Enclose Ⅱ在148例非体外循环冠脉旁路移植术中的临床应用分析

目的 总结冠脉搭桥近端吻合辅助器（Enclose Ⅱ）在不停跳冠状动脉脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）中应用的临床经验和体会.方法 自2009年8月至2013年5月我们对148例冠心病患者在施行OPCAB手术时应用Enclose Ⅱ行主动脉近端吻合,男性109例,女性39例,年龄51～83（60.1±3.2）岁.结果 应用Enclose Ⅱ完成近端吻合口298个,其中大隐静脉与升主动脉近端吻合263个,桡动脉35个,平均（2.01±0.80）个吻合口/例.围术期无死亡,无心肌梗死和脑卒中,术中未出现升主动脉破裂和急性主动脉夹层.结论 OPCAB术中应用EncloeⅡ完成近端吻合口,减少和减轻了对升主动脉的操作和损伤,尤其对主动脉钙化严重的患者,能有效避免因主动脉操作而引起主动脉破裂和急性主动脉夹层的发生,降低因斑块脱落引起的围术期心肌梗死和脑卒中的发生.     

不停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术使用Enclose Ⅱ近端吻合器的护理配合

目的总结55例EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器取代侧壁钳,在不停搏冠状动脉(冠脉)旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grating,CABG)中的应用护理。方法自2013年5月至2015年3月,55例非体外循环下CABG使用EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器。护士在术前做好准备,做好麻醉期间护理和术中温度护理,手术期间密切配合手术医生。结果巡回及洗手护士熟练掌握EncloseⅡ装置的使用方法与步骤,成功完成所有使用EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器装置的手术配合,没有患者发生吻合口渗漏,无1例出现神经系统并发症。结论熟悉EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器使用方法及步骤,备齐CABG所需器械、缝线,密切配合手术医生,简便医生实施近端吻合,可以缩短手术时间并减少患者出现脑部并发症,提高手术质量。     

Enclose Ⅱ主动脉近端吻合器在非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术中的应用

目的:总结600例Enclose Ⅱ主动脉近端吻合器在非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术中的使用经验和体会。方法:自2006年1月至2009年12月,全组病例600例,平均年龄(63.2±9.1)岁。肝素1mg/kg抗凝下,于升主动脉置入Enclose Ⅱ主动脉近端吻合器使吻合器内膜和动脉壁之间形成无血环境,以6-0prolene缝线吻合大隐静脉于升主动脉上。结果:全组患者死亡2例,3例于术后恢复期下地活动后出现突发脑梗死,对症治疗恢复良好。5例因置入点出血行二次开胸止血术,其余患者均于术后7～14d痊愈出院。结论:Enclose Ⅱ主动脉近端吻合器,在非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术中的应用具有良好的安全性和稳定性,明显降低术后脑血管并发症发生率。     

Enclose Ⅱ主动脉近端吻合器在升主动脉钙化的非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的评价EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器在升主动脉钙化的非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)中应用的临床效果。方法入选2008年3月至2015年5月,在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行冠状动脉旁路移植术且升主动脉严重钙化的患者435例。在施行OPABG行主动脉近端吻合时使用吻合装置EncloseⅡ系统吻合。观察患者吻合后桥血管血流及术中术后相关并发症发生情况。结果本组患者术后死亡5例(1.15%),其中3例并发严重低心排综合征,2例呼吸衰竭并发严重肺部感染死亡。术中搭桥2~5支,平均(3.11±0.08)支,使用主动脉近端吻合器做近端吻合口561个,其中大隐静脉(GSV)吻合口458个,桡动脉(RA)吻合口103个,吻合完成后使用流量仪测定桥血管流量(22.15±7.26)ml/min,与同期使用侧壁钳者相比无明显差别(P0.05)。术中及术后均未发生与使用吻合器的相关并发症。结论 EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器使用方便,安全可靠。可有效减少因主动脉近端操作导致的相关并发症发生。     

