低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的原因和防治

目的探讨低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘发生的原因及防治措施。方法对低位直肠癌保肛术后出现吻合口瘘的回顾性分析。结果2001年1月~2007年6月共施行直肠癌保肛手术255例,出现吻合口瘘28例,占10.98%,均通过有效的处理措施得到满意的治疗效果。结论吻合口瘘是低位直肠癌保肛手术后最主要的并发症之一,通过了解吻合口瘘常见的发生原因,并在不同阶段做好防治措施,从而避免和减少吻合口瘘的发生。     

精准手术在防止低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘中的作用

[背景]探讨手术操作对防止低位直肠癌吻合口瘘发生的影响.[病例报告]自2006年3月至2009年12月间使用双吻合器技术及直肠全系膜切除行低位直肠癌保肛术214例,低位直肠癌的保肛率提高,局部复发率降低,术后发生吻合瘘为12例(5.6%),通过精细的手术操作减少了吻合口瘘的发生.[讨论]精准的手术操作对防止低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘发生有意义.     

大肠内加腹腔引流治疗保肛术后吻合口瘘

目的：探讨低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的非手术治疗方法。方法：在低位直肠癌保肛术中常规经肛门通过吻合口放置大肠内引流管,于骶前吻合口后方置引流管1根,并对31例术后出现吻合口瘘的患者持续保留或再置入大肠内引流管进行治疗。结果：31例均痊愈出院,术后随访半年以上,无吻合口狭窄、盆腔脓肿等并发症。结论：持续保留大肠内引流联合腹腔引流是保守治疗低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的有效方法。     

低位直肠癌双吻合器保肛术后吻合口瘘的防治

目的 探讨低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的发生原因和防治措施.方法 分析89例低位直肠癌患者使用双吻合器技术(DST)行保肛术后吻合瘘发生原因,探讨其治疗方法.结果 89例术后发生吻合口瘘8例(9.0%),其中6例经冲洗、引流、营养支持、抗感染等保守治疗后瘘口愈合,2例行横结肠造口术治愈.结论 低位直肠癌保肛手术发生吻合口瘘原因复杂,充分的术前准备、规范的操作,及时发现并处理是防治吻合口瘘的关键.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的危险因素分析及预防对策

目的探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的危险因素分析以及预防情况。方法选取我院2016年7月份至2017年7月份收治的低位直肠癌患者50例作为此次研究参与的对象。患者均实施腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术。对患者术后吻合口瘘的危险因素进行分析和归纳,并制定相应预防对策。结果 50例患者术后有4例出现吻合口瘘,占8.0%。回归分析显示腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的独立危险因素包括术前白蛋白、肠梗阻、病灶大小。结论低位直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术治疗,术后容易出现吻合口瘘,可予以预防性造口,临床上需要加强防范。     

26例回盲肠预防性带水囊置管造瘘术在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用体会

目的探讨低位直肠癌保肛术吻合口瘘的预防措施。方法对26例低位直肠癌行保肛术,术中用24号气囊导尿管经回盲瓣行回肠置管造瘘,预防术后吻合口瘘。结果无1例发生吻合口瘘。结论在低位直肠癌保肛术中使用24号气囊导尿管经回盲瓣行回肠置管造瘘,可有效的预防术后吻合口瘘。     

弗利氏尿管在低位直肠癌保肛根治术预防吻合口瘘的应用

目的：探讨弗利氏尿管在低位直肠癌保肛根治术预防和治疗吻合口瘘的临床效果。方法：对28例低位直肠癌患者保肛根治术,术中经末端回肠置弗利氏尿管造瘘,术后对骶前引流管及造瘘管的观察护理、缩肛运动指导。结果：本组术后发生吻合口瘘1例,发生率3.57%,无再次手术病例,肛门括约肌收缩功能存在,保肛率100%。结论：低位直肠癌保肛根治术术中末端回肠置弗利氏尿管造瘘,能有效预防和治疗吻合口瘘的发生。     

低位保肛手术治疗直肠癌的疗效分析

目的:探讨低位保肛手术治疗直肠癌的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2012年6月~2013年7月期间收治的98例行手术治疗低位直肠癌的病患资料,并分析保肛手术治疗低位直肠癌的临床效果。所有的病患均采用吻合器行肠吻合。结果:术后患者出现局部复发10例,局部复发率为10.2%。其中1个月内复发1例,1~2个月内复发2例,2~3个月内复发6例。术后3个月内存活84例,存活率为85.7%。术后发生吻合口瘘1例,吻合口狭窄2例,均经肠道造瘘术治疗后痊愈。结论:低位直肠癌行保肛手术可以明显的提高患者生存质量,保肛手术可以作为手术治疗低位直肠癌的首选术式。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术吻合口瘘的防治

目的：探讨低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的原因及防治。方法：对1999年6月-2002年6月低位直肠癌保肛术后7例吻合口瘘回顾性分析。结果：吻合口瘘发生率213％(7／302)，均经引流、抗炎、营养支持等治疗后痊愈。结论：吻合口瘘是可以预防的，治疗的关键是充分引流。     

低位结肠癌保肛手术28例分析

目的:总结低位直肠癌保肛手术应用效果及并发症防治经验.方法:回顾性分析28例低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床资料.结果:本组行低位或超低位前切除术28例,其中26例使用吻合器吻合,2例拖出式手工吻合加保护性回肠造口术;术后发生吻合口瘘2例(7.1%),术后1年随访20例局部复发1例(5%);无吻合口出血、狭窄等情况发生.结论:低位直肠癌保肛是安全有效的,在应用过程中必须注意直肠全系膜切除及盆腔自主神经的保护,重视吻合口瘘的预防.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.