持续性心房颤动电复律术后近期复发的影响因素

目的探讨持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)电复律术后近期复发的预测因素,并初步探讨其临床意义。方法62例行电复律的持续性房颤患者,分析患者的年龄、性别、病史、左房大小、P波终末电势(PtfV1)、二尖瓣狭窄程度、左室射血分数、左房射血力、VE/VA、合并高血压与电转复术后2个月内复发的关系。结果62例电复律后2个月内复发22例,复发率35.5%,单因素分析示电转复后左房扩大、二尖瓣狭窄、PtfV1异常与房颤近期复发显著相关,多因素逻辑回归分析结果只有左房扩大是电转复术后持续性房颤复发的独立危险因素。结论左房扩大是持续性房颤电复律术后复发的独立危险因素,二尖瓣狭窄及PtfV1异常使持续性房颤电复律术后的近期复发率增高。     

厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮对风湿性心脏病人瓣膜置换术后维持窦律的作用

目的评价厄贝沙坦和胺碘酮联用在风湿性心脏病持续性房颤患者复律后的窦律维持作用。方法风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后持续性房颤患者116例随机分为胺碘酮组(55例)和厄贝沙坦+胺碘酮组(61例)。两组均在治疗2周后行电复律术,转为窦性心律后继续分别服用。试验随访时间为18月。比较治疗后的窦性心律维持率和治疗前及治疗后6、12、18月左心房内径。结果胺碘酮组左心房内径在治疗12月后显著大于胺碘酮+厄贝沙坦组,P<0.05。厄贝沙坦+胺碘酮组窦律维持率高于胺碘酮组,在治疗12月时有显著差异。结论厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮在风湿性心脏病持续性房颤复律后维持窦性心律的疗效优于单用胺碘酮,并能延缓左房扩大,防止房颤复发。     

厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮对风湿性心脏病人瓣膜置换术后维持窦律的作用

目的 评价厄贝沙坦和胺碘酮联用在风湿性心脏病持续性房颤患者复律后的窦律维持作用.方法 风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后持续性房颤患者116例随机分为胺碘酮组(55例)和厄贝沙坦 胺碘酮组(61例).两组均在治疗2周后行电复律术,转为窦性心律后继续分别服用.试验随访时间为18月.比较治疗后的窦性心律维持率和治疗前及治疗后6、12、18月左心房内径. 结果胺碘酮组左心房内径在治疗12月后显著大于胺碘酮 厄贝沙坦组,P＜0.05.厄贝沙坦 胺碘酮组窦律维持率高于胺碘酮组,在治疗12月时有显著差异. 结论厄贝沙坦联合胺碘酮在风湿性心脏病持续性房颤复律后维持窦性心律的疗效优于单用胺碘酮,并能延缓左房扩大,防止房颤复发.     

心房颤动射频消融术后晚期复发的相关因素

目的:分析心房颤动（房颤）经导管射频消融术后晚期复发的相关因素。方法:房颤患者117例接受经导管射频消融术治疗,术前进行常规检查评估,在CARTO三维标测系统指导下行左房环肺静脉消融,必要时加行左房线性消融、右房线性消融等策略。如果在消融结束后心电监护仍为房颤心律,则行体外电复律。通过术后随访（>3个月）确定房颤消融术后是否复发,收集相关的随访资料分析房颤术后晚期复发的预测因素。结果:①所有患者均完成环肺静脉隔离。58例患者在环肺静脉消融基础上加行左房线性消融、右房线性消融等方法。37例房颤患者在消融后房颤仍持续,经体外电转复均恢复窦律。32例(27.3%)患者在术后晚期复发。②单因素分析显示性别、并发器质性心脏病、房颤病程、持续性房颤、左房内径、左室射血分数和复律与术后房颤晚期复发相关（均P<0.05）。③经多因素分析后仅有性别、左房内径、房颤病程是房颤晚期复发的独立预测指标(分别P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:性别、房颤病程、左房内径是房颤导管消融术后晚期复发的独立预测因素。     