Heartstring在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术近端吻合中的应用

当非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)期间使用大隐静脉或桡动脉与升主动脉进行吻合时,需钳夹部分升主动脉侧壁,由此可能引起钳夹部位升主动脉粥样硬化斑块脱落,增加脑栓塞的发生率〔1〕,同时还可能引起桥血管阻塞、降低其通畅率〔2〕。我们在OPCAB中应用新型吻合辅助装置———Heartstring取得了良好的效果,现报道如下。1临床资料2005年12月~2006年4月我科行OPCAB的患者中38例应用Heartstring行近端吻合。其中男28例,女10例;年龄41~77(65.9±9.8)岁。心功能Ⅱ级者26例,Ⅲ级者12例。LVEF(61.3±11.1)%。患者均存在多支冠状动脉病…     

伴卒中史患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后再发急性脑梗死的影响因素分析

目的探讨伴有卒中史患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCAB)术后再发急性脑梗死的相关因素。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2010年1月—2012年9月,468例有卒中史OPCAB手术患者的临床资料。根据术后有无再发急性脑梗死分为再发脑梗死组(A组)41例和无再发脑梗死组(B组)427例。分析与缺血事件发生的相关因素[术后再发脑梗死的时间为完成手术入住重症监护病房(ICU)期间]。结果 468例OPCAB手术患者术后再发急性脑梗死41例,占8.8%。①单因素分析显示,A、B组间术前双侧颈内动脉重度狭窄[(41.5%(17/41),8.9%(38/427)]、术前左心室射血分数≤35%[53.7%(22/41),25.8%(110/427)]、术中En-closeⅡ主动脉近端吻合器的应用[19.5%(8/41),76.3%(326/427)]、术后急性心肌梗死[34.1%(14/41),9.1%(39/427)]、术后心房颤动[48.8%(20/41),10.8%(46/427)]、术后低血压[68.3%(28/41),18.7%(80/427)]、术后机械通气时间>72 h[(75.6%(31/41),15.0%(64/427)]、入住ICU时间>72 h[(82.9%(34/41),25.3%(108/427)]及病死率[(29.3%(12/41),5.4%(23/427)],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。②多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术前双侧颈内动脉重度狭窄(OR=6.338,95%CI:2.283～21.019)、术前左心室射血分数≤35%(OR=2.737,95%CI:1.267～6.389)、术后急性心肌梗死(OR=3.656,95%CI:1.933～6.894)、术后心房颤动(OR=3.104,95%CI:1.135～8.016)与术后低血压(OR=4.173,95%CI:1.836～9.701)是OPCAB患者术后再发急性脑梗死的独立危险因素。术中应用EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器(OR=0.556,95%CI:0.337～0.925)是OPCAB患者术后再发急性脑梗死的保护因素。结论伴有卒中史患者行OPCAB术后,再发急性脑梗死的发生率及病死率高,术前双侧颈内动脉重度狭窄、术前左心室射血分数≤35%、术后急性心肌梗死、术后心房颤动和术后低血压是伴有卒中史患者OPCAB术后再发急性脑梗死的独立危险因素。而术中应用EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器是伴有卒中史患者OPCAB术后再发急性脑梗死的保护因素。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用主动脉近端吻合器的临床效果

目的评价主动脉近端吻合器在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用的临床效果。方法对84例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术。静脉桥近端吻合口摒弃传统侧壁钳钳夹下吻合的方法,应用主动脉近端吻合器完成。结果全组病例无死亡,无围术期心肌梗死,无围术期脑出血、脑梗塞等神经系统并发症。术后开胸止血1例,迟发性心包填塞1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例,上消化道大出血1例,均痊愈。结论冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用主动脉近端吻合器,操作简单、安全,可降低术后脑血管并发症的发生率。     

