Contrôle biologique de l’entraînement sportif par spectrométrie IR-TF

The aim of our study is to develop and validate a biological technique of analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry which uses a microcapillary taken away to measure 19 serum biological parameters.     

Déclaration de consensus sur l’entraînement de l’enfant au sport d’élite

Protecting the health of the athlete is the primary goal of the International Olympic Committee's Medical Commission. One of its main objectives is the promotion of safe practices in the training of the elite child athlete. The elite child athlete is one who has superior athletic talent, undergoes specialised training, receives expert coaching and is exposed to early competition. Sport provides a positive environment that may enhance the physical growth and psychological development of children. This unique athlete population has distinct social, emotional and physical needs, which vary depending on the athlete's particular stage of maturation. The elite child athlete requires appropriate training, coaching and competition that ensure a safe and healthy athletic career and promote future well-being. This document reviews the scientific basis of sports training in the child, the special challenges and unique features of training elite children and provides recommendations to parents, coaches, health care providers, sports governing bodies and significant other parties.     

Intérêt d’un réentraînement à l’effort intermittent individualisé chez l’adolescent obèse

Introduction

To assess in six obese teenagers, the effects of 30 sessions (three days/week) of 50-minute individualised interval training on cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters at rest and during exercise.

Synthesis

After this programme, fat mass decreases (10.8%) while BMI did not change. The expiratory reserve volume improved (44.6%). Maximal aerobic power, oxygen pulse and maximal ventilation are higher (12.4%; 16.9%; 17.2% respectively). First and second ventilatory threshold are increased (26.1% and 17.3%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the efficiency of this individualised training programme for obese teenagers. Such a programme may therefore provides additional benefits in weight management of obesity.     

Effet de l'entraînement sur l'anabolisme musculaire : analyse de la réceptivité à la testostérone

This study analysed consequences of testosteronemia changes on anabolic process after endurance physical training. During 8 weeks, rats were physically trained in endurance tests. Plasmatic testosterone concentrations were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), weight of three skeletal muscles (soleus, EDL, tibialis anterior) and total muscular protein concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05). After endurance physical training muscular hypertrophy was well evidenced (P < 0.05). The analyse of testosterone muscular receptor was performed, permitting two essentials conclusions: according to fibre histological profiles, hormonal receptivity was more profound on fast-twitch muscles (P < 0.05); this hormonal receptivity persists as well as testosteronemia, which was significantly diminished with endurance training.     

La technique de Didier Patte dans les luxations récidivantes de l’épaule : notre expérience à propos de 35 cas avec un suivi d’une dizaine d’années

Aims

Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte.

Results

From the year 1988 and during 10 years, 35 patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10 years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements.

Conclusion

In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes.     

Présentation clinique,biologique et ergométrique de six cas d’overtraining syndrome

Introduction

This work aimed at describing clinical and laboratory characteristics of the overtraining syndrome in its chronic form (staleness).

Summary of facts

We present six cases of chronic overtraining syndrome that have undergone an in-depth survey. Response to the standardized questionnaire for overtraining of the SFMS appears remarkably monomorphic. Patients often exhibit low IGFBP-3 and lower maximal heart rate at exercise, as well as low value of the constant γ2 of postexercice lactate decrease and a lowered ability to oxidize fat during exercise.

Conclusion

Clinical and biological presentation of the overtraining syndrome is highly variable, but the SFMS questionnaire is actually the most relevant approach. Decreases in IGFBP-3 and maximal heart rate are found in agreement with previous literature. A lowered γ2 constant and a “glucodependance” at exercise calorimetry may represent new interesting markers.     

Adaptations myocardiques chez l'enfant prépubère soumis à un entraînement intensif. Étude comparative entre une population de gymnastes et de nageurs

Introduction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cardiac structure and function in prepubertal highly-trained swimmers and gymnasts. Method. Thirty-five children (10–11 years) were investigated: nine swimmers (S), 15 gymnasts (G) and 11 as a control group (C). The swimmers and gymnasts had trained on average 10 to 12 h/wk for at least 2 years. The subjects were examined at rest by M-mode, bi-dimensional and Doppler analyses according to standard procedures recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography. The following parameters were obtained: left ventricular (LV) internal dimension at end-diastole (LVIDd) and at end-systole —posterior wall and interventricular septal thicknesses -Left ventricular mass (Lvmass) — LV shortening fraction — ejection fraction — peak velocity of early diastolic rapid inflow and of atrial contraction filling — mitral acceleration and deceleration — isovolumic relaxation time. In addition, the cardiac output was evaluated from transaortic Doppler examinations. The heart rate (Hr) was measured simultaneously with all echocardiographic examinations. Results.- The main results show that LV internal diastolic dimensions and LV mass were significantly higher in S than in the other two groups. No differences were however observed between groups regarding cardiac wall thicknesses. Moreover, all values of G were very close to those obtained by C. Both systolic and diastolic functions were normal in the three groups. Finally, the stroke volume (SV) was higher in S than in the other two groups and because of a bradycardia observed among S, the resting cardiac output was similar in the three groups. The higher LVIDd in S still persisted after correction for Hr. A low diastolic period associated with higher LVIDs can probably explain the high SV in S. Conclusion.- Our results strongly suggest that cardiac structure and function adaptations can occur in prepubertal children as a result of an intensive training program prolonged over a long-term period, only if this program is predominantly based on aerobic exercises. Whatever the kind of sport, neither LV systolic nor diastolic functions are affected by training during prepuberty. Further investigations will however be needed in order to better understand diastolic function adaptations to intensive aerobic training in children.     

Correction de l’hypoxémie d’exercice chez le BPCO : variabilité des réponses, enjeux et problèmes posés dans le cadre de la réhabilitation respiratoire

Aim

To define in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (COPD) moderately hypoxemic in resting conditions, if controlled acute oxygen supplementation was always able to increase exercise tolerance when partial oxygen saturation SpO₂ was corrected.

Results

In hyperoxia, endurance time (T_LIM) was significantly and consistently increased in 14 COPD (+68%) and decreased in seven others (–36%). These two subgroups exhibited no difference in resting values or in their disease severity. COPD with a decreased T_LIM under hyperoxic conditions had an abnormal response to O₂: unchanged cardiac output and ventilation, increased breathing frequency.

Conclusion

This work shows that acute O₂ supplementation responses in COPD are not univocal, either on exercise tolerance or cardio-respiratory variables typically affected by hyperoxia.     

Activité physique adaptée et qualité de vie liée à la santé lors d’un séjour hospitalier chez des enfants atteints d’un cancer : APOP, un essai randomisé en cross-over

Introduction

The objective was to assess the efficacy of adapted physical activity on quality of life of hospitalized children and adolescents with cancer.

Facts

Thirty children were included in the APOP study (mean age 13.6 ± 2.9 years; 18 males). Cross-over analysis revealed no effect of period or interaction between physical activity and period. Quality of life was higher when children practiced than when they did not practice physical activity during their hospitalization, as reported by both children and parents, for the dimensions of physical functioning (P < 0.0001), role/social-physical limitations (P = 0.001), self-esteem (P < 0.0001) and mental health (P < 0.0001). Physical activity had a significant effect on the general behavior dimension (P = 0.01), as reported by children, and on the bodily pain dimension (P = 0.0004), as reported by parents.

Conclusion

Physical activity practiced during hospitalization for children with cancer was associated with better health-related quality of life.