心脏瓣膜置换术后持续性心房颤动的电复律

目的探讨心脏瓣膜置换术后持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)电复律的成功率和安全性。方法对瓣膜置换术后病程长、左房增大(≥50mm)的持续性房颤患者135例行同步直流电复律治疗。电复律之前常规抗凝,加用厄贝沙坦和胺碘酮,积极处理原发心脏疾病。复律成功后继续服用厄贝沙坦和胺碘酮,3个月后停止。随访至电复律后12个月。结果135例,6例(4.4%)加用药物后自行转复。126例电击成功(97.7%)。3例(2.3%)未能转复。132例复律成功者12个月后123例维持窦性心律(93.2%),9例复发;复律后3,12个月左房内径较复律前缩小(P<0.05),左室射血分数增加(P<0.05)。结论对于瓣膜置换术后病程长、左房增大(≥50mm)的持续性房颤患者,应尝试给予转复的机会,在经过充分准备和抗心律失常药物协同应用下,其电复律成功率高,窦性心律维持时间长,并发症少。     

射频消融心外膜脂肪垫治疗犬肺静脉左房交界处起源的心房颤动

目的探讨射频消融心外膜脂肪垫对左房-肺静脉交界触发的局灶性心房颤动(简称房颤)治疗的有效性。方法成年杂种犬10只,心外膜脂肪垫注射氯化乙酰胆碱(Ach)+左房短阵快速电刺激诱发犬左房-肺静脉交界触发的局灶性房颤模型。4极电极分别缝置于左房、右房、左肺静脉与左房交界处,记录最快激动部位。直视下射频消融心外膜脂肪垫。于房颤模型建立前后,及消融脂肪垫后测量左、右房有效不应期(ERP),肺静脉-左房交界处ERP、计算房颤诱发率。术毕处死实验犬行组织学检查。结果所有犬均能通过脂肪垫注射氯化Ach+左房短阵快速电刺激诱发出左房-肺静脉交界触发的局灶性房颤,建模后左房、右房、肺静脉-左房交界处的ERP均较建模前显著缩短(分别为94±33 ms vs 139±9 ms,104±17 ms vs 137±9 ms,104±17 ms vs 137±9 ms;P均<0.01)。脂肪垫消融后房颤诱发率与消融前比较显著降低(45%±16%vs 86%±4%,P均<0.01);左房、右房ERP无变化,肺静脉-左房交界处不应期显著延长(137±8 ms vs 104±17 ms,P<0.01)。组织学未发现除脂肪垫外的其它消融损伤灶。结论射频消融心外膜脂肪垫对肺静脉-左房交界触发的局灶性房颤治疗有效。     

电复律治疗风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后持续性心房颤动的疗效观察

目的探讨电复律治疗风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后伴左房明显增大的持续性心房颤动的疗效。方法将164例风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术后持续性心房颤动的患者（左房内径均〉50mm）随机分为3组：胺碘酮组20例;胺碘酮＋雷米普利组76例;胺碘酮＋厄贝沙坦组68例。所有患者在经静脉应用胺碘酮后,房颤如未转复,则行电复律治疗。复律成功者胺碘酮改为口服200mg／d,联合雷米普利及厄贝沙坦组同时口服雷米普利5mg／d、厄贝沙坦150mg／d,3～6个月后停用。结果即时成功率92．7％（152／164例）。平均随访（1．8±0．4）年,128例（78．0％）保持窦性心律。联合雷米普利组窦律维持率为86．8％（66／76例）,联合厄贝沙坦组窦律维持率为75．0%（51／68例）无统计学差异,单独口服胺碘酮组55．0%（11／20例）维持窦性心律,与联合雷米普利组、厄贝沙坦组比较,有显著差异。末次随访,胺碘酮组左房内径较复律前明显增加[（60．5±3．8）mm vs（57．7±4．5）mm;P=0．04];联合雷米普利组[（58．2±4．3）mm vs（57．3±5．8）mm,P=0．283和联合厄贝沙坦组[（57．2．±5．5）mm vs（56．4±4．9）mm,P=0．373前后对照无显著差异。三组患者心功能均改善,两两比较无显著差异。结论对于房颤时间长,左房增大的患者只要正确掌握电复律的指征及方法,并予以辅助药物维持治疗,电复律的成功率较高,转复后维持率亦高,并能改善患者心功能。胺碘酮联合雷米普利或厄贝沙坦能延缓左房增大,提高窦律维持率。     

