points (2.5-fold), and the size of neurite field per neuron (1.8-fold) of the non-dopaminergic CR-expressing neurons (TH-/CR+/CB-). These cells were identified as GABA-expressing neurons. In conclusion, our findings recognize GDNF as a potent differentiation factor for the development of VM dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic CR-expressing neurons.     

Lipid-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene transfer to cultured porcine ventral mesencephalic tissue

Transplantation of dopaminergic ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue into the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) shows at best moderate symptomatic relief in some of the treated cases. Experimental animal studies and clinical trials with allogenic and xenogenic pig-derived VM tissue grafts to PD patients indicate that one reason for the poor outcome of neural transplantation is the low survival and differentiation of grafted dopaminergic neurons. To improve dopaminergic cell survival through a gene-therapeutic approach we have established and report here results of lipid-mediated transfer of the gene for human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to embryonic (E27/28) porcine VM tissue kept as organotypic explant cultures. Treatment of the developing VM with two mitogens, basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, prior to transfection significantly increased transfection yields. Expression of human GDNF via an episomal vector could be detected by in situ hybridization and by the measuring of GDNF protein secreted into the culture medium. When compared to mock-transfected controls, VM tissue expressing recombinant GDNF contained significantly higher numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the cultured VM tissue. We conclude that lipid-mediated gene transfer employed on embryonic pig VM explant cultures is a safe and effective method to improve survival of dopaminergic neurons and may become a valuable tool to improve allo- and xenotransplantation treatment in Parkinson's disease.     

神经营养因子对体外培养中脑多巴胺能神经元存活和分化的影响

目的观察不同神经营养因子对体外培养中脑多巴胺能神经元(DN)存活和分化的作用。方法选取14d孕鼠,无菌条件下取出胎鼠,采用酶消化法培养中脑DN神经元,在培养过程中,分别加入不同浓度的胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、神经营养因子3(NT3)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和神经生长因子(NGF),通过细胞形态学和免疫荧光方法进行细胞纯度鉴定,观察不同作用条件下TH阳性细胞率确定细胞存活。结果以10~60ng/L的GDNF或BDNF持续培养10d,中脑多巴胺能神经元的存活率明显高于NGF和NT3作用组,浓度为20ng/m l的GDNF作用最强,能够维持60%的DN神经元存活。此外BDNF和GDNF能够增加DN神经元的数目,但未发现明显的剂量依赖效应,当GDNF与BDNF联合应用时,未见DN神经元的保护作用增强。结论GDNF和BDNF对原代培养的多巴胺能神经元存活具有较强的促进作用,并能诱导神经前体细胞分化为DN神经元。     

Delivery of sonic hedgehog or glial derived neurotrophic factor to dopamine-rich grafts in a rat model of Parkinson's disease using adenoviral vectors Increased yield of dopamine cells is dependent on embryonic donor age

The poor survival of dopamine grafts in Parkinson's disease is one of the main obstacles to the widespread application of this therapy. One hypothesis is that implanted neurons, once removed from the embryonic environment, lack the differentiation factors needed to develop the dopaminergic phenotype. In an effort to improve the numbers of dopamine neurons surviving in the grafts, we have investigated the potential of adenoviral vectors to deliver the differentiation factor sonic hedgehog or the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor GDNF to dopamine-rich grafts in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Adenoviral vectors containing sonic hedgehog, GDNF, or the marker gene LacZ were injected into the dopamine depleted striatum of hemiparkinsonian rats. Two weeks later, ventral mesencephalic cell suspensions were prepared from embryos of donor ages E12, E13, E14 or E15 and implanted into the vector-transduced striatum. Pre-treatment with the sonic hedgehog vector produced a three-fold increase in the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (presumed dopaminergic) cells in grafts derived from E12 donors, but had no effect on E13-E15 grafts. By contrast, pre-treatment with the GDNF vector increased yields of dopamine cells in grafts derived from E14 and E15 donors but had no effect on grafts from younger donors. The results indicate that provision of both trophic and differentiation factors can enhance the yields of dopamine neurons in ventral mesencephalic grafts, but that the two factors differ in the age and stage of embryonic development at which they have maximal effects.     

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor stimulates the morphological differentiation of cultured ventral mesencephalic calbindin- and calretinin-expressing neurons

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor for mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Subpopulations of these neurons express the calcium-binding proteins calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR). Understanding the specific effects of GDNF on these neurons is important for the development of an optimal cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. To investigate the effects of GDNF on the morphological complexity of mesencephalic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (-ir), CB-ir, and CR-ir neurons, dissociated cultures of embryonic (E14) rat ventral mesencephalon were prepared. Chronic administration of GDNF (10 ng/ml) for 7 days promoted the survival of TH-ir and CB-ir neurons but did not alter the density of CR-ir neurons. Total fiber length/neuron and number of branching points/neuron of CB-ir and CR-ir cells were significantly increased after GDNF treatment (2x for CB-ir cells and 1.4x and 1.7x, respectively, for CR-ir cells), which resulted in a significantly larger size of neurite field/neuron (2.9x and 1.5x for CB-ir and CR-ir neurons, respectively). The number of primary neurites/neuron of CB-ir neurons was found to be 1.5x larger, while no difference could be detected for CR-ir cells. Assessment of the effects of GDNF on TH-ir neurons unveiled a similar outcome with an increased total fiber length/neuron (1.5x), an increased number of primary neurites/neuron (1.6x), and a twofold larger size of neurite field/neuron. In conclusion, our findings recognize GDNF as a neurotrophic factor that stimulates the morphological differentiation of ventral mesencephalic CB-ir and CR-ir neurons.     

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects astrocytes from staurosporine- and ischemia- induced apoptosis

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes the survival and functions of neurons. It has been shown to be a promising candidate in the treatment of ischemia and other neurodegenerative diseases. We transfected mouse astrocytes in primary cultures with a human GDNF gene and found that their conditioned medium could not only support the growth and survival of cultured dopaminergic neurons but also protect astrocytes from staurosporine- and ischemia-induced apoptosis. This indicated that these transfected astrocytes could release GDNF. A similar protective effect on astrocytes against apoptosis was evident when recombinant human GDNF was used. Moreover, GDNF reduced caspase-3 activity but not that of caspase-1 in cultured astrocytes after ischemia treatment. Thus, GDNF protects astrocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3.     

常氧及低氧条件下胶质源性神经营养因子体外诱导中脑神经干细胞向多巴胺能神经元的分化

背景：神经干细胞的定向诱导分化和扩增受细胞自身基因和外来信号的调控。 目的：观察中脑源性神经干细胞在常氧、低氧和胶质源性神经营养因子诱导下向多巴胺能神经元的分化情况。 方法：无菌条件下分离E12小鼠胚胎腹侧中脑组织,胰酶消化和机械吹打制成单细胞悬液,在无血清培养基中培养扩增;Nestin免疫细胞化学染色方法鉴定神经干细胞。在有血清培养基中对纯化神经干细胞自然分化;神经元特异性烯醇化酶和胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫细胞化学染色方法分别鉴定神经元和星形胶质细胞。建立常氧和低氧环境,设置常氧组、常氧+胶质源性神经营养因子组、低氧组、低氧+胶质源性神经营养因子组,按实验分组在有血清条件下诱导分化。 结果与结论：在低氧条件下,中脑神经干细胞向多巴胺能神经元分化均高于常氧组;尤其是低氧环境和胶质源性神经营养因子诱导下向多巴胺能神经元分化比例更高,表型更成熟。说明低氧环境下胶质源性神经营养因子可明显促进中脑神经干细胞分化为数量足够、形态及功能成熟的多巴胺能神经元。