缺血后处理对大鼠缺血／再灌注心肌髓过氧化物酶及细胞间粘附分子的影响

目的：研究缺血后处理对大鼠缺血／再灌注心肌髓过氧化物酶（MPO）及可溶性细胞间粘附分子（sICAM）的影响。方法：选择健康SD大鼠48只,随机分为3组：假手术组、缺血再灌注组（对照组）和缺血后处理组。每组16只。制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型。缺血再灌注组．收紧结扎线缺血40min,放松结扎线再灌注240min;缺血后处理组．缺血40min后．再灌注10S．缺血108,连续3个循环,然后再灌注240min;假手术组,开胸后穿线做套环,但不收紧结扎线。再灌注结束后检测血清肌酸激酶（CK）活性、sICAM含量及心肌MPO活性。结果：①血清CK活性：试验后缺血后处理组和缺血再灌注组（对照组）的CK活性明显高于假手术组[分别为（736．28±21．72）,（987．62±28．58）,（256．34±19．34）U／L,P〈0．01],缺血后处理组的明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。②心肌MPO活性：缺血后处理组和对照组的均显著高于假手术组（P〈0．01）。缺血后处理组的较对照组显著降低[（0．86±0．08）U／G：（1．28±0．26）U／G。P〈0．01]。③血清sICAM含量：缺血后处理组和对照组血清的sICAM含量均显著高于假手术组（P〈0．01）。缺血后处理组的较对照组显著降低[（54．28±11．69）ng／ml：（76．62土13．45）ng／ml．P〈0．01]。结论：缺血后处理可减轻缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能与减轻氧化损伤、抑制白细胞的粘附有关。     

电针足三里穴对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的研究电针足三里穴对在体家兔肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法28只新西兰家兔采用在体肺热缺血再灌注损伤模型．随机分四组（n=7）。A组：假手术组。左开胸游离支气管和肺动脉、静脉后维持通气180min。B组：缺血再灌注组，左开胸游离支气管和肺动脉、静脉后阻断左肺门60min．开放再通气120min。C组：阻断左肺门60min后．开放再通气即刻电针足三里穴旁5mm处30 min．继续双肺通气90min。D组：电针足三里穴＋缺血再灌注组，阻断左肺门60min后。开放再通气即刻电针足三里穴30min．继续双肺通气90min。观察并记录各组动物术中平均动脉压和心率的改变及实验结束时肺组织丙二醛（MDA）和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）含量以及肺组织湿/干重比（W/D）和血气变化。结果各组动物相应时间点的心率比较，均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。自再灌注30min开始，与B组比较。C组平均动脉压显著降低（P〈0．05），D组平均动脉压与B组比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。B组肺组织MDA和MPO含量、W／D及PaCO2值均较A组升高．pH和PaO2值显著降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；D组肺组织MDA和MPO含量、W／D及PaCO2值均较B组降低，pH和PaO2值显著升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论电针家兔足三里穴可明显抑制肺缺血再灌注损伤时肺组织MDA和MPO的产生，减轻肺水肿的发生，改善血气变化及酸碱失衡．对在体家兔肺缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用。     

葛根素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的干预作用

目的 观察葛根素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后炎症反应的抑制作用并探讨其作用机制.方法 36只SD大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组和葛根素处理组;采用左冠状动脉结扎法复制大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,于缺血开始及再灌注即刻由尾静脉注射葛根素20 mg/kg,缺血1 h,再灌注6 h后取血检测缺血再灌注后心肌髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)和血清磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)含量,RT-PCR测定缺血再灌注后心肌胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1) mRNA含量.结果 葛根素组血清CK明显低于模型组(P<0.01),MPO和MDA的活性明显低于模型组(P<0.01),ICAM-1 mRNA含量较模型组低(P<0.01).结论 葛根素可减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后炎症反应,这可能是其发挥心肌保护机制之一.     