144例心脏瓣膜病合并心房颤动外科手术同期行单极冲洗射频消融改良迷宫术的疗效

目的分析本院心脏瓣膜病伴发心房颤动(简称房颤)的患者外科手术同期行单极冲洗射频消融改良迷宫术MazeⅢ型手术疗效。方法调查2007年11月至2010年8月收治的心脏瓣膜病合并房颤患者在心内直视手术下同期行单极冲洗射频消融改良迷宫术MazeⅢ型手术,观察随访6个月时的心律情况,根据节律分为窦性心律(简称窦律)组和非窦律组,分析影响术后转律的原因。结果 144例入选,2例安置永久起搏器,1例因瓣周漏而行二次手术。出院时窦律88例(61.11%),房颤39例(27.08%),随访6个月窦律88例(61.11%),房颤25例(17.36%)。窦律组左房小于非窦律组,房颤时间短于非窦律组。左房内径≥6.5 cm者,可达龙的转复率高于非可达龙组(53.8%vs 28.6%,P<0.05)。结论心脏病伴发房颤的病人,在心脏外科手术中同期行单极冲洗射频消融改良迷宫术,对窦律的恢复仍不失为一种安全有效的方法。术前左房内径大小及房颤持续时间是房颤转复的主要危险因素,可达龙在一定程度上可提高大左房(≥6.5 cm)的转复成功率。     

伊布利特在转复导管消融术后持续性心房颤动中的应用以及对术后心房颤动复发的预测

目的:观察伊布利特在转复导管消融术后持续性心房颤动(房颤)的有效性及安全性,以及复律成功与否对导管消融术后房颤复发的预测。方法:入选2014-08-2016-08在郑州大学人民医院接收导管射频消融术但术后未能转复窦性心律(窦律)的持续性房颤患者248例,其中男146例,女102例;平均年龄(63.9±7.2)岁。术中静脉推注伊布利特1 mg,若仍未转复,则再次给予1 mg。若仍未恢复窦律,则根据情况给予超速抑制或电复律。依据"2C3L"术式导管消融+伊布利特应用后是否恢复窦律将患者分为有效组和无效组。比较2组患者的临床资料的差异,观察伊布利特在转复导管消融术后持续性房颤中的有效性及安全性;随访24个月,观察2组患者房颤的早期及晚期复发率。统计复律成功与否对导管消融术后房颤复发的预测效果。结果:伊布利特转复导管消融术后持续性房颤的总成功率为72.1%,无严重不良事件发生。2组患者在房颤持续时间、左房内径、射血分数值、BNP水平均差异有统计学意义;在年龄、性别、合并疾病(高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病)等差异均无统计学意义。经"2C3L"术式导管消融+伊布利特应用后恢复窦律者的房颤早期复发及晚期复发率均较未恢复窦律者低。结论:伊布利特转复导管消融术后持续性房颤的成功率高、安全性良好,且伊布利特复律成功预示房颤导管消融术后早期、晚期复发均较低。     

