射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速103例

总结不同起源部位特发性室性心动过速(IVT)经导管射频消融(RFCA)治疗的成功经验。103例IVT行RFCA治疗,左室特发性VT(ILVT)起自间隔部者以最早的P电位处为靶点,右室特发性VT(IRVT)和其他部位的IVT均以起搏与VT发作时12导联心电图QRS波形态完全相同处或最早心室激动处为靶点。结果:RFCA治疗IVT的成功率为96.12%,ILVT为92.9%,IRVT为98.4%,复发率为2.9%。IVT起源部位分别位于左室后间隔部32例,左室游离壁1例,左室流出道9例,右室流出道60例、流入道1例。结论:IVTRFCA的关键是消融靶点的标测和确定,可根据VT发作时的心电图表现估计其起源位置。IVT的RFCA成功率高。     

Carto标测指导下射频导管消融特发性右心室流出道室性心动过速

目的探讨Carto标测特发性右心室流出道室性心动过速(RVOT-VT)的方法和对射频导管消融(RFCA)的指导作用;分析RVOT-VT起源点与12导联心电图的关系,探讨12导联心电图对RVOT-VT起源点定位的辅助作用.方法14例特发性RVOT-VT患者,男性6例、女性8例,平均年龄(39.0±8.0)岁.所有病人均行常规电生理检查,对诱发室性心动过速(VT)或有频发室性早搏(PVCs)的病人,采用Carto标测VT或PVCs的最早激动点作为RFCA的靶点.如不能诱发VT或无频发PVCs患者,在窦性心律下标测RVOT的解剖结构,然后进行起搏标测,寻找起搏心电图与临床上VT或PVCs的心电图相同或相似的最佳起搏点作为RFCA的靶点.通过成功的RFCA确定每例VT起源点在RVOT的部位,然后分析每例VT起源点对应的12导联心电图特征.结果14例病人中,有8例病人手术时在基础状态下或静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素后有频发的PVCs,通过捕捉和标测PVCs重构RVOT的解剖结构和PVCs的电激动顺序,顺利地标出PVCs的最早激动点作为RFCA的靶点.另6例临床上有持续性VT的病人,有2例术中诱发出持续性VT.在VT状态下用Carto标测VT的最早激动点作为RFCA的靶点.2例只诱发短阵持续性VT和另2例只有在静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素后诱发出非持续性VT的患者,用起搏标测找出最佳消融靶点.所有14例RVOT-VT均成功地进行了RFCA,成功率为100%.VT起源于间隔部8例(57%),后壁4例(29%),外侧壁2例(14%).I、aVR和aVL导联上的QRS波形态有助于确定VT起源点在间隔部或游离壁;V3导联上的R/S比值有助于确定VT起源点在RVOT的上部或下部.结论Carto标测通过在VT或PVCs时行激动顺序标测或无VT和PVCs时行起搏标测可以准确地确定VT或PVCs的起源点,并有效地指导RFCA.VT或PVCs的12导联心电图有助于在术前定位VT或PVCs在RVOT的起源点.     

特发性室性心动过速射频导管消融标测方法探讨

目的探讨特发性室性心动过速（IVT）的标测方法.方法对52例行射频消融的IVT患者进行标测.39例源于右心室的IVT采用消融导管右心室起搏标测法,以起搏时与室性心动过速（室速）发作时的12导联心电图QRS波形态与振幅完全相同的起搏部位为消融靶点.12例起源于左心室的IVT以发作时消融电极导管在左心室内标测到较体表心电图QRS波提前≥20 ms的最早高频低振幅电位为消融靶点（激动顺序标测法）,1例左心室室速采用起搏标测法.结果左心室IVT消融成功率100%（13/13）,右心室IVT消融成功率94.87%（37/39）.结论起源于左心室的IVT宜采用激动顺序标测法,起源于右心室的IVT宜采用起搏标测法.     