牛磺酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察牛磺酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后细胞凋亡的影响。方法实验大鼠40只,随机分为5组：假手术组（8只）,再灌注模型组（8只）,牛磺酸低、中、高剂量（30mg／kg、100mg／kg、300mg／kg）组（各8只）。再灌注后观察各组血清SOD、LDH、MDA含量,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡。结果①牛磺酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后血清SOD、LDH、MDA含量的影响：与假手术组比较,其余各组大鼠血清SOD活性明显降低,LDH、MDA含量明显增高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,牛磺酸中、高剂量组大鼠血清SOD活性明显升高（P〈0．01）,LDH、MDA含量明显降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。②牛磺酸对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注（I／R）损伤后细胞凋亡的影响：I／R后心肌细胞凋亡指数（AI）为（45．6±4．6）,明显高于假手术组的（8．50±1．13）（P〈0．01）,牛磺酸低、中、高组分别为（37．03±3．52）、（30．32±8．23）和（25．62±6．12）,均明显低于I／R（P〈0．01）。结论牛磺酸可降低再灌注损伤大鼠氧自由基值,抑制心肌细胞凋亡。     

蝙蝠葛碱对兔心肌缺血再灌注时血清MDA浓度和SOD活性的影响

目的探讨蝙蝠葛碱（Dau）对兔心肌缺血再灌注（IR）时血清丙二醛（MDA）浓度和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。方法24只家兔随机分为假手术对照组、缺血再灌注组、缺血再灌注＋蝙蝠葛碱（Dau）干预组各8例。结扎兔左冠状动脉前降支40min造成心肌缺血再灌注模型，观察缺血前后及再灌注不同时相点血清MDA含量和SOD活性的变化。结果家兔心肌缺血40min时血清MDA含量开始明显升高（P〈0．05），SOD活性开始明显下降（P〈0．05）。Dau（剂量3．5mg／kg）能明显降低心肌缺血40min及缺血再灌注后兔血清MDA含量，升高血清SOD活性。结论Dau通过减轻兔心肌脂质过氧化作用所造成的损伤，增强SOD活性，提高氧自由基清除能力，对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有一定保护作用。     

钙敏感受体与缺血/再灌注损伤诱发心肌细胞凋亡的线粒体途径的关系

目的探讨钙敏感受体（CaR）参与心肌缺血／再灌注损伤诱发细胞凋亡的机制。方法Langendorff离体灌流的方法复制心脏缺血／再灌注模型。观察缺血／再灌注和加入CaR激动剂时CaR的表达情况。TUNEL染色观察不同组别细胞凋亡,应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察大鼠心肌细胞的线粒体膜电位的变化。Western blot检测心肌组织线粒体中细胞色素C及Bcl-2的表达。结果心肌缺血／再灌注和加入CaR激动剂时CaR的表达明显高于对照组（P均〈0．01）。TUNEL染色发现缺血／再灌注组和激动剂组细胞凋亡率明显增加（P均〈0．05）,同时此两组的线粒体膜电位下降明显（P均〈0．05）,线粒体细胞色素C与Bcl-2的表达也明显下降（P均〈0．05）。结论CaR激活在缺血／再灌注时通过诱发线粒体损伤,促进细胞凋亡。     

促心肌素1-C端肽干预大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的效果

目的观察不同的促心肌素1-C端肽（cardiotrophin-1 C-terminal peptides，CTIC）对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后组织损伤程度的影响。方法用结扎，松解大鼠冠状动脉左后降支制作模型。正常组5鼠；缺血与再灌注组6鼠，缺血30min后开始再灌注；缺血与再灌注后干预组8鼠，缺血30min后开始再灌注。并腹腔注射CTIC-100μg／kg；缺血与再灌注前干预组8鼠，腹腔注射CTIC 100μg／kg，7d后进行缺血与再灌注。实验结束前取血检测血浆一氧化氮、血清肌酸激酶和丙二醛。结果缺血与再灌注后，大鼠血一氧化氮降低（q=8．758，P〈0．01），血肌酸激酶（q=14．391，P〈0．01）和丙二醛浓度升高（q=11．015，P〈0．01）；缺血与再灌注后干预，大鼠血浆一氧化氮升高（q=14．197，P〈0．01），清肌酸激酶（q=10．649，P〈0．01）和丙二醛降低（q=6．167，P〈0．01），但仍高于正常组（P〈0．01）；缺血与再灌注前干预，大鼠血浆一氧化氮浓度高于正常组（q=9．595，P〈0．01），但低于后干预组（q=6．147，P〈0．01），血清肌酸激酶（q=6．147，P〈0．01）和丙二醛（q=10．551，P〈0．01）则高于缺血与再灌注组。结论CTIC再灌注早期短期作用能减轻心肌组织损伤及氧化损伤的程度；但使用较长时间后．大鼠对缺血与再灌注的耐受力降低，组织损伤及氧化损伤的程度明显加重。     