Carto系统指导下左房电解剖隔离治疗心房颤动

对 3例阵发性和 2例持续性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )进行左房线性消融。采用Carto标测构建左房三维电解剖图 ,并标识出肺静脉和二尖瓣环 ,在距肺静脉口外 1～ 2cm处进行绕左右肺静脉和左房峡部的环状线性隔离消融 ,后 2例增加一条左房后壁的消融线 ,消融的终点为 :①环状隔离区内的双极电压≤ 0 .1mV ,②跨消融线相邻两点的传导时间延迟 30ms以上。结果 :整个手术时间为 2 2 9± 18min ,X线曝光时间为 2 5± 3min。消融线环绕的左房面积占整个被标测左房面积的 36 %± 3.2 % ,消融线环绕的左房区域内的电压较消融前明显降低 ,绕消融线以外的部分心房组织的电压亦降低。 3例阵发性房颤有 2例在术后 1～ 2天有房颤发作 ,1例持续性房颤于术后 1周转为持续性心房扑动 ,3周时电复律为窦性心律 ,术中和术后随访期内无并发症发生 ,5例在 5 .3± 1.85个月的随访中无有症状的房颤发作。结论 :左房线性电隔离治疗房颤是安全有效的方法。     

心房颤动复律前后左房结构和功能变化的超声心动图研究

目的应用超声心动图观察心房颤动(简称房颤)患者复律前后左房结构和功能的变化。方法选择房颤患者20例,按心脏复律的方式分为直流电复律组7例,药物复律组13例,分别于复律前、复律后第1天、第3天、第7天、第1个月时应用超声心动图测定左房内径和容积,记录二尖瓣血流频谱A峰流速(VA)、A峰速度时间积分(A-VTI)、心房充盈分数(AFF)和左房射血力(LAEF)。分析左房内径、容积变化与左房收缩功能的关系。应用心房肌超声组织定征技术在左房后壁心肌和心包处测量背向散射积分值(IBS)及背向散射积分周期变异幅度(CVIB)评价心肌组织的声学特征。结果房颤时所有患者均存在左房扩大,而恢复窦性心律后直流电复律组和药物复律组的左房上下径均显著降低(P<0.05或0.01)。恢复窦性心律后第1天、第3天直流电复律与药物复律组比较,左房最大和最小容积显著增大(P<0.05或0.01),VA、A-VTI、AFF和LAEF明显降低。房颤时左房心肌标化IBS较健康对照组增大,而CVIB则降低(P均<0.01),直流电复律组恢复窦性心律后第1天、第3天左房心肌标化IBS及CVIB与房颤时比较无差异(P>0.05),而药物复律组左房IBS%与房颤时和直流电复律组比较显著降低,CVIB则显著增大。恢复窦性心律后第7天、第1个月时,两组左房IBS%与房颤时比较均显著降低,CVIB显著增大(P均<0.01),两组无差异。结论两种复律方式成功复律后随时间推移均可改善房颤患者的左房结构重构和功能。     

Pre-treatment with Irbesartan attenuates left atrial stunning after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: Left atrial (LA) stunning, the transient impairment of LA function, is responsible for an increased thrombo-embolic risk after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF). Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) attenuate atrial remodelling in AF and could theoretically influence LA stunning. We studied the effect of Irbesartan on LA stunning. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively assigned 50 patients from the outpatient clinic undergoing electrical cardioversion for AF with duration of >4 weeks, into two matched groups: 25 patients were treated with Irbesartan (228+/-93 mg/day) for at least 2 weeks prior to cardioversion (Irbesartan group); 25 patients did not receive ARBs (control group). The groups did not differ concerning age (64+/-13 vs. 63+/-13 years, respectively), AF duration (20+/-18 vs. 20+/-19 weeks), underlying disease, LA diameter (46+/-7 vs. 47+/-9 mm), left ventricular dimensions, and ejection fraction (47.7+/-11.6 vs. 49.7+/-14.5%). We assessed LA appendage emptying velocities (LAAEV) and LA spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) by transoesophageal echocardiography before and after cardioversion and at 2 weeks, and the A-wave by transthoracic echocardiography after cardioversion, at 2 and at 4 weeks. LA stunning was significantly attenuated in the Irbesartan group. The reduction of LAAEV immediately after cardioversion was significantly less in the Irbesartan group (LAAEV reduction of 9+/-49% from 28+/-9 cm/s before cardioversion to 25+/-13 cm/s immediately afterwards) than in the control group (reduction of 48+/-20% from 34+/-15 cm/s before cardioversion to 16+/-6 cm/s afterwards) (P = 0.048). New or increased LASEC occurred in eight patients (32%) in the Irbesartan vs. 16 patients (64%) in the control group (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Irbesartan significantly attenuates LA stunning after electrical cardioversion of AF. Therefore, ARBs may represent an important pharmacological supplementation in patients being prepared for cardioversion.     