射频消融室性早搏两种标测方法的比较

目的：比较起搏标测与激动标测在室性早搏(PVC)的射频消融术(RFCA)中的应用。方法：对16例顽固性、单源性、PVC患行(RFCA)术，按照“起搏标测为主，辅以激动顺序标测”的原则，在心内膜精标PVC起源灶，然后放电消融病灶，使PVC消失或显减少。静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素下反复程序电刺激，不再能诱发或自发与术前PVC相同的’PVC或VT，为消融成功。结果：9例患单行起搏标测到与自发PVC形态相同的心电图，7例消融成功，1例在消融出现成功迹象，静滴异丙肾上腺素验证疗效时，出现尖瑞扭转性室速(TdP)，立即经胸电击复律，后改行ICD植入，1例消融失败。7例患辅以激动顺序标测，5例消融成功。16例患经5～35月随访，无1例死亡或复发。结论：对PVC行RFCA术中起搏标测获得的定位信息多于激动顺序标测；提高成功率的关键是“以起搏标测为主辅以激动顺序标测”。     

射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速44例分析

目的　探讨特发性室性心动过速 (IVT)射频消融 (RFCA)治疗的检测方法和疗效。方法　 4 4例IVT病人 ,男性 32例 ,女性 12例 ,年龄 12～ 6 0岁 ,其中左室IVT(LIVT) 2 6例 ,右室IVT(RIVT) 18例 ,采用激动标测和起搏标测相结合的方法寻找靶点进行RFCA。结果　 2 6例LIVT消融成功 2 3例 ,18例RIVT消融成功 16例 ,总成功率 88 6 %。结论　RFCA治疗IVT成功率高 ,是治疗IVT的首选方法。     

特发性室性心动过速及室性早搏的射频消融治疗

目的:探讨射频导管消融(RFCA)治疗特发性室性心动过速(IVT)和室性早搏(VPC)的疗效及该方法的可行性和必要性。方法:72例IVT、VPC患者采用激动顺序标测和起搏标测法确定室性心动过速(VT)、VPC的起源部位并行RFCA治疗。结果:19例左室IVT中16例起源于左室间隔部左后分支的蒲肯野系统,3例起源于左室心尖部,6例右室IVT起源于右室流出道(RVOT)间隔部,24例消融成功,1例失败。47例VPC中43例起源RVOT间隔部,2例起源于RVOT游离壁,2例起源于左室流出道,44例消融成功,2例复发。结论:RFCA治疗IVT及特定部位的VPC是安全、有效且成功率高的一种方法。     

经导管射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速120例总结

目的 总结不同起源部位特发性室性心动过速(IVT)的经导管射频消融(RFCA)抬疗的方法与结果。方法 对120例IVT进行了RFCA抬疗，男性87例、女性33例，年龄36±19(8～66)岁。左室FVT(ILVT)中起自间隔面者以最早的P电位处为消融靶点，其它部位的IVT均以起搏与心动过速时12导联QRS形态完垒相同处或最早心室激动处为靶点。结果RFCA抬疗IVT的总成功率92．5％(111／120)，ILVT为94．6％(70／74)、右室IVT(IRVT)为89．1%(41／46)，复发率为5．4％(6／111)，永久性三度房室阻滞1例，发生于ILVT消融时(1．3％)。ILVT分别起自间隔面(65例)、左前游离壁基底部(5例)和流出道(4例)。IRVT分别起自流出道(39例)、流入道(4例)、前壁(2例)及心尖部(1例)。左室间隔面ILVT有效靶点处P电位较QRS提前33．4±11．8(18～60)ms，其它部位49例ILVT及IRVT中的病例全部表现为有效靶点处起搏时与心动过速时12导联ORS波形态完全相同(41例，83．7％)或局部心室激动最为提前(8例，13．3％)。对4例未诱发的IVT尝试消融经随访证实均无效。结论不同起源的IVT采用RFCA治疗均具有较高的成功率和较低的并发症。起自左室间隔面的ILVT应以最早P电位处为靶点；其它部位IVT应采用起搏标测，也可采用激动顺序标测。电生理检查未诱发的IVT不宜尝试RFCA。     