氨基胍在大鼠骨骼肌缺血再灌注肺损伤中的作用机制

目的：探讨氨基胍在骨骼肌缺血再灌注肺损伤中的作用机制。方法将24只雄性Wister大鼠随机分为4组（n＝6）,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组为缺血组,Ⅲ组为缺血再灌注组,Ⅳ组为缺血再灌注＋氨基胍治疗组,检测各组血清中乳酸脱氢酶、NO含量、肺组织中髄过氧化物酶含量及细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）在肺组织中的表达情况。结果ICAM-1表达Ⅰ组不明显,在Ⅱ、Ⅲ组呈上升趋势,Ⅳ组表达下调,其余3组与Ⅰ组比较,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0．05）;Ⅳ组与Ⅲ组比较,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。与Ⅰ组比较,血清乳酸脱氢酶、NO及肺组织髄过氧化物酶含量Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显升高（P均＜0．05）;Ⅳ组相应下降,与Ⅲ组比较,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0．05）。结论氨基胍可明显抑制ICAM-1表达上调,降低血清乳酸脱氢酶、NO及肺组织髄过氧化物酶含量,减少肺组织损伤。     

参附注射液对犬心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨参附注射液（SFI）预处理对犬心肌缺血／再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法21只犬随机分为3组。假手术组（Sham组）、缺血/再灌注组（I／R组）和参附注射液（SFI）预处理组（SFI纽）。观察血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）和心肌钙蛋白（cTn-I）含量,测定心肌梗死范围、心肌组织丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性等指标。结果与Sham组比较,I／R组和SFI组LDH、CK-MB和cTn-I值均明显升高,心肌组织SOD活性显著下降,MDA含量显著升高,心肌梗死范围明显增大（P〈0．01）。与I／R组比较,SFI纽能显著降低血清LDH、CK-MB、cTn-I值和心肌组织MDA含量（P〈0．01）,显著缩小心肌梗死范围（P〈0．05）,升高心肌SOD活性（P〈0．05）。结论SFI预处理对心肌缺血／4g灌注损伤心肌有保护作用,机制可能与减轻脂质过氧化反应有关。     

非诺贝特对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的探讨非诺贝特对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制O方法将64只sD大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、150mg／kg非诺贝特组及300mg／kg非诺贝特组,每组各16只,术前30min分别给予相应处理。采取体内结扎左前降支的方法建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,予酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠心肌组织中NF-xBp65及IL-6水平,H·E染色观察左一t7室前壁细胞病理形态学改变,并采用Tunel法检测心肌细胞凋亡率。结果假手术组大鼠一t7肌组织中NF-xBp65及IL-6水平、心肌细胞凋亡率分别为（8．11±0．83）pg／mg、（182．67±0．19）pg／mg、（5．09±0．79）％,与其余四组大鼠相比均显著降低（P〈0．05）;与缺血再灌注组比较,非诺贝特组大鼠心肌组织中NF-xBp65及IL-6水平,心肌细胞凋亡率明显降低（P〈0．05）,且随着用药剂量的增加而降低,两个不同剂量组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。缺血再灌注组与300mg／kg非诺贝特组中NF-xBp65及IL-6含量水平差异有统计学意义（rl=0．93,r2：0．74,P〈0．01）。结论非诺贝特可通过负性调节NF-xBp65含量水平进而减少IL-6的释放,抑制心肌细胞的凋亡,从而在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中发挥保护作用。     

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate alleviates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats through JAK2/STAT3 pathway

Objective: To study the effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SPF SD rats were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into four groups.Sham group received sham operation, I/R group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models, FDP group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models and then were given FDP intervention, and FDP+AG490 group were made into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models and then were given FDP and JAK2 inhibitor AG490 intervention.Results: CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of I/R group were significantly higher than those of Sham group whereas Bcl-2, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression in myocardial tissues were significantly lower than those of Sham group; CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of FDP group were significantly lower than those of I/R group whereas Bcl-2, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression in myocardial tissue were significantly higher than those of I/R group; CK, CK-MB, c Tn I and LDH contents in serum as well as Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in myocardial tissue of FDP+AG490 group were significantly higher than those of FDP group whereas Bcl-2 protein expression in myocardial tissue was significantly lower than that of FDP group.Conclusion: FDP could reduce the myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.     