Left atrial anatomy and function after conversion from atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic hearts

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy on left atrial (LA) electrical and mechanical function after cardioversion atrial fibrillation (A-Fib) of brief duration. Study group A included 100 patients with a first diagnosis of hypertension who had a moderate LV hypertrophy. The patient population included 64 men and 36 women with a mean age of 55 +/-7 years who were hospitalized because of A-Fib and were cardioverted with external DC shock. Control group B included 100 patients without cardiac hypertrophy cardioverted because of lone A-Fib. Atrial function and size were assessed by Doppler echocardiography and the following parameters were measured: transmitral peak A velocity, atrial filling fraction, atrial ejection force, peak E velocity, deceleration time, and isovolumic relaxation time, LA maximal and minimal volume, and LV cardiac mass index. Baseline echocardiography showed that LA diameters and volumes were enlarged in all patients during A-Fib. After the restoration of sinus rhythm LA diameters and volumes decreased and the reduction was more evident in group B compared to group A. LA function as a continuous variable was negatively related to LV mass index (r = -0.77), LA diameter (r = -0.66 and r = -0.69 for the superoinferior diameter), LA maximal volume (r = -0.61) and LA minimal volume (r = -0.55) (all p<0.01). Atrial ejection force as a continuous variable was positively related to age (r =0.78), peak A wave velocity (r =0.71), systolic blood pressure (r =0.51), and IVRT (r =0.41) (all p<0.01). Hypertrophy influenced the recovery of atrial function after cardioversion of A-Fib. Atrial function was reduced in patients with LV hypertrophy even after A-Fib of brief duration.     

The left atrial function index: a rhythm independent marker of atrial function.

AIMS: This study evaluates a simple echocardiographic rhythm independent expression of left atrial (LA) function, 'the left atrial function index' (LAFI). BACKGROUND: Quantitation of LA function is challenging and often established parameters including peak A are limited to sinus rhythm (SR). We hypothesized that atrial function could be characterized independent of rhythm by combining analogues of LA volume, reservoir function and LV stroke volume. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) were followed for six months post cardioversion (CV). Thirty-seven age matched healthy subjects were controls. The LAFI = LAEF x LVOT-VTI/LAESVI (LAEF = LA emptying fraction, LAESVI = maximal LA volume indexed to BSA, LVOT-VTI = outflow tract velocity time integral). RESULTS: The LAFI pre-CV in the CAF group was depressed vs controls (0.10 +/- 0.05 vs 0.54 +/- 0.17; P = 0.0001). Post-CV, LAFI was lower in persistent AF than in those restored to SR (AF vs SR: 0.08 +/- 0.03 vs 0.15 +/- 0.08; P = 0.0001), improved progressively in SR and was unchanged when AF persisted. CONCLUSION: The LAFI, a simple, rhythm independent expression of atrial function, appears sensitive to differences between individuals in AF and those restored to SR and justifies clinical and investigative applications.     

心房颤动患者复律前后左心房功能变化的超声研究

目的　探讨心房颤动 ( AF )复律后左心房功能变化的特点。方法　选择 AF病人 96例 ,按心脏节律转复的方式分为自发性复律 ( A)组 2 4例 ,药物复律 ( B)组 40例及直流电复律 ( C)组 3 2例 ;分别应用超声心动图测定其左心房内径和容积 ,计算左心房主动和被动排空容积 ,并评价左心房功能。结果　AF时所有病人的左心房扩大 ,而恢复窦性心律后 A、B及 C组左心房内径降低者分别为 10 0 %、74%及 5 2 %。 62例左心房机械功能正常患者与 3 4例左心房功能降低患者比较有更强的左心房射血力 ( LAEF ) ,这与复律后左心房内径降低有关。左心房功能异常( L AEF<7达因 )患者左心房内径和容积分别与左心房射血力呈负相关 ( r=-0 .72和 -0 .76,P<0 .0 0 1)。左心房主动排空分数降低而管道容积却增加。结论　心房颤动复律后 ,左心房机械功能的延迟恢复与持续存在的的左心房扩大有关     