器质性心脏病室性心动过速的导管射频消融治疗

总结导管射频消融 (RFCA)治疗 5例器质性心脏病室性心动过速 (简称室速 )的体会。电生理检查与RFCA一次完成。激动或 (和 )起搏标测确定靶点后消融。结果 :1例致心律失常性右室心肌病室速在右室心底部标测到较体表心电图 (ECG)之QRS波群提前 34ms的起始碎裂电位 ,室速可被隐匿拖带。 1例肥厚型心肌病术中发作 4种形态室速 ,分别于右室游离壁 ,流出道后侧壁、间隔前下及间隔前上标测到较体表ECG的QRS波群提前 40ms以上的碎裂电位 ,分别以此为靶点消融成功。 1例陈旧性心肌梗死室速于左室游离壁标测到较体表QRS波群提前 46ms的局部碎裂电位 ,起搏标测 12导联QRS波群形态与室速时完全一致 ,以此靶点消融成功。 1例扩张型心肌病 ,诱发束支折返性室速 ,消融右束支。 4例均消融成功 ,随访 10个月至 7年无复发。 1例Fallot四联征矫正术后患者有右室流出道室速发作 ,术中未能诱发室速 ,在起搏标测下消融 ,1个月后复发。 5例患者共发作 10种形态室速 ,消融成功 9种 ,复发 1种。平均手术时间 144min ,X线曝光时间 6 5min。结论 :对器质性心脏病反复发作的持续性单形性室速 ,RFCA是可行的治疗方法     

CARTO标测指导下射频消融治疗特发性右室流出道室性心动过速

目的探讨CARTO标测特发性右室流出道室速(RVOT-VT)的方法和对射频消融(RFCA)的指导作用;分析RVOT-VT起源点与12导联心电图的关系,探讨12导联心电图对RVOT-VT起源点定位的辅助作用.方法14例特发性RVOT-VT患者,男性6例、女性8例,平均年龄39.0±8.0岁.所有病人均行常规电生理检查,对诱发室性心动过速(VT)或有频发室性早搏(PVCs)的病人,采用CARTO标测VT或PVCs的最早激动点作为RFCA的靶点.如不能诱发VT或无频发PVCs患者,在窦性心律下标测RVOT的解剖结构,然后进行起搏标测,寻找起搏ECG与临床上VT或PVCs的ECG相同或相似的最佳起搏点作为RFCA的靶点.通过成功地RFCA确定每例VT起源点在RVOT的部位,然后分析每例VT起源点对应的12导联心电图特征.结果14例病人中,有8例病人手术时在基础状态下或静滴异丙肾上腺素后有频发的PVCs,通过捕捉和标测PVCs重构RVOT的解剖结构和PVCs的电激动顺序,顺利地标出PVCs的最早激动点作为RFCA的靶点.另6例临床上有持续性VT的病人,有2例术中诱发出持续性VT.在VT状态下用CARTO标测VT的最早激动点作为RFCA的靶点.2例只诱发短阵持续性VT和另2例只有在静滴异丙肾上腺素后诱发出非持续性VT的患者,用起搏标测找出最佳消融,靶点.所有14例RVOT-VT均成功地进行了RFCA,成功率为100%.VT起源于间隔部8例(58%),后壁4例(28%),外侧壁2例(14%).Ⅰ、aVL和aVR导联上的QRS波形态有助于确定VT起源点在间隔部或游离壁;V3导联上的R/S比值有助于确定VT起源点在RVOT的上部或下部.结论CARTO标测通过在VT或PVCs时行激动顺序标测或无VT和PVCs时行起搏标测可以准确地确定VT或PVCs的起源点,并有效地指导RFCA.VT或PVCs的十二导联心电图有助于在术前定位VT或PVCs在RVOT的起源点.     

特发性室性心动过速射频消融治疗的方法学研究

目的总结不同起源部位特发性室性心动过速(idiopathic ventricular tacycardia,IVT)经导管射频消融(radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA)治疗的方法与结果,并对其方法学进行研究.方法85例IVT行RFCA治疗,ILVT中起自间隔部者以最早的P电位处为靶点,其他部位的IVT均以起搏与VT时12导联心电图QRS波形态完全相同处或最早心室激动处为靶点.结果RFCA治疗IVT的成功率为96.5%,ILVT为95.6%,IRVT为97.5%,复发率为3.6%.结论IVT射频消融治疗的关键是消融靶点的标测和确定.IVT发作时体表心电图表现具有特异性,可根据心电图表现确定其起源位置.投照体位的合理应用可以提高标测、消融的成功率.IVT的RFCA是一种成功率较高的根治性治疗法,但仍然有些因素影响其成功率.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.