Effect of nuclear factor kappa B on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and neutrophil infiltration in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats

AIM:To investigate the role of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced byintestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R),and its effect onintercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressionand neutrophil infiltration.METHODS:Twenty-four Wistar rats weredivided randomly into control,I/R and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment groups,n=8 ineach.I/R group and PDTC treatment group receivedsuperior mysenteric artery (SMA) occluding for 1 h andreperfusion for 2 h.PDTC group was administrated withintraperitoneal injection of 2% 100 mg/kg PDTC 1 hbefore surgery.Lung histology and bronchia alveoluslung fluid (BALF) protein were assayed.Serum IL-6,lungmalondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) aswell as the expression level of NF-κB and ICAM-1 weremeasured.RESULTS:Lung injury induced by intestinal I/R,wascharacterized by edema,hemorrhage and neutrophilinfiltration as well as by the significant rising of BALFprotein.Compared to control group,the levels of serumIL-6 and lung MDA and MPO increased significantly in I/Rgroup (P=0.001).Strong positive expression of NF-κBp65 and ICAM-1 was observed.After the administrationof PDTC,the level of serum IL-6,lung MDA and MPOas well as NF-κB and ICAM-1 decreased significantly(P<0.05) when compared to I/R group. CONCLUSION:The activation of NF-kB plays animportant role in the pathogenesis of lung injury inducedby intestinal I/R through upregulating the neutrophilinfiltration and lung ICAM-1 expression.PDTC as aninhibitor of NF-kB can prevent lung injury induced byintestinal I/R through inhibiting the activity of NF-kB.     

Effect of nuclear factor kappa B on intercellular adhesionrnolecule-1 expression and neutrophil infiltration in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and its effect on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and neutrophil infiltration.METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided randomly into control, I/R and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment groups, n = 8 in each. I/R group and PDTC treatment group received superior mysenteric artery (SMA) occluding for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h. PDTC group was administrated with intraperitoneal injection of 2% 100 mg/kg PDTC 1 h before surgery. Lung histology and bronchia alveolus lung fluid (BALF) protein were assayed. Serum IL-6, lung malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as well as the expression level of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were measured.RESULTS: Lung injury induced by intestinal I/R, was characterized by edema, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration as well as by the significant rising of BALF protein. Compared to control group, the levels of serum IL-6 and lung MDA and MPO increased significantly in I/R group (P=0.001). Strong positive expression of NF-κB p65 and ICAM-1 was observed. After the administration of PDTC, the level of serum IL-6, lung MDA and MPO as well as NF-κB and ICAM-1 decreased significantly(P＜ 0.05) when compared to I/R group.CONCLUSION: The activation of NF-κB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by intestinal I/R through upregulating the neutrophil infiltration and lung ICAM-1 expression. PDTC as an inhibitor of NF-κB can prevent lung injury induced by intestinal I/R through inhibiting the activity of NF-κB.     

葛根素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的探讨葛根素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达的影响。方法结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支建立心肌缺血/再灌注模型,运用免疫组化法观察心肌细胞HSP70表达情况及血清髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性。结果与对照组相比,葛根素组于心肌缺血/再灌注后0.5、4、8h时间点显著上调HSP70表达(P<0.01),抑制血清MPO活性(P<0.01)。结论葛根素可明显减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,其心肌保护机制可能是通过上调HSP70的表达、降低血清MPO的活性来实现的。     

Role of interleukin 18 in acute lung inflammation induced by gut ischemia repeifusion