Atrial stunning as predictor of early relapse into atrial fibrillation after cardioversion

Although the high rate of success after cardioversion, less than 50% of patients maintain sinus rhythm for the first year. In view for the high percentage of relapse into atrial fibrillation, it is interesting to analyze the relationship between atrial stunning after cardioversion and relapse into atrial fibrillation. Thus, we evaluated 101 patients with atrial fibrillation and successful cardioversion. Atrial mechanical function was assessed by measures of transmitral peak A wave velocity, determined before and weekly after cardioversion during 1 month. Fifty-five percent of patient relapse into atrial fibrillation during follow-up. No significant differences were found in clinical and echocardiographic variables between the group with and without relapse. However, the group of patients who relapsed into atrial fibrillation showed a lower peak A wave velocity immediately after cardioversion than patients who maintain in sinus rhythm at month (0.44 ± 0.27 vs. 0.60 ± 0.38 m/s p < 0.01). Impaired atrial function improves during the first 14 days after cardioversion.     

Time-course of recovery of atrial contraction after cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation

Summary We aimed to study the time-course of recovery of atrial contraction after cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation (duration of more than 3 months) to sinus rhythm. Using M-mode, two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography, we determined left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) dimensions, peak velocities, and velocity-time integrals of early and atrial filling velocity-time profiles in both LV and right ventricular (RV) inflows (peak E and peak A, Ea and Aa). Results of the LA and LV functions in seven elderly patients (an initial study group) were as follows. The extent of the LA dimensional reduction resulting from atrial contraction was significantly increased up to 5–8 weeks compared with values 0–1 day after cardioversion [from 1.3 ± 0.8(mean ± SD) mm to 3.9 ± 1.1,P < 0.01]. In conjunction with the progressive increase in peak A, the ratio of peak E to peak A (peak E/A) was significantly decreased and reached a plateau at 5–8 weeks (from 1.93 ± 0.59 to 0.67 ± 0.11,P < 0.01). LV fractional shortening was increased significantly 5–8 weeks after cardioversion (from 0.20 ± 0.06 to 0.29 ± 0.05,P < 0.01). Since a large part of the improvement in LA contraction was expected to occur in an early stage after cardioversion, we studied eight additional patients more frequently in the early stage (an additional study group). Furthermore, we studied the time course of LA and right atrial (RA) contractions. The peak A in LV inflow velocity was significantly and progressively increased up to 1–3 weeks compared with values within 24 h after cardioversion (from 23.1 ± 7.6 cm/s to 40.6 ± 9.9,P < 0.01). The peak A in RV inflow velocity was similarly increased (from 17.6 ± 7.2 cm/s to 28.1 ± 5.4,P < 0.01). Peak E/A in LV inflow velocity was significantly and progressively decreased at 1–3 weeks, and this was also the case with peak E/A in RV inflow velocity. We conclude that it takes several weeks for each of the left and right atria to restore full strength after cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation.A part of this work was presented at the 63rd Scientific Session of the American Heart Association in 1990.     

