去甲斑蝥素肝动脉栓塞缓释微球的制备及其体外释放性评价

目的:制备去甲斑蝥素肝动脉栓塞缓释微球(NCTD-MS),并考察其体外释放特性。方法:以NCTD为主药,海藻酸钠ALG)/壳聚糖(CS)为复合载体,采用内部凝胶化法制备NCTD-MS;选取ALG浓度、凝胶化反应剂冰醋酸的用量、药物-载体重量比(简称药载比)为因素,以粒径偏差、载药量及包封率为指标进行正交设计优化最佳处方并进行验证;动态透析法考察微球在不同介质(磷酸盐缓冲液和生理盐水)中的体外释放特性,并与NCTD原料药的释放性进行比较。结果:最佳处方为ALG浓度2.0%、冰醋酸1.0mL、药-载重量比0.8∶1,以该处方制备的微球平均粒径为(309.75±2.19)μm、载药量为(12.65±0.87)%、包封率为(68.66±0.38)%;NCTD-MS在2种介质中24h释放可达80%,释放行为均遵循Weibull方程,而NCTD原料药在3h内即释放完毕。结论:NCTD-MS制备工艺简单,缓释效果明显。     

响应面设计优化超临界CO_2法制备盐酸小檗碱脂质体的处方工艺

目的采用中心复合设计实验优化超临界CO2法制备盐酸小檗碱脂质体的处方工艺。方法考察药脂质量比和磷脂质量浓度对盐酸小檗碱脂质体包封率的影响,采用中心复合设计实验对超临界制备盐酸小檗碱处方工艺进行优化,并利用响应曲面法进行优化分析。结果最优的工艺条件为:药脂质量比为13.2∶60,磷脂质量浓度为30 g.L-1,理论包封率为73.30%,载药量为15.98%。在此条件下的实际包封率为(72.15±1.9)%,载药量为15.74%,接近理论预测值。结论作者研究的超临界CO2法制备盐酸小檗碱脂质体,实现了包封率与载药量的最佳组合,且工艺简单,适合工业生产。     

卡维地洛pH敏感性N-琥珀酰壳聚糖-海藻酸钙水凝胶的制备工艺优选

目的:优选卡维地洛pH敏感性N-琥珀酰壳聚糖-海藻酸钙水凝胶的最佳制备工艺,并考察其pH敏感性。方法:以包封率和载药量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交试验优选其制备工艺。评价水凝胶在不同pH值溶液中的pH敏感性。结果:优选的最佳工艺为2%(w/v)N-琥珀酰壳聚糖,2%(w/v)海藻酸钠,2%(w/v)氯化钙,药物与海藻酸钠的质量比为1∶4(g/g)。水凝胶在pH1.5的溶液中几乎不溶胀,在pH6.8的溶液中溶胀度最大。结论:优选的制备工艺合理可行,制备的水凝胶具有明显的pH敏感性及缓释效果。     

卡铂微囊的制备及其在小鼠体内的组织分布

目的:优化卡铂-乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物微囊的制备处方并考察其在小鼠体内的组织分布。方法:采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备载药微囊,U15均匀设计表筛选提高包封率和控制粒径分布的条件。以卡铂原料药为对照,等离子体原子发射光谱法测定小鼠单剂量尾静脉注射给药后0.08~48h各组织中的药物浓度。结果:优化处方所得载药微囊粒径为(14.25±3.52)μm,载药量为(6.81±0.04)%,包封率为(74.13±0.56)%(n=3)。与原料药对照,卡铂微囊在肺组织中的药物峰浓度增加1.76倍,药物分布百分率较高(31.97%~45.59%);而心脏和肾组织中的药物峰浓度降低、药-时曲线下面积减小。结论:优化工艺合理,重现性良好。卡铂微囊在肺组织的药物浓度和分布百分率均较高,呈明显的肺靶向效应。     

