移位髋臼骨折手术并发症分析

目的 探讨髋臼移位骨折手术并发症发生原因及防治措施。方法 对我院1988年4月～2002年1月手术治疗的42例移位髋臼骨折发生的20例并发症进行分析。结果 移位髋臼骨折手术并发症发生率为47.6％,其中,术中并发症:脂肪栓塞1例,坐骨神经损伤1例。术后并发症:创伤性关节炎9例,异位骨化7例,股骨头无菌坏死1例,内固定失效1例。结论 正确选择手术入路和内固定材料,提高手术技巧和解剖复位率,尽量减小剥离,合理的早期功能锻炼是防治移位髋臼骨折手术并发症的关键。     

髋臼骨折手术中遇到的问题及处理

目的: 探讨复杂髋臼骨折手术中遇到的问题及采取的相应处理和术后异位骨化发生的机理。方法: 回顾分析 38例复杂移位髋臼骨折手术治疗的方法及临床结果。结果: 按改良MerledAubingne和Postel的髋臼骨折临床结果评分标准, 优 8例, 良 18例, 一般 7例, 差 1例, 优良率 76 5%。并发症: 股骨头缺血坏死 2例, 骨性关节炎 3例, 异位骨化 5例。结论: 复杂移位髋臼骨折治疗中对骨折类型的准确判断及合理选择手术入路是取得满意疗效的关键; 复杂髋臼骨折绝大部分可经单一入路完成, 仅少部分T型与双柱骨折需联合入路完成, 术后异位骨化与骨折界面微动有关。     

髋臼骨折术后异位骨化的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼骨折术后严重异位骨化手术切除松解的疗效.方法 2005年10月至2007年4月共收治髋臼骨折术后严重异位骨化患者5例,均为男性,平均年龄34岁(22～45岁).髋臼骨折手术后平均14.2个月(3～30个月)发生异位骨化.原始手术入路分别为:Kocher-Langenbeck入路4例,前后联合入路1例.根据Brooker分型,Ⅳ级4例,Ⅲ级1例.5例患者术前患髋活动范围平均为8°.所有患者手术前后均接受一次放射治疗,剂量为7～8 Gy.所有患者均取KoeherLangenbeck入路,术中使用神经探测仪探查并保护坐骨神经.完全切除异位骨化的骨组织,1例患者因股骨头和髋臼发生融合而行全髋关节置换.所有患者术后即开始无痛下功能锻炼,口服吲哚美辛预防异位骨化发生.结果 所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间8个月(4～22个月),伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,最终复查时均无异位骨化复发,患髋总活动范围平均为160°.结论 对于髋臼骨折术后严重异位骨化而导致髋关节活动障碍的患者,在骨折愈合后尽早手术切除,并配合药物和放射治疗可获得满意疗效.     

髋臼骨折手术并发症的防治

目的探讨髋臼骨折手术并发症发生的原因及防治措施。方法总结我院1997年1月～2003年10月67例髋臼骨折手术治疗的病例，采用不同手术入路行手术切开复位内固定治疗，包括Kocher-Langenbeck入路44例，Ilio—inguinal入路12例，Extened Ilio—femoral入路5例，Ilio—femoral入路l例及联合入路5例。分析术后主要并发症的发生原因。结果平均随访36．4个月(6月～7年)，根据Matta临床标准和x线标准评定优良率分别为76．1％和73．1％。主要并发症为：坐骨神经损伤9例(13．4％)，异位骨化10例(14．9％)，股骨头缺血坏死3例(4．5％)，创伤性关节炎11例(16．4％)，经相应处理，疗效良好，无一例死亡，未再发生感染、血栓栓塞等并发症。结论髋臼骨折手术切开复位内固定疗效良好；术前正确判断骨折类型，选择最佳入路，术中减少手术创伤，良好复位和妥善固定，术后对症治疗可以减少并发症的发牛。     

可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位

目的探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位的效果。方法髋后外侧入路手术治疗26例股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者,股骨头骨折均采用可吸收螺钉固定;Ⅲ型合并股骨颈骨折者采用钛质空心螺钉固定,Ⅳ型合并髋臼骨折者采用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统固定髋臼骨折。结果26例均获随访,时间15～48个月。按D′Aubigue-Postel评分法：优10例,良13例,中1例,差2例（1例股骨头缺血性坏死,1例股骨头缺血性坏死合并髋周异位骨化）。未出现可吸收螺钉断裂及异物反应现象,无深部感染及创伤性关节炎等并发症发生。结论股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位采用髋后外侧入路、可吸收螺钉及髋臼三维记忆内固定可获得理想的治疗效果。     