合并升主动脉钙化的冠心病患者不用主动脉侧壁钳非体外循环冠状动脉多支搭桥

目的:总结不用主动脉侧壁钳的非体外循环冠状动脉多支搭桥治疗合并升主动脉钙化的冠心病病人的临床经验。方法:不用主动脉侧壁钳的非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥(OPCAB)30例,男23例,女7例,年龄53～83岁,平均69.1岁。有脑中风史13例。双支和三支系统病变为2例和28例,同时有左主干病变11例。左心室射血分数0.52±0.19。30例病人均可以摸到明显的升主动脉片状或弥漫性钙化斑块,21例病人手术中食道超声心动图提示主动脉明显钙化。9例以左乳内动脉(LIMA)为唯一供血来源(in-flow),其余静脉桥吻合到LIMA,1例静脉桥吻合到无名动脉,其余静脉～静脉"Y"吻合,6例使用主动脉隔离装置(Enclose)行主动脉上的近端吻合,14例采用双侧乳内动脉。术中用血流仪定量测定桥血流。结果:本组30例人均远端吻合3.40(3～5)处。术后8例需多巴胺>5ng/(kg·min)支持16～45小时。手术后2～12小时病人完全清醒,人均带气管插管时间(8.9±3.7)小时。手术中实时桥血流测定显示桥血流均满意(17～110ml/ min),9例以LIMA为唯一in-flow,LIMA总血流量基本是各分支桥血流量之数学和。无围手术期心肌梗死、无出血再开胸、无脑中风,无手术后急性肾衰。下肢切口感染1例,8例(26.7%)术后一过性房颤。全组无围手术期死亡。术后心绞痛均消失,术后(12.7±4.6)天出院。结论:在升主动脉有明显钙化的冠心病病人,采用OPCAB结合主动脉不接触(no-touch)技术或主动脉近端吻合装置,安全可行,临床效果满意。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的总结分析非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）在冠心病外科的治疗效果和临床经验。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月～2011年6月共完成OPCAB患者217例临床资料。结果 2例术中转为体外循环下手术,其余215例均于非体外循环下完成。全组搭桥血管数为（3.14±1.52）支/例。术后早期死亡3例,6例应用主动脉内球囊反搏泵支持,术后发生呼吸衰竭6例,围手术期心肌梗死3例,肺动脉栓塞3例,肾功能衰竭2例,脑血管意外1例,二次开胸止血1例。结论 OPCAB的手术病死率和术后并发症的发生率低,临床治疗效果满意。     

年龄对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术的影响

目的 研究年龄对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术(OPCAB)结果的影响.方法 148例行OPCAB的冠心病患者,其中年龄≥65岁47例(老年组),年龄＜65岁101例(对照组),两组患者术前年龄层次不同、老年患者合并慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)较多外其他特征基本相同,均在麻醉诱导期及关胸时抽动脉血行血气分析并计算肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(PA-aO2),术前及术后第1天抽静脉血查血糖、肌酐、尿素氮及总胆红素,观察临床指标及并发症情况.结果 两组患者血糖、肌酐、尿素氮及总胆红素变化情况、手术时间、搭桥支数、心包纵隔引流量、输血量、血管活性药物使用量、住院期间死亡率、二次手术止血率及伤口感染等其他并发症情况无显著差异(P＞0.05),但老年组术后房颤的发生率高于对照组(P＜0.05);老年组和对照组关胸时动脉血氧分压分别为(77±9)、(82±10)mmHg(P＜0.05), PA-aO2分别为92.6±10.5、78.4±9.4(P＜0.05);老年组术后呼吸机使用时间、 ICU 时间、总住院时间长于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 OPCAB对老年患者是安全的,但风险及某些并发症高于年轻患者.     

Proximal clamping levels in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery

In the surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm, the single proximal cross-clamp can be placed at 3 alternative aortic levels: infrarenal, hiatal, and thoracic. We performed this retrospective study to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the 3 main aortic clamping locations. Eighty patients presented at our institution with abdominal aortic aneurysms from March 1993 through May 1998. Fifty of these patients had intact aneurysms and underwent elective surgery, and 30 had ruptured aneurysms that necessitated emergency surgery. Proximal aortic clamping was applied at the infrarenal level in 24 patients (22 from the intact aneurysm group, 2 from the ruptured group), at the hiatal level in 34 patients (22 intact, 12 ruptured), and at the thoracic level (descending aorta) via a limited left lateral thoracotomy in 22 patients (6 intact, 16 ruptured). Early mortality rates (within 30 days) were 4% (2 of 50 patients) among patients with intact aneurysms and 40% (12 of 30 patients) among those with ruptured aneurysms. In the 2 patients from the intact aneurysm group, proximal aortic clamps were applied at the hiatal level. In the ruptured aneurysm group, proximal aortic clamps were placed at the thoracic level in 10 patients, the infrarenal level in 1, and the hiatal level in 1. According to our study, the clinical status of the patient and the degree of operative urgency--as determined by the extent of the aneurysm--generally dictate the proximal clamp location. Patients who present with aneurysmal rupture or hypovolemic shock benefit from thoracic clamping, because it restores the blood pressure and allows time to replace the volume deficit. Infrarenal placement is advantageous in patients with intact aneurysms if there is sufficient space for the clamp between the renal arteries and the aortic aneurysm. In patients with juxtarenal aneurysms, hiatal clamping enables safe and easy anastomosis to the healthy aorta. Clamping at this level also helps prevent late anastomotic aneurysm formation, which is frequently encountered after inadvertent anastomosis of the graft to a diseased portion of the aorta. Further studies are needed in order to confirm these results.     

Acute Aortic Dissection Early after Off-Pump Coronary Surgery: True Frequency Underestimated?

Since the adoption of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB), numerous investigators have compared its short- and long-term results with those of on-pump coronary bypass surgery. Some reports of OPCAB were quite favorable, whereas others were critical, claiming that it resulted in incomplete revascularization and reduced venous graft patency. A potentially serious complication of OPCAB, not heretofore sufficiently confronted, is the increased incidence of early postoperative acute aortic dissection, in comparison with the more familiar intraoperative and late-occurring aortic dissection after conventional on-pump bypass surgery.Early postoperative acute aortic dissection after OPCAB appears to be more frequent than was initially thought. Its clinical manifestations can be unusual and often neurologic in nature—rendering diagnosis difficult, causing delays in surgical intervention, and resulting in a high mortality rate.When the physician notes unusual developments in patients after OPCAB that lead to the suspicion of aortic dissection, immediate computed tomography of the chest and surgery should occur if dissection is confirmed. If not detected early, this sequela almost certainly leads to rapid death from aortic rupture. Prevention lies in the strict control of systolic blood pressure during the performance of proximal anastomoses; avoidance of aortic clamping through the use of sequential all-arterial grafts or new-generation mechanical connectors; and, at times, aggressive replacement of the aorta with a prosthetic graft.Herein, we present the cases of 4 patients who sustained acute aortic dissection early after OPCAB. We review the pertinent medical literature.Key words: Aneurysm, dissecting/classification/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/radiography/surgery; anastomosis, surgical; aorta/injuries/surgery; coronary artery bypass, off-pump/adverse effects/methods; death, sudden, cardiac/etiology; iatrogenic disease; internal mammary-coronary artery anastomosis/adverse effects/methods; intraoperative complications; postoperative complications/mortality/surgery; time factors; tomography, X-ray computedAortic dissection is known to occur spontaneously, as in severe hypertension and Marfan syndrome, or it may be iatrogenic and follow a cardiac operation at any time and with no typical interval. The medical literature contains many reports of iatrogenic aortic dissections that occurred intraoperatively and that were repaired successfully.^1–3 Similarly, late dissection occurring many years after a successful cardiac operation is well known.⁴ Conversely, little attention has been given to postoperative acute aortic dissection that occurs within hours, days, or weeks after surgery. Here, we present our experience with this complication, call attention to its potentially fatal outcome, review causal factors and clinical manifestations that can lead to its prompt recognition, and compare its frequency in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) and on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (on-pump CAB).     

Early ostial saphenous vein graft stenosis associated with the use of Symmetry sutureless aortic proximal anastomosis device: successful percutaneous revascularization.