长春西汀聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸缓释微球的研制

目的:制备长春西汀聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸(PLGA)缓释微球,并研究其药剂学性质。方法:采用改良O/W乳化-溶剂挥发法制备微球,以PLGA浓度、理论载药量、有机相与分散介质的比例和分散介质中明胶的浓度为4因素,每个因素选定3个水平,按L9(34)的正交设计方案,以载药量、包封率和粒径分布为指标,优化处方。用扫描电镜观察微球的形态,用光学显微镜观察并计算微球的粒径分布,用差示扫描量热(DSC)法研究药物在载体中的分散状态,用紫外分光光度法检测微球中长春西汀含量并计算载药量和包封率,用动态透析释药法进行微球的体外释放研究。结果:最佳处方为PLGA浓度16%,理论载药量20%,有机相与分散介质的比例1:10,分散介质中明胶的浓度1%;制备的长春西汀PLGA缓释微球的形态圆整、光滑,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为(10.0±0.18)μm(n=500),DSC法分析药物确已被包裹于微球中,载药量为(18.46±0.26)%,包封率为(91.30±0.98)%(n=3),24h累积释药率约为18%。结论:长春西汀PLGA缓释微球制备工艺稳定,质量符合药剂学要求,缓释性好。     

正交试验优选氧化苦参碱毫微粒的制备工艺

目的:优选氧化苦参碱毫微粒的制备工艺。方法:采用正交试验法,以包封率和载药量为评价指标,以氧化苦参碱的用量、聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯的用量、介质的pH值、混合时间为因素优选制备工艺。结果:最佳优化条件为160mg的氧化苦参碱及80mg的聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯在pH2.0的条件下混合3h,载药量为(16.90±0.25)%,包封率为(72.75±0.19)%。结论:优选处方和制备工艺稳定可行,可为开发氧化苦参碱的新剂型提供参考。     

胸腺五肽脂质体的研制

目的:制备胸腺五肽脂质体并进行质量评价。方法:采用复乳法制备胸腺五肽脂质体,以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)及卵磷脂为成球材料、以胸腺五肽为主药制备脂质体。以明胶浓度、PLGA浓度和卵磷脂浓度为考察因素,以包封率和载药量为考察指标设计L(934)正交试验优化基质处方并进行验证试验。通过测定优化处方所制脂质体粒径、包封率、体外累积释放百分率等评价脂质体质量。结果:优化基质处方为明胶、PLGA和卵磷脂浓度分别为100、200、100mg.mL-1。所制脂质体形态完整,平均粒径为(9.03±0.83)μm,载药量与包封率分别为(1.81±0.03)与(74.4±1.4),20d的累积释药百分率达90以上。结论:所制胸腺五肽脂质体工艺简单、重现性好,包封率和载药量高,具有显著的缓释作用。     

α-细辛脑海藻酸钙微球的制备及体外释放药物考察

目的研究α-细辛脑海藻酸钙微球的制备工艺,测定微球中α-细辛脑的体外释放度。方法采用乳化-内部凝胶化法制备海藻酸钙微球,正交试验设计优化制备工艺,分光光度法测定α-细辛脑的含量。结果最优工艺微球球形圆整,载药量为1.17%,包封率为2.40%,微球的平均粒径为17.97μm,大部分微球粒径分布在7~30μm（93.67%）,体外释放符合双相动力学方程Q/100=0.8276-0.0506exp（-1909t）-0.777exp（-0.4405t）。结论以海藻酸钠为载体、乳化-内部凝胶化法制备了海藻酸钙微球,获得微球制备工艺。     

硫酸铵梯度法制备莫西沙星脂质体的工艺研究

目的 制备具有较高包封率和载药量且体外放置稳定的莫西沙星脂质体。方法 采用硫酸铵梯度法制备包载莫西沙星的脂质体,以粒径及其分布和包封率、载药量为指标对处方和工艺进行优化。结果 最佳制备条件为：空白脂质体中硫酸铵质量浓度70 mg/mL、磷脂质量浓度50 mg/mL、脂质体粒径120 nm左右、透析时间5 h、载药时药脂比2∶3、孵育温度40 ℃、孵育时间30 min。制备得到的莫西沙星脂质体粒径为（143.00±3.98）nm,包封率为（74.56±3.21）%,载药量为（26.39±1.88）%。结论 硫酸铵梯度法制备的莫西沙星脂质体包封率较高,粒径均一,室温放置稳定性良好。     

Box-Behnken效应面法优化石杉碱甲纳米结构脂质载体处方

目的采用Box-Behnken效应面法筛选石杉碱甲纳米结构脂质载体最佳处方。方法采用熔融超声-高压匀质法制备石杉碱甲纳米结构脂质载体,分别以混合脂质(X1)、混合乳化剂(X2)和脂药比(X3)为考察对象,以粒径(Y1)、包封率(Y2)和载药量(Y3)为评价指标,利用三因素三水平Box-Behnken效应面设计法筛选石杉碱甲纳米结构脂质载体的最佳处方。结果按最优处方制备的纳米粒粒径为(121.67±3.21)nm、包封率为(89.18±0.28)%、载药量为(1.46±0.05)%,与预测值偏差均小于5%。结论采用Box-Behnken效应面法优化石杉碱甲纳米结构脂质载体处方是有效、可行的。     