Time to recover from atrial hormonal, mechanical, and electrical dysfunction after successful electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation

Although transient atrial dysfunction has been reported after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF), the difference in the time to recover from the atrial hormonal, mechanical, and electrical dysfunction has not been described. Thus, we evaluated the time course of recovery from atrial hormonal, mechanical, and electrical dysfunction after cardioversion in patients with nonvalvular AF. We attempted electrical cardioversion in 87 consecutive patients with nonvalvular AF that had persisted for ≥6 months, and in 24 patients (28%) with maintained sinus rhythm for ≥6 months. To evaluate atrial hormonal, mechanical, and electrical dysfunction in these 24 patients, we measured plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide, the atrial peak velocity in transmitral flow, and the ratio of peak systolic-to-diastolic pulmonary venous flow (S/D ratio) using echocardiography, and the duration and the root mean voltage for the terminal 20 ms (LP20) of the filtered P wave using P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiography. Atrial natriuretic peptide rapidly returned to baseline within 1 day after cardioversion, and maintained these levels for 6 months. Atrial peak velocity in transmitral flow and S/D ratio were significantly increased at 2 weeks, and continued to increase until 1 month, and then reached a plateau. The duration and LP20 began to recover only 6 months after cardioversion. One to 3 years after conversion, the duration and LP20 had nearly reached a plateau, but the latter value remained below normal. In patients with nonvalvular AF of prolonged duration, recovery from atrial electrical dysfunction after sinus conversion took much longer than that from either atrial hormonal or mechanical dysfunction.     

非瓣膜性心房颤动复律后左心房收缩功能改变与心房肌细胞凋亡的关系

目的:研究非瓣膜性心房颤动患者复律后左房收缩功能改变与心房肌细胞凋亡之间的关系。方法:超声观察27例患者(病例组)经药物复律后第1、15、30天时的二尖瓣血流并与15例窦性心律者(对照组)作比较,TUNEL法了解受检者的心房肌细胞凋亡指数。结果:病例组患者复律后15d的房缩期二尖瓣峰速血流、速度积分显著增大,且此后的2周内渐渐增大,而同期的左室舒张早中期血流蜂速、速度积分减小。与对照组相比,病例组心房肌细胞凋亡指数增高[(7.68±1.08)%:(2.16±0.59)%,P<0.05],而复律后第30天时房缩期二尖瓣血流仍较对照组显著减小(P<0.05)。相关分析显示:心房颤动患者心房肌细胞凋亡指数与30d内房缩期二尖瓣峰速血流变化率及速度积分变化率之间呈良好负相关(r=-0.58或-0.52,P<0.05)。结论:心房颤动患者恢复窦性心律后左房收缩功能的改变与其心房肌细胞凋亡有相关性,后者可能在一定程度上参与了影响患者复律后左房功能恢复的过程。     

阵发性心房颤动射频消融术后左房大小和机械功能变化

目的探讨经导管射频消融术对阵发性心房颤动（房颤）患者左房功能的影响,并比较肺静脉口节段性电隔离（SPVI）和环肺静脉消融（CPVA）两种术式在此方面的异同。方法66例阵发性房颤患者接受射频消融手术治疗。应用经胸心脏超声检查测量患者术前、术后1天、1个月和3个月时的左房前后径、左房面积、舒张晚期跨二尖瓣血流峰速（A峰）和舒张晚期心肌组织运动峰速（A’峰）。结果66例患者中,30例接受SPVI术,36例接受CPVA术。两组患者一般临床情况及术前超声参数相似。术后随访（315±153）d,SPVI组和CPVA组无房性心律失常复发率相似（70％与75％,P=0．650）。两组在手术后左房面积均较术前缩小,SPVI组发生于术后1个月,而CPVA组于术后3个月。SPVI组左房直径也显示出明显缩小（P〈0．05）,而CPVA组术前和术后则差异无统计学意义。左房机械功能方面,CPVA组于术后1天A峰和A’峰明显降低（P〈0．05）,两者均于3个月后较术后1天明显回升,A峰恢复至术前水平,A’峰较术前有明显升高。SPVI组术后1天没有出现A峰和A’峰明显降低;其A峰于术后1个月升高,并保持至3个月;A’峰于术后3个月时升高。结论阵发性房颤经导管SPVI术和CPVA术治疗后3个月,可以出现左房面积缩小和收缩功能改善。CPVA术比SPVI术造成了更多的左房损伤,表现为术后1天左房功能的下降以及术后左房大小、功能参数改善的延迟。