A recent advance in technology permits the creation of sutureless proximal aortic anastomosis during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This new tool has significant potential benefit by minimizing aortic manipulation with subsequent reduction in neuroembolization. Implantation of a nitinol-based proximal aortic connector (Symmetry) has a potential to elicit intimal hyperplastic reaction analogous to restenosis after coronary stent placement. We report cases of early vein graft stenosis in association with the use of the Symmetry device. Three patients suffered from severe ostial stenosis within 6 months of bypass surgery with symptomatic presentation. Of these three patients, two underwent successful percutaneous revascularization. Fluoroscopic star-shaped appearance of the metallic Symmetry allows device recognition during angiography. We review current data regarding graft patency with the use of Symmetry device and discuss technical issues to address specific problems during percutaneous revascularization.     

High mobility group box 1 levels in on and off-pump cardiac surgery patients

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which has properties similar to those of proinflammatory cytokines, is released from activated immune cells and necrotic cells. It is known that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces systemic inflammation and aortic cross-clamping induces myocardial ischemia. This study was conducted to clarify whether HMGB1 is released in CPB-supported cardiac surgery in comparison to off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) where CPB is not used.Nineteen adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery involving CPB (CPB group) and 5 OPCAB patients (OPCAB group) were included in this study. Plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines including HMGB1 were measured before, during, and after cardiac surgery. The plasma HMGB1 level was significantly increased at one hour after aortic declamping in the CPB group and at 30 minutes after revascularization in the OPCAB group. The peak HMGB1 level was slightly higher in the CPB group than that in the OPCAB group. These values decreased toward baseline value after surgery in both groups. TNF-α and IL-1β were not detectable throughout the study period in either group. IL-6 and IL-10 increased after aortic declamping in the CPB group and after coronary revascularizations in the OPCAB group.Based on these results, we conclude that the major factor involved in the increase in HMGB1 level might be myocardial ischemia/reperfusion during cardiac surgery. Activation of immune cells, altered tissue perfusion, and pulmonary ischemia and reperfusion could be additional factors that increase the HMGB1 level in CPB-supported cardiac surgery.     

Diabetes mellitus does not affect jugular bulb oxygen saturation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the impairment of cerebral oxygenation during cardiac surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DM on cerebral oxygenation assessed by jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjvO2) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB) in a prospective controlled trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-three diabetic patients with glycosylated hemoglobin above 7.0% (DM group) and 23 non-diabetic patients (control group) undergoing OPCAB with no-touch aortic technique were included. A fiberoptic oximetry catheter was inserted into the jugular bulb. The lowest SjvO2 and the number of patients with cerebral desaturation, defined as SjvO2 less than 50% over 5 min, were recorded during coronary grafting. Three neurocognitive tests were done before surgery and at postoperative day 2 and 7. There were no differences in SjvO2 between the groups. Furthermore, the number of patients with cerebral desaturation and all neurocognitive test scores were similar between the 2 groups. None of the patients developed neurocognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral oxygenation in diabetic patients was similar to that of non-diabetic patients and well maintained above the critical level without resulting in clinically significant postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction during OPCAB with no-touch aortic technique.     

结肠J型贮袋在高龄低位直肠癌患者保肛手术后控便功能中的作用

目的评价采用J型贮袋在高龄患者保肛手术后改善排便机能中的价值。方法选取2002年2月至2003年8月诊治的39例高龄（≥75岁）低位直肠癌患者。按手术方式分成两组,传统的结肠断端与直肠肛管直接端端吻合组（直吻组）,结肠J型贮袋与直肠肛管行端侧吻合组（贮袋组）,对保肛手术后控便情况进行调查研究。结果术后排便次数正常的时间：贮袋组优于直吻组（P〈0.01）。术后3个月、半年,贮袋组平均排便次数明显少于直吻组（P〈0.05）;延缓排便控制能力、失禁综合评分、区分排便排气能力等指标均优于直吻组（P〈0.05）;但术后1年及1年半,两组控便能力差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。贮袋组直肠测压值优于直吻组。术后控便情况满意率贮袋组高于直吻组。采用贮袋吻合术后便秘的发生率高于直接吻合术（P〈0.01）。结论（1）高龄不是结肠贮袋直肠肛管吻合术的禁忌证;（2）采用结肠贮袋直肠肛管吻合术能够明显改善高龄患者术后1年内控便功能。