AIM: To study the changes of endogenous interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels and evaluate the role of IL-18 on lung injury following gut ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: A superior mesenteric artery occlusion model was selected for this research. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham operation (sham), ischemia (0.5 h) followed by different times of reperfusion (I/R), and I/R pretreated with exogenous IL-18 (I/R+IL-18) or IL-18 neutralizing antibody (I/R+IL-18Ab) 15 min before ischemia. Serum IL-18 levels were detected by Western blot and ELISA, and the levels of IL-18 in lung tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. For the study of pulmonary inflammation, the lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents and morphological changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Gut ischemia/reperfusion induced rapid increase of serum IL-18 levels, peaked at 1 h after reperfusion and then declined. The levels of IL-18 in lung tissue were gradually enhanced as the progress of reperfusion. Compared with I/R group, exogenous administration of IL-18 (I/R+IL-18) further remarkably enhanced the pulmonary MPO activity and inflammatory cell infiltration, and in I/R+IL-18Ab group, the content of MPO were significantly reduced and lung inflammation was also decreased. CONCLUSION: Gut ischemia/reperfusion induces the increase of IL-18 expression, which may make IL-18 act as an important proinfiammatory cytokine and contribute to gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung inflammation.     

Role of interleukin 18 in acute lung inflammation induced by gut ischemia reperfusion

AIM: To study the changes of endogenous interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels and evaluate the role of IL-18 on lung injury following gut ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: A superior mesenteric artery occlusion model was selected for this research. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham operation (sham), ischemia (0.5 h) followed by different times of reperfusion (I/R), and I/R pretreated with exogenous IL-18 (I/R+IL-18) or IL-18 neutralizing antibody (I/R+IL-18Ab) 15 min before ischemia. Serum IL-18 levels were detected by Western blot and ELISA, and the levels of IL-18 in lung tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. For the study of pulmonary inflammation, the lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents and morphological changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Gut ischemia/reperfusion induced rapid increase of serum IL-18 levels, peaked at 1 h after reperfusion and then declined. The levels of IL-18 in lung tissue were gradually enhanced as the progress of reperfusion. Compared with I/R group, exogenous administration of IL-18 (I/R+IL-18) further remarkably enhanced the pulmonary MPO activity and inflammatory cell infiltration, and in I/R+IL-18Ab group, the content of MPO were significantly reduced and lung inflammation was also decreased. CONCLUSION: Gut ischemia/reperfusion induces the increase of IL-18 expression, which may make IL-18 act as an important proinflammatory cytokine and contribute to gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung inflammation.     

磷酸肌酸后适应联合缺血后适应减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤

目的探讨磷酸肌酸后适应联合缺血后适应对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法取健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分成假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、缺血后适应组(IPost组)、磷酸肌酸后适应+缺血后适应组(Pcr+IPost组)各10只,均给予心肌缺血30 min,再灌注120 min处理。再灌注2 h后用比色法测量各组血清肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO),ELISA方法检测核因子κB(NF-κB),TTC染色测定心肌梗死面积。结果 IPost组血清CK、LDH、MPO活性和NF-κB以及心肌梗死面积显著低于I/R组,Pcr+IPost组较IPost组各项指标进一步降低(P均<0.05)。结论磷酸肌酸后适应联合缺血后适应可以明显减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤,其机制之一可能与抑制NF-κB参与的炎症反应有关。     

Prophylaxis with carnosol attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion

AIM： To investigate the possible protective effects of carnosol on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion （I/R）.
METHODS： Rats were divided randomly into three experimental groups： sham, intestinal I/R and carnosol treatment （n = 18 each）. The intestinal I/R model was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h. In the carnosol treatment group, surgery was performed as in the intestinal I/R group, with intraperitoneal administration of 3 mg/kg carnosol 1 h before the operation. At 2, 4 and 6 h after reperfusion, rats were killed and blood, intestine and liver tissue samples were obtained. Intestine and liver histology was investigated. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and interleukin （IL）-6 were measured. Liver tissue superoxide dismutase （SOD） and myeloperoxidase （IvIPO） activity were assayed. The liver intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot analysis.
RESULTS： Intestinal I/R induced intestine and liver injury, characterized by histological changes, as well as a significant increase in serum AST and ALT levels. The activity of SOD in the liver tissue decreased after I/R, which was enhanced by carnosol pretreatment. In addition, compared with the control group, carnosol markedly reduced liver tissue MPO activity and serum IL-6 level, which was in parallel with the decreased level of liver ICAI-1 and NF-κB expression.
CONCLUSION： Our results indicate that carnosol pretreatment attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal I/R, attributable to the antioxidant effect and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.