髋臼骨折手术并发症分析

目的探讨髋臼骨折手术并发症,提高髋臼骨折手术疗效。方法1998年6月~2006年12月手术治疗髋臼骨折95例,按Letounel-Judet分型,其中后壁骨折22例,后柱骨折8例,前壁骨折5例,前柱骨折6例,横形骨折15例,后柱伴后壁骨折8例,横形伴后壁骨折12例,"T"形骨折5例,前柱伴后半横形骨折3例,双柱骨折11例。根据不同骨折类型,手术分别采用Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路52例,髂腹股沟入路35例,前后联合入路6例,髂股入路2例。对术后患者关节功能和主要并发症进行分析。结果所有病例平均随访26.8(6~48)个月。术后发生创伤性关节炎10例、股骨头坏死7例、异位骨化15例、坐骨神经损伤8例。结论正确选择手术时机、切口入路和内固定植入位置是减少髋臼骨折手术并发症的关键。     

陈旧性髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨陈旧性髋臼骨折手术治疗的方法并评价术后疗效。方法：对1993年8月-2001年8月手术治疗的陈旧性髋臼骨折32例的手术入路、手术方法、功能结果及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果：平均随访时间49.6个月。髋关节功能评分优3例,良16例,中10例,差3例,优良率为59.4％。术后出现坐骨神经损伤1例,出现异位骨化6例,股骨头坏死3例。结论：陈旧性髋臼骨折的治疗要慎重选择手术指征,经恰当的手术入路,正确的复位固定方法,可以获得相对满意的结果。     

髋臼骨折手术内固定治疗探讨

目的探讨手术内固定治疗有移位髋臼骨折的疗效。方法回顾性总结21例有移位髋臼骨折手术治疗的经验，21例损伤严重程度评分(ISS)平均21．1分，根据骨折类型选用髂腹股沟入路8例，Kocher-Langenbeck入路8例，前后联合入路3例，延长的髂腹股沟入路和三射入路各1例。复位后应用骨盆重建钢板及拉力螺钉内固定。结果21例经12～56个月平均36个月随访，发生感染2例，创伤性关节炎6例，异位骨化5例，股骨头无菌性坏死1例。复位按Matta方法评估，解剖复位6例，满意复位12例，不满意复位3例。按Matta髋关节功能评分标准评估疗效，优7例，良10例，一般3例，差1例，优良率80．9％。结论对有移位的髋臼骨折，应根据骨折类型采取不同手术入路，掌握手术时机、术的经验、术中良好的复位是提高疗效的关键。     

手术治疗移位髋臼骨折的临床探讨

目的探讨和总结移位髋臼骨折的治疗方法。方法对我院从2010年5月~2015年5月收治的19例移位髋臼骨折患者进行回顾分析,总结其治疗方法及临床效果。结果 19例均获得随访,随访6~24个月(平均18个月),临床效果评价采用改良的d’Aubigne-Postel髋关节评分标准进行评分,优14例,良3例,可1例,差1例,优良率89.5%。1例术后出现严重的创伤性关节炎并股骨头缺血坏死行人工全髋关节置换,1例采用后入路患者发生异位骨化,1例术中牵拉损伤坐骨神经。结论采用合适的手术治疗方法治疗移位髋臼骨折,能重建髋关节的匹配及稳定性,术后患者可早期活动,临床疗效良好。     

髋臼骨折内固定术后的全髋关节置换

目的探讨髋臼骨折经内固定术后出现并发症而导致疗效不佳,行全髋关节置换(TH R)的方法和疗效。方法总结经切开复位内固定治疗的髋臼骨折患者11例,因术后27～63个月(平均46.5个月)内继发创伤性关节炎或股骨头坏死,继而行全髋关节置换术。其中合并髋臼骨缺损6例,进行颗粒性植骨2例,结构性加颗粒性植骨4例;异位骨化4例,均发生于K-L入路。采用后外侧入路9例,髂股延伸切口2例,其中6例为原手术切口。结果11例患者全部得到随访,随访1年6个月～7年3个月,平均3年5个月。出现感染1例,脱位1例,无菌松动1例。术后再次异位骨化2例,其中1例引起坐骨神经症状,再次行神经松解术。所有随访病例髋关节功能均有改善,H arris评分由术前平均47分,提高到术后88分。结论选择正确的手术入路,适当处理异位骨化组织和内固定物,重建髋臼骨缺损,是髋臼骨折经切开复位内固定术后,再行全髋关节置换成功的关键。     

