迷迭香酸对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗氧化作用的研究

目的 观察迷迭香酸对D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用.方法 昆明小鼠连续6 w颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖1mg·g-1·d-1复制亚急性衰老小鼠模型.造模的过程中,3个给药组(低、中、高剂量) 分别以100、200和400 mg·kg-1·d-1的迷迭香酸分析纯灌胃;同时设立3个含有等效剂量迷迭香酸的迷迭香提取物给药组(1 000、2 000和4 000 mg·kg-1·d-1)对比灌胃.实验6 w后处死动物,测定血清和脑中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、甘油三酯(TG)水平;以及进行耐缺氧实验. 结果 高剂量的迷迭香酸能明显提高衰老小鼠血清和脑中的SOD活力(P＜0.01)、GSH-Px活性(P＜0.05),降低MDA含量(P＜0.05)和TG水平(P＜0.05),且能明显延长小鼠常压耐缺氧时间(P＜0.05).结论 迷迭香酸通过提高抗氧化酶活性,清除自由基,减少过氧化脂质生成而抗衰老.     

松果菊苷抗氧化作用研究

目的 研究管花肉苁蓉中松果菊苷(echinacoside,ECH)抗氧化、耐缺氧、抗疲劳等抗衰老作用.方法 以维生素E[VE,100mg/(kg*d)]为对照,观察低、中、高剂量[10mg/(kg*d)、20mg/(kg*d)、40mg/(kg*d)]ECH对正常健康小鼠和D-半乳糖亚急性衰老模型小鼠的影响.测定正常小鼠常压耐缺氧和负重游泳时间,检测衰老小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,放射免疫法测定外周血白介素-2(IL-2)含量.计算亚急性衰老模型小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数.结果 ECH和VE能够延长健康小鼠常压耐缺氧和负重游泳时间(P＜0.01);ECH和VE能提高衰老小鼠血清SOD活性(P＜0.01),降低血清MDA含量(P＜0.01),升高外周血IL-2含量(P＜0.05),增加脾指数(P＜0.01)和胸腺指数(P＜0.01).结论 ECH能拮抗自由基损伤,提高健康小鼠常压耐缺氧和负重游泳时间,增加脾指数和胸腺指数,具有抗氧化,增强免疫力,延缓衰老,抗疲劳作用.     

乙酰谷酰胺抗疲劳作用的研究

目的 探讨乙酰谷酰胺抗疲劳作用.方法 对小鼠灌胃乙酰谷酰胺200 mg/(kg·d),以负重游泳为运动模型,测定力竭游泳时间、血红蛋白(HB)、定量负荷后血乳酸和血尿素氮(BUN)及缺氧耐受时间.结果 乙酰谷酰胺能够增加机体HB的含量,延长小鼠力竭游泳时间和耐缺氧时间,降低定量负荷后血乳酸和BUN水平.结论 乙酰谷酰胺具有消除疲劳,提高运动能力的作用.     

江苏地产白首乌C21甾苷抗衰老作用研究

目的研究江苏地产白首乌C21甾苷(C21 steroidal glycoside,CSG)抗氧化、耐缺氧、抗疲劳等抗衰老作用。方法以维生素E[VE,100mg/(kg.d)]为对照,观察CSG低、中、高剂量组[10mg/(kg.d)、20mg/(kg.d)、40mg/(kg.d),即CL、CM、CH组]对小鼠常压耐缺氧试验,负重游泳试验和D-半乳糖(D-gal)亚急性衰老模型小鼠的影响。测定小鼠常压耐缺氧和负重游泳时间,取血清、心、肝、脑组织,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,ELISA法检测端粒酶活性。结果与正常对照组相比,CSG和VE能够延长健康小鼠常压耐缺氧和负重游泳时间,提高D-gal模型小鼠血清、心、肝、脑SOD活性,降低MDA含量;中、高剂量CSG组小鼠血清端粒酶活性升高;CSG低、中、高剂量组及VE组小鼠心脏端粒酶活性均升高(P<0.01);CSG及VE对小鼠肝及脑组织端粒酶活性无影响。结论CSG能拮抗自由基损伤,提高健康小鼠常压耐缺氧和负重游泳时间,提高D-gal衰老模型小鼠血清、心、肝、脑组织SOD活性,减少MDA含量,提高心脏组织中端粒酶活性。具有抗氧化、延缓衰老、抗疲劳作用。     

灵芪安神口服液抗疲劳、耐缺氧、增强记忆力和兴奋性的实验研究

目的：观察灵芪安神口服液（LQASL）对老年小鼠耐缺氧,抗疲劳,增强记忆力和兴奋性的作用。,方法：分老年小鼠组,青年小组组,LOASL 20g/kg.d组和LQASL 40g/kg.d组,采用灌胃给药途径连续30d,分别用耐缺氧,游泳,电迷宫实验和旷场分析对小鼠耐缺窒息死亡时间,抗疲荣和记忆能力以及兴奋性进行评价,结果LQASL能显著提高小鼠耐缺氧,抗疲劳和记忆能力以及中枢兴奋性（P＜0．01）,且有一定的量效关系。结论：LQASL能有效地改善机体衰老功能,而有效的延缓衰老。     

番茄红素对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用

目的观察番茄红素对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法用D-半乳糖复制亚急性衰老小鼠模型,实验分空白对照组、模型对照组、番茄红素组(20与40mg·kg-1.d-1)和维生素E组(100mg·kg-1.d-1),实验6w后处死动物,测定血清、肝脏及脑组织中的丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。结果番茄红素可显著降低衰老小鼠血清、肝脏及脑组织中的MDA含量,提高SOD、GSH-Px活性。结论番茄红素有一定的抗衰老作用。     

葡萄籽原花青素耐缺氧作用的实验研究

目的观察葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)的耐缺氧作用.方法采用小鼠常压耐缺氧实验和小鼠断头实验,观察GSP对缺氧小鼠存活时间、耗氧量及断头后张口喘气时间的影响.结果 GSP能明显延长常压缺氧小鼠的存活时间及脑缺氧小鼠张口喘气时间,降低耗氧量.结论 GSP具有耐缺氧作用,其作用机制可能与增加大脑供血和降低心脑耗氧有关.     