鞣花酸壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的制备工艺

目的:优化鞣花酸壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的最佳制备工艺。方法:采用一步法,以壳聚糖-海藻酸钠作为载体材料制备鞣花酸微球,并以微球载药量和包封率为考察指标,通过单因素筛选及正交设计优化出鞣花酸壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的制备工艺。用溶出仪在900 ml释放介质(pH 6.86)和120 r·min^-1转速条件下测定释放度。结果:优化工艺为海藻酸钠与药物比为3:1,氯化钙质量分数为2%,海藻酸钠质量分数为2%,壳聚糖质量分数为0.1%,温度为60℃,pH为5,所得鞣花酸平均粒径为(980±100)μm,平均载药量为27.22%,平均包封率为97.73%,48 h释放度为74.22%。结论:本制备工艺稳定,操作简便,重现性好,可用于鞣花酸壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的制备。     

酮洛芬果胶钙凝胶小球和海藻酸钙凝胶小球的制备及性能比较

目的酮洛芬果胶钙凝胶小球和酮洛芬海藻酸钙凝胶小球的制备及性能比较。方法利用果胶、海藻酸钠及二者不同比例,以酮洛芬为模型药物采用滴制法制备凝胶小球,考察2种多糖物质对药物包封率和释放行为的影响。利用大鼠肠囊外翻实验对凝胶小球的生物黏附性能进行比较,通过对释放机理的探讨和凝胶小球溶胀性的测定进一步证明2种凝胶小球释药行为的不同。结果酮洛芬果胶钙凝胶小球和酮洛芬海藻酸钙凝胶小球均具有良好的生物黏附性能,果胶钙凝胶小球主要通过溶胀作用缓慢释药,而海藻酸钙凝胶小球的释药与凝胶小球慢慢吸水后骨架溶蚀有关。结论酮洛芬果胶钙凝胶小球和酮洛芬海藻酸钙凝胶小球通过与生物黏膜的紧密结合缓慢释药,而二者的释放行为有所不同。     

微射流法制备注射用丝裂霉素纳米粒及其溶血试验研究

目的:采用微射流法制备注射用丝裂霉素C-聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒(MMC-PBCA-NPs)并考察其溶血性。方法:采用乳化聚合法制备MMC-PBCA-NPs粗乳,再经微射流高压均质机制备注射用MMC-PBCA-NPs溶液,采用紫外分光光度法测定其包封率和载药量,观察其粒径及形态等;以家兔进行制剂溶血试验。结果:所制备注射用MMC-PBCA-NPs分散性好,包封率和载药量分别为(85·1±3·8)%和(7·0±0·2)%,平均粒径为(113·5±3·86)nm,形态为圆形,溶血反应为阴性。结论:微射流法用于制备注射用丝裂霉素纳米粒是可行的。     

Microencapsulation of a recombinant aminopeptidase (PepN) from Lactobacillus rhamnosus S93 in chitosan-coated alginate beads

A recombinant aminopeptidase (90 kDa) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus S93 produced by E. coli was encapsulated in alginate or chitosan-treated alginate beads prepared by an extrusion method. This study investigated the effects of alginate, CaCl2, chitosan concentrations, hardening time, pH and alginate/enzyme ratios on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and the enzyme release (ER). Chitosan in the gelling solution significantly increased the EE from 30.2% (control) to 88.6% (coated). This polycationic polymer retarded the ER from beads during their dissolution in release buffer. An increase in alginate and chitosan concentrations led to greater EE and lesser ER from the beads. The greatest EE was observed in a pH 5.4 solution (chitosan-CaCl2) during bead formation. Increasing the CaCl2 concentration over 0.1 M neither affected the EE nor the ER. Increasing hardening time beyond 10 min led to a decrease in EE and the alginate:enzyme ratio (3 : 1) was optimal to prevent the ER.     