Acetabular dysplasia: a paradigm of arthroscopic examination of chondral injuries

The current authors show the value of arthroscopy in diagnosing labral and acetabular cartilage injury and examining the relationship between those injuries and acetabular dysplasia. Between 1989 and 2000, 170 hips in 163 patients with mild acetabular dysplasia or moderate dysplasia with joint preservation had arthroscopic evaluation. Surgical findings were classified by location and by severity of the chondral lesions of the femoral head, acetabulum, and labrum. Of the 170 hips with dysplasia, 122 had labral tears (72%) at the free-margin articular surface and 113 had anterior tears (66%). One hundred hips (59%) had anterior acetabular chondral lesions. Among the 113 patients who had anterior labral tears, 78 hips (69%) had anterior acetabular chondral defects, and 44 hips (39%) had anterior femoral head chondral lesions. Mild uncovering of the anterior femoral head subjects the labrum to increased load and potential susceptibility to tearing most frequently anteriorly. Labral tears may contribute to or can occur in association with articular cartilage lesions of the contiguous femoral head or acetabulum. The mechanism of injury is most likely hyperextension or torque of the hip or both. The findings in the current study support the concept that labral disruption frequently is a predecessor in the continuum of degenerative joint disease.     

The natural course of osteoarthritis of the hip. Indication of conservative treatment in relation to osteophyte formation at the acetabular rim

One hundred and eighty-five hips from 152 patients with primary or secondary osteoarthritis were studied in an attempt to assess the degrees of hip pain in contrast to radiological and other clinical findings. In 30.8% and 26.4% of the primary and secondary osteoarthritic hips respectively, hip pain showed some gradual decrease as time elapsed. Pain relief probably in association with osteophyte formation at the craniolateral acetabular rim occurred in 62.5% and 33.3% of the primary and secondary osteoarthritic hips respectively. Significant parameters observed in the primary osteoarthritic cases of the decreasing pain group were as follows: A lesser extent of cranial displacement of the femoral head, poor capital drop development, well developed floor osteophyte. On the other hand significant parameters in the decreasing pain group of secondary osteoarthritis were as follows: Well developed floor osteophyte, a small size of cyst in both the femoral head and the acetabulum, few "b" or "d" type of bony sclerosis in the acetabulum. Careful observation of radiographic changes (cyst and sourcil) would be most important, especially in secondary osteoarthritis, to decide the indication of surgery. On the basis of histological studies of osteophyte at the craniolateral acetabular rim obtained at the operation, it was assumed that the osteophyte formation had initiated from metaplasia of the labrum or synovial membrane and progressed by a form of chondral ossification after the process of fibrous tissue formation. A well developed trabecular density in the osteophyte at the craniolateral acetabular rim was determined by the use of Muto digigrammer system, Model G-002.     

高龄患者生物型全髋置换术的早期疗效与并发症分析

目的 总结分析高龄患者(≥75岁)应用生物型全髋置换术治疗的早期疗效与并发症.方法 2003年2月～2007年8月共行28例(28髋)高龄患者生物型全髋置换术.术前诊断:骨性关节炎16例,股骨头坏死7例,陈旧性股骨颈骨折3例,新鲜髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折1例.陈旧性髋臼骨折1例.每次随访时行临床疗效评估、X线检查;记录术中、术后并发症.结果 患者均获得随访,平均2.5年(1～5.5年).随访期间无一例死亡.临床疗效:术前Harris评分平均42分(8～54分),最后一次随访时平均87分(66～97分),其中优9例,良16例,可2例,差1例,优良率为89.3%.术前5例(17.9%)中度疼痛、19例(67.9%)重度疼痛、4例(14.3%)极重度疼痛.最后一次随访时25例(89.3%)疼痛消失、2例(7.1%)微痛、1例(3.6%)轻度疼痛.X线表现:髋臼假体外展角为43.5°(38～56°),前倾角13.5°(4～20°),最终随访时无假体移位或松动现象;股骨侧最终随访时可见假体周围骨性稳定27髋,纤维稳定1髋;假体下沉<2mm者3髋,其余均无假体下沉.并发症:术中无血管、神经损伤;术后脱位3例,脱位率为10.7%,伤口浅表感染1例,异位骨化2例.结论 生物型全髋置换术治疗高龄患者早期能取得满意的临床疗效和X线表现,但是术后脱位等并发症不容忽视,应积极预防并发症的发生.     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修病例分析

