Effets de la reprise d’une activité physique régulière sur les capacités physiques et la qualité de vie d’hommes atteints du syndrome métabolique

Objective

To assess the effects of aerobic training on physical capacities and quality of life in men with metabolic syndrome (Mets), using field evaluation tools.

Synthesis

The physical capacities and the quality of life of eight men with Mets (59.5 ± 4.8 years old) was assessed before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training by the 6 minutes walking test and the quality of life, obesity and dietetics scale.

Conclusion

Aerobic exercise training of 8 weeks improves physical capacities and the psychosocial impact dimension of quality of life in men with Mets, without generating anthropometric modification.     

Perception de soi et activité physique adaptée dans l’anorexie mentale

Introduction

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder related to disturbances of self-perception (body image, self-esteem, physical self-perception).

Methods and results

These three components of self-perception were assessed by questionnaires in 19 women with anorexia, at the beginning and at the end of a program of adapted physical activity (APA), and in 16 women without eating disorder. Results revealed that the anorexics scores were significantly lower than controls for the three variables. Nevertheless, we observed no effect of the program of APA on these variables for anorexics.

Conclusion

In spite of absence of significant effect, we considered that a six-month program of APA would contribute to the anorexia recovery process by reducing the self-perception disturbances.     

Aspects biologiques des interactions de l’exercice et de la récupération

Subject

The use of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry technique (FT-IR) as a pitch technique of the biological control of short and intense exercises close to those of Rugby matches.

Material and method

In reference to 28 rugbymen of international level, the biological results of three short and intense exercises and two periods of recovery were analyzed by TF-IR. The exercises are: (1) sprints; (2) 12 × 20 m of swerve running; (3) 6 × 30 s of shuttle run.

Results

Lactate, glucose, urea, and to a lesser degree, triglycerides showed a significant evolution. If the evolution of the two first was in conformity with the literature, the increase of urea probably results from the activation of the purins–nucleotides cycle, whereas the evolution of triglycerides is explained by their probable muscular use during periods of active recovery. Among proteins related to the healthy sportsman, only haptoglobin presents a significant variation difficult to explain whereas CRP, orosomucoid and immunoglobulins A, G and M remain close to their rest values.

Conclusion

With the use of FT-IR technique, it is possible to intervene directly on the pitches of the sporting practice to control the biological incidences and to adjust the loads individually. It is also possible to detect inflammatory and immunological problems related to the biomechanical and physiological stresses.     

Facteurs de la variation de la fréquence cardiaque maximale: hypothèse «enképhalinique

To try to explain the decrease in maximal heart rate under different situations (ie, chronic hypoxia, ageing, proteino-energetic malnutrition), cardiac concentration and flow of leucine-encephalin peptide in isolated and perfused hearts were studied in rats. The heart leucine-encephalin concentration which was 301 ± 60 fmol/g before perfusion, increased up to 543 ± 125 fmol/g after perfusion (1 h). The total release during perfusion was four times the initial concentration. Concerning the antagonism of leucine-encephalin on cardiotropic adrenergic effects on isolated cardiomyocytes, it is possible to propose this mechanism to explain totally or partially the decrease in maximal heart rate under particular situations.     

Le point sur les recommandations de santé publique en matière d’activité physique

Objective

To describe the evolution of the recommendations for physical activity to better understand their scientific bases and to summarize the current public health recommendations for physical activity.

News

The health-related benefits from physical activity are well-known even if all the mechanisms are not well understood. Some recommendations have been published and guidelines have been provided.

Perspectives and projects

Public health recommendations for physical activity are largely shared. However, specific recommendations for management of chronic disease should be precised.

Conclusion

Recommendations for physical activity should be disseminate among professionals, and particularly among health professionals because of their capacity to deliver advices to their patients. The challenge consists in defining the optimal quantity and the type of physical activity according to the characteristics of the population and their health.     

Condition physique et niveau d’activité physique d’adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle

Introduction

The aim of this study is to analyze the physical fitness and physical activity in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

Summary of facts

These adolescents had a low level of physical fitness according to Eurofit test battery compared with standard results. Moreover, 41.18% of participants presented an excess of body fat mass and only 12% reach enough physical activity to avoid an excess of body fat.

Conclusion

This low physical fitness coupled with low levels of physical activity increases the health risks and might worsen restriction of social participation.     

Técnicas de recanalización vertebrobasilar antes de la introducción de las endoprótesis recuperadoras: la reapertura no es sinónimo de buena evolución

Objectives

To evaluate the recanalization rate and clinical outcome three months after endovascular treatment for vertebrobasilar occlusion before the placement of stentrievers.

Material and methods

We reviewed all cases of basilar thrombosis treated with endovascular techniques at our center. We reviewed the clinical outcomes with the main objective of determining the recanalization rate and the secondary objective of evaluating the outcome using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) three months after treatment. We assessed clinical and angiographic variables and correlated them with outcome and complications.

Results

We reviewed a total of 27 consecutive patients (mean age, 58.1 ± 15.5 y; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), 21, interquartile range, 18-29; median Glasgow coma score (GCS) 7, interquartile range, 4-9.5). The mean time between the onset of symptoms and endovascular treatment was 26.3 ± 41.7 hours. Complete or partial recanalization was achieved in 23 (85.1%) patients. Three months after treatment, 16 (59.2%) had died and 6 (22.2%) had good outcome (mRS ≤ 2).

Conclusion

Endovascular treatment achieved a high rate of recanalization of occlusions of the basilar artery. Nevertheless, a high percentage of the patients did not have a good outcome. New materials might improve the prognosis in these patients.     

Contention adhésive de cheville et contrôle postural en condition quasi statique : impact de la pose d’une sous-bande en mousse

Aim

This study's purpose is to estimate the effect of an elastic rubber band ankle strapping on the postural control with or without underwrap.

Method

Fifteen healthy volunteers have been tested on a two feet standing position while performing a task under three conditions: without being strapped, with the strapping over the skin and with the strapping over and underwrap. The variable on trial, recorded using a force platform, was the pression center movement (CP) defined by its frontal (AP) and medial (ML) axes. We extracted CP trajectories decomposed into two elementary motions: the horizontal displacements of the centre of gravity (CG) and the vertical projection of the difference between centre of pressure and the centre of gravity (CP–CG).

Results

The only statistically significative decrease of variance from the no strapping condition was with over skin strapping condition for the CP and CG on ML axe. No CP–CG variance was significally modified.

Conclusion

The over skin strapping provide a lateral stabilization. The hypothesis of additional sensory information and mechanical restriction of the ankle could provide explanation.