Preparation of pH-sensitive beads for NSAID using three-component gel systems

The aim of this study is to prepare novel pH-sensitive beads to obtain a gastric mucosa protective formulation and to ensure drug delivery into the intestine. Diclofenac sodium was used as a model drug. Bead formation was achieved by ionotropic gelation method using three-component gel system containing sodium alginate (Na-Alg), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Factors influencing the characteristics of beads (exposure time, cross-linking agent concentration, polymer ratio) were investigated by swelling and erosion tests based on gravimetric method. Drug release was tested in distilled water and/or artificial digestive fluids and evaluated with Korsmeyer–Peppas equation and Baker–Lonsdale model. The encapsulation behaviour was qualitatively indicated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. In vivo experiments were conducted to test ulcerogenicity and intestinal absorption in rats. HPMC increased the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and HEC improved the drug release in the intestinal fluids. The equilibrium water uptake (EWU) was correlated with exposure time, calcium chloride concentration and HEC amounts. Bead erosion increased proportionately to exposure time, while it reduced when calcium chloride concentrations were increased. Higher amounts of HEC increased, while higher pH values reduced the encapsulation efficacy. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the studied encapsulation technology markedly reduced the ulcerogenic effect of diclofenac. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4285–4295, 2009     

利福喷丁/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纳米粒的制备及处方工艺优化

目的： 研制负载利福喷丁的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）,PLGA]纳米粒,并对其处方及制备工艺进行优化。方法： 采用快速膜乳化法制备利福喷丁/PLGA纳米粒。通过单因素实验考察了乳化剂浓度、PLGA浓度、油相/水相体积比、初乳制备转速、初乳制备时间、过膜压力、过膜次数对纳米粒制备的影响。在此基础上以粒径、载药率、包封率为评价指标,使用正交实验设计对纳米粒制备的处方工艺进行优化,以TOPSIS法进行多指标综合分析。然后对最优处方工艺进行验证,并对载药纳米粒的体外释药行为进行考察。结果： 经最优处方工艺制备的载药纳米粒,粒径（428±11.4）nm,粒径分布为（0.186±0.036）,包封率为（76.89±2.6）%,载药率为（10.89±1.2）%。用透视电镜观察呈均匀分布的球形。在体外药物释放实验中,药物在72 h内累计释放了78.81%。结论： 采用快速膜乳化可以简单快捷地制备均匀圆整、包封性好、具有良好缓释性能的利福喷丁/PLGA纳米粒,并为新型抗结核精准治疗的开发提供了基础。     

阿西美辛海藻酸钙凝胶微丸释药影响因素考察

目的:考察阿西美辛海藻酸钙凝胶微丸的释药机制。方法:采用滴制法制备阿西美辛海藻酸钙微丸,考察海藻酸钠浓度,钙离子浓度,投药量,滴头直径大小对药物释放的影响。结果:海藻酸钠浓度增加,钙离子浓度增加,滴头直径增加,释药速率减慢。结论:在体外释放度实验中,阿西美辛海藻酸钙凝胶微丸具有良好的缓释作用,海藻酸钙凝胶微丸是一种非常有潜力的药物载体。     

Shape,optimization and in vitro evaluation of colon-specific multi-particulate system based on low-methoxy amidated pectin and polycarbophil

Natural polysaccharides are widely used for development of colon-specific drug delivery systems. The present study was carried out to develop multi-particulate calcium pectinate (Ca-pectinate) formulations for colon-targeted delivery of lornoxicam. The formulations were developed using a combination of polycarbophil and low-methoxy amidated pectin. The beads were prepared using an ionotropic gelation technique. The effects of the polycarbophil and low-methoxy amidated pectin concentrations on the beads characteristics, encapsulation efficiency, swelling study and drug release performance were investigated. The optimized formulation was evaluated for its morphological characteristics. The in vitro drug release of the optimized formulation over a period of 12 h was 96.78 ± 1.35 %. The concentration of the polycarbophil was a decisive factor in sustaining drug release in the colon. The study revealed that optimized Ca-pectinate beads prepared with polycarbophil can efficiently encapsulate lornoxicam. It also showed that these beads can potentially be used for colon-specific delivery of lornoxicam.     

正交试验优选白藜芦醇微囊处方

目的：优选白藜芦醇微囊的处方。方法：采用滴制法制备白藜芦醇微囊,以海藻酸钠黏度、海藻酸钠与白藜芦醇质量比、海藻酸钠质量分数、氯化钙质量分数为考察因素,以白藜芦醇载药量和包封率的综合评分为评价指标,采用正交试验优选白藜芦醇微囊处方。结果：最优处方为海藻酸钠黏度为380cps、海藻酸钠与白藜芦醇的质量比为0．5：1、海藻酸钠质量分数为2．0％、氯化钙质量分数为3．0％。结论：所选白藜芦醇微囊处方合理,制得的白藜芦醇微囊裁药量和包封率较高。