目的分析人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因,评价全髋翻修术的临床效果。方法本组33例34髋。初次关节置换类型:全髋置换21例,双杯髋关节置换1例,人工股骨头置换11例。翻修原因:无菌性松动23例24髋,髋臼位置不良1例1髋,股骨头置换后髋臼磨损5例5髋,感染4例4髋。翻修距初次手术时间:1年以内5髋,1～2年1髋,5～10年18髋,10～13年10髋。翻修假体类型:非骨水泥型假体20髋,混合型假体7髋,骨水泥型假体7髋。结果平均随访3.5年。1例术后半年发生股骨柄松动进行再翻修,其余病例假体保留,优良率为82.4%。结论翻修的最常见原因为无菌性松动,人工股骨头置换时髋臼磨损也是翻修原因之一,对较年轻的股骨颈骨折患者,如行假体置换,最好采用全髋关节置换。翻修术采用非骨水泥型假体较好。     

Factors which affect the progression of osteoarthritis after rotational acetabular osteotomy

We have investigated the factors which affect the progression of osteoarthritis after rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO). Between 1984 and 1998, we treated 60 dysplastic hips by RAO. The mean age at surgery was 31.6 years (13 to 51) and the mean period of follow-up was 4.6 years (2 to 9.5). The thickness of the articular cartilage on the weight-bearing area, pre- and postoperative acetabular cover, and the sphericity of the femoral head were used for radiological assessment. The osteoarthritis did not progress in 39 hips. Significant factors which affected the radiological grade included sphericity of the femoral head and the postoperative acetabular cover. The surgical approach and preoperative acetabular cover did not affect the progression of osteoarthritis. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical approach used, either conventional (23 hips) or modified (37 hips). Significant factors included the postoperative acetabular cover in the modified approach, and the sphericity of the femoral head in the conventional approach. It is critical that the postoperative cover is sufficient, especially when RAO is carried out using our modified technique.     

髋臼骨折内固定失败术后的全髋关节置换术

目的:探讨髋臼骨折内固定失败术后继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死行全髋关节置换术的特点及临床疗效。方法:2009年2月至2014年10月,采用全髋关节置换术对31例(31髋)髋臼骨折内固定失败继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死患者进行治疗,其中男26例,女5例;受伤时平均年龄(41±12)岁。患者因髋臼骨折内固定术后3~132个月,平均(20.6±26.9)个月内继发创伤性关节炎和(或)股骨头缺血性坏死而行全髋关节置换术,全髋关节置换术均采用后外侧入路。观察术后并发症和关节活动度,并比较术前和术后随访时髋关节VAS疼痛评分和Harris髋关节评分。结果:术后27例获得随访,随访时间12~80个月,平均(43.2±11.7)个月。其中出现关节感染1例,假体松动1例,脱位1例,无继发坐骨神经损伤病例发生。所有随访病例髋关节功能和步态有明显改善;至末次随访时,VAS由术前平均(7.6±1.2)分,降低到术后平均(1.2±0.9)分,Harris评分由术前平均(45.5±13.6)分,提高到术后平均(88.5±7.8)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。髋关节除后伸外,前屈、外展、内收、内旋及外旋活动范围较术前显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。X线片复查示:髋臼假体无不稳定发生,1例股骨柄假体下沉3 mm,2例发生异位骨化。结论:正确处理内固定物,提防潜在感染,合理重建髋臼骨缺损,是髋臼骨折内固定失败术后全髋关节置换成功的关键。     

变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术前设计及临床意义

目的:探讨变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术中髋臼假体的正确放置位置及手术疗效。方法:对34例（38髋）接受全髋关节置换的髋臼变异的各类髋关节疾病进行术前设计,其中男20例,女14例,平均年龄56.1岁（29⁷5岁）。股骨头坏死继发骨性关节炎15例（19髋）,髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎12例,创伤性骨关节炎5例,髋关节融合术后1例,髋关节人工股骨头置换术后1例。结果:术后患者均获得随访,平均随访11个月（5³8个月）。根据Harris髋关节功能评分评定,优（>90分）12髋,良（80⁹0分）23髋,尚可（70⁷9分）3髋,失败0髋（<70分）。评定结果:术前Harris评分平均47.9分,术后平均90.3分。结论:对于髋臼解剖结构异常的髋关节疾病患者行全髋人工关节置换时,通过术前对髋臼正确位置的设计,使髋关节中心置于正确的位置上,既可简化术中操作的难度,又可以使臼杯假体得到牢固固定及良好的骨覆盖,有利于人工全髋关节的长期疗效。     