普伐他汀对病毒性心肌炎小鼠缝隙连接蛋白43的调节

目的 通过比较普伐他汀不同剂量干预组和模型对照组小鼠的缝隙连接蛋白43(connexin43,Cr43)及细胞因子干扰素(IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(IL)-10的表达水平,探讨普伐他汀对急性病毒性心肌炎及其心律失常的作用,不同剂量疗效的差别及其作用机制.方法 取雄性4周龄Balb/c小鼠,分为模型对照组、普伐他汀40 mg·kg-1·d-1组、普伐他汀80 mg·kg-1·d-1组[以上3组均予以腹腔接种柯萨奇病毒B组3型(CVB3)],空白对照组和毒性实验组(以上2组均予以Eagle's 液腹腔注射).接种病毒当天(第O天),即开始给药.模型对照组和空白对照组给予生理盐水灌胃,毒性实验组用药同普伐他汀80 mg·kg-1·d-1组,持续2周.第14天处死存活鼠.ELISA、实时定量PCR法和免疫组织化学法检测Cx43、IFN-γ和IL-10改变.结果 模型对照组Cx43 mRNA明显少于普伐他汀40 mg·kg-1·d-1组和普伐他汀80 mg·kg-1·d-1组(1.000±0.127比1.320±0.096和1.550±0.126,P均＜0.05),免疫组织化学染色结果基本一致(0.16±0.06比4.55±0.73和5.21±0.42,P均＜0.01).普伐他汀40 mg·kg-1·d-1组、普伐他汀80 mg·kg-1·d-1组IL-10 mRNA表达明显高于模型对照组(1.810±0.029和2.140±0.032比1.000±0.031,P均＜0.05),而IFN-γ mRNA 模型对照组则高于普伐他汀40 mg·kg-1·d-1组、普伐他汀80 mg·kg-1·d-1组(1.000±0.061比0.603±0.063和0.333±0.071,P均＜0.01),血清IFN-γ、IL-10蛋白水平的改变与其核酸水平的改变基本一致.结论 普伐他汀对病毒性心肌炎有一定的疗效.普伐他汀能减轻Cx43基因及蛋白表达的降低,维持IFN-γ、IL-10基因的平衡表达,表明它可通过调节细胞因子的平衡和维持缝隙连接蛋白的正常表达发挥抗病毒性心肌炎及抗心律失常的作用.     

四类降压药物两两联合治疗肾血管性高血压大鼠左室重构研究

目的:通过两两药物联合应用治疗高血压,对比药物联合治疗的降压效果,并探讨其对左室重构的作用。方法:用两肾一夹法建立高血压大鼠模型,65只SD大鼠随机分为:假手术组(n=10);高血压组(n=11);β-B+血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)组(n=11)予以比索洛尔5mg·kg-1·d-1及贝那普利5mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃;β-B+血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)组(n=11)予以比索洛尔5mg·kg-1·d-1及替米沙坦10mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃;ACEI+ARB组(n=11)予以贝那普利5mg·kg-1·d-1及替米沙坦10mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃;ACEI+钙拮抗剂(CCB)组(n=11)予以贝那普利5mg·kg-1·d-1及氨氯地平2.5mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃;期间每2周给大鼠测量鼠尾动脉压和超声心动图;20周后采集标本,用免疫组化法检测胶原Ⅲ、胶原Ⅳ及心钠素。结果:各用药组血压降低程度明显,其中ACEI+CCB组(P<0·01),与假手术组相近,且比其他用药组血压降低明显(P<0·05)。β-B+ACEI组和β-B+ARB组胶原Ⅲ、胶原Ⅳ含量较高血压组降低(P<0·05),ACEI+A...     

盐酸埃他卡林对高血压肾脏损害的保护作用

目的研究盐酸埃他卡林(Ipt)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)肾脏损害的实验治疗学作用。方法将30只SHR分为Ipt1、3、9mg·kg-1·d-13个剂量组,贝那普利3mg·kg-1·d-1治疗组及SHR空白对照组,另设同月龄WKY大鼠为正常对照,灌胃给药每天1次,给药12周,观察其对大鼠的血压、心率、尿蛋白、肾组织病理改变以及血液和肾组织内皮素(ET-1)和转化生长因子(TGF)-β1影响。结果实验12周内,SHR对照组血压和心率进行性增高。Ipt3个剂量组均能有效降低SHR的血压,Ipt3、9mg·kg-1·d-1还可抑制SHR心率加快的趋势。而且Ipt1、3、9mg·kg-1·d-1均可减少尿蛋白排泄量,延缓肾小动脉的重塑,改善肾功能,降低SHR血液及肾组织ET-1和TGF-β1浓度的含量。但Ipt3、9mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组延缓SHR肾小动脉的重塑较1mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组明显。结论Ipt1、3、9mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组均在有效地控制SHR血压的同时,对SHR肾脏具有保护作用,此作用可能与其抑制血液及肾组织局部ET-1和TGF-β1水平有关。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.