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Protecting the health of the athlete is the primary goal of the International Olympic Committee's Medical Commission. One of its main objectives is the promotion of safe practices in the training of the elite child athlete. The elite child athlete is one who has superior athletic talent, undergoes specialised training, receives expert coaching and is exposed to early competition. Sport provides a positive environment that may enhance the physical growth and psychological development of children. This unique athlete population has distinct social, emotional and physical needs, which vary depending on the athlete's particular stage of maturation. The elite child athlete requires appropriate training, coaching and competition that ensure a safe and healthy athletic career and promote future well-being. This document reviews the scientific basis of sports training in the child, the special challenges and unique features of training elite children and provides recommendations to parents, coaches, health care providers, sports governing bodies and significant other parties. 相似文献
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Aims
Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte.Results
From the year 1988 and during 10 years, 35 patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10 years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements.Conclusion
In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes. 相似文献3.
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Introduction
The aim of the study is to assess the psychological effects of a short-term therapeutical prednisolone intake.Synthesis
We studied, according to a double-blind, randomized cross-over protocol, the effects of a seven day prednisolone intake (60 mg/day) in 10 healthy male subjects on global health and mood state. No significant change was found between the treatments (prednisolone/placebo) in the 15 variables investigated. However, tendencies appeared revealing an increase of self-esteem, personal accomplishment and athletic identification, as well as a decrease in negative affect for the subjects under treatment.Conclusion
These results could reveal a psychological impact of glucocorticoid intake and should be confirmed by a further study with athletes submitted to a more intense physical activity. 相似文献9.
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To define in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (COPD) moderately hypoxemic in resting conditions, if controlled acute oxygen supplementation was always able to increase exercise tolerance when partial oxygen saturation SpO2 was corrected.Results
In hyperoxia, endurance time (TLIM) was significantly and consistently increased in 14 COPD (+68%) and decreased in seven others (–36%). These two subgroups exhibited no difference in resting values or in their disease severity. COPD with a decreased TLIM under hyperoxic conditions had an abnormal response to O2: unchanged cardiac output and ventilation, increased breathing frequency.Conclusion
This work shows that acute O2 supplementation responses in COPD are not univocal, either on exercise tolerance or cardio-respiratory variables typically affected by hyperoxia. 相似文献11.
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The use of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry technique (FT-IR) as a pitch technique of the biological control of short and intense exercises close to those of Rugby matches.Material and method
In reference to 28 rugbymen of international level, the biological results of three short and intense exercises and two periods of recovery were analyzed by TF-IR. The exercises are: (1) sprints; (2) 12 × 20 m of swerve running; (3) 6 × 30 s of shuttle run.Results
Lactate, glucose, urea, and to a lesser degree, triglycerides showed a significant evolution. If the evolution of the two first was in conformity with the literature, the increase of urea probably results from the activation of the purins–nucleotides cycle, whereas the evolution of triglycerides is explained by their probable muscular use during periods of active recovery. Among proteins related to the healthy sportsman, only haptoglobin presents a significant variation difficult to explain whereas CRP, orosomucoid and immunoglobulins A, G and M remain close to their rest values.Conclusion
With the use of FT-IR technique, it is possible to intervene directly on the pitches of the sporting practice to control the biological incidences and to adjust the loads individually. It is also possible to detect inflammatory and immunological problems related to the biomechanical and physiological stresses. 相似文献15.
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