变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术前设计及临床意义

目的:探讨变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术中髋臼假体的正确放置位置及手术疗效。方法:对34例(38髋)接受全髋关节置换的髋臼变异的各类髋关节疾病进行术前设计,其中男20例,女14例,平均年龄56.1岁(29~75岁)。股骨头坏死继发骨性关节炎15例(19髋),髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎12例,创伤性骨关节炎5例,髋关节融合术后1例,髋关节人工股骨头置换术后1例。结果:术后患者均获得随访,平均随访11个月(5~38个月)。根据Harris髋关节功能评分评定,优(>90分)12髋,良(80~90分)23髋,尚可(70~79分)3髋,失败0髋(<70分)。评定结果:术前Harris评分平均47.9分,术后平均90.3分。结论:对于髋臼解剖结构异常的髋关节疾病患者行全髋人工关节置换时,通过术前对髋臼正确位置的设计,使髋关节中心置于正确的位置上,既可简化术中操作的难度,又可以使臼杯假体得到牢固固定及良好的骨覆盖,有利于人工全髋关节的长期疗效。     

Clinical implications of anatomical wear characteristics in slipped capital femoral epiphysis and primary osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND: This study compares the wear characteristics in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) with those of primary osteoarthritis (OA) in adult patients with advanced arthritis. METHODS: One hundred femoral heads and proximal neck specimens were studied from SCFE patients (16 hips) and from primary OA (84 hips) patients undergoing total hip arthroplasties (THA). Grade 4 chondromalacia was plotted on a 2-dimensional (2-D) paper grid. Computer tomographic scans were used to create 3-D models of the femoral head and neck to trace the wear patterns. RESULTS: The SCFE group was characterized by (1) loss of neck-head offset, (2) acetabular neck impingement, and (3) loss of superior peripheral articular cartilage adjacent to superior neck. Whereas the primary OA group showed (1) preservation of head-neck offset, (2) absence of acetabular neck impingement, and (3) preservation of superior peripheral articular cartilage. The 3-D modeling in SCFE specimens demonstrated acetabular impingement on the superior lateral femoral neck causing the femur to externally rotate with flexion. The SCFE patients undergoing THA on average were 11 years younger than those with primary OA. The study strongly suggests that the abnormal rotation of the femoral head in SCFE patients causes thinner superior lateral articular cartilage on the femoral head to articulate with the acetabulum. The pistol-grip deformity of the proximal femur in the SCFE group results in hip impingement, which explains why hip flexion and internal rotation can be restricted. CONCLUSIONS: There was a premature development of advanced OA of the adult hip joint in SCFE patients. This was associated with hip impingement caused by loss of the head-neck offset and reorientation of the articular cartilage of the femoral head. Unless the femoral head is redirected in patients with SCFE, the benefits of limited hip preservation debridement procedures are not expected to delay the onset and progression of arthritis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study.     

Total hip arthroplasty with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, we implanted 23 cementless cups and femoral head autografts in 20 patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In this study, a retrospective study was made on 21 hips in 20 patients (18 females and 2 males, aged 50 years on an average) with developmental hip dysplasia treated by THA with a cementless cup and femoral head autograft. The acetabular cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum and all the patients required autogenous femoral head grafts due to acetabular deficiency. The average rate of the acetabular cup covered by the femoral head autograft was 31% ( ranging from 10 % to 45 % ). Eight hips had less than 25 % cup coverage and thirteen between 25% and 50%. The average follow-up period was 4.7 years (range, 1-8 years). The replacing outcome was evaluated by modified Harri ship score. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results: All the autografts were united to the host bones. No autograft was collapsed or no component from the hip was loosed in all the patients. According to the modified Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 46 before operation to 89 at the final review. Before operation, the leg-length discrepancy was greater than 2 cm in all the patients except one with bilateral hip dysplasia. After operation, only 2 out of 20 patients had a leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. Three hips showed minor bone resorption in the lateral portion of the graft, which did not support the cup. Three hips developed Grade 1 Brooker heterotopic ossification and one developed Grade 2. Conclusions: THA with a cementless cup and a femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis resulted from hip dysplasia can result in favorable outcomes. This method can provide reliable acetabnlar fixation and restore the aeetabular bone stock in patients with developmental hip dysplasia when the cementless cup covered by the graft does not exceed 50 %.