L’embrochage en palmier de Kapandji dans le traitement des fractures de l’extrémité proximale de l’humérus

Over a 7-year period (January 2003–December 2009), 18 patients have been treated for proximal humeral fractures after sport injuries using Kapandji's method of internal fixation. Neer classification was used to classify the fractures. Various indications were found, with a majority of two and three part fractures. Complications were not rare, but the functional results following Constant score are very good.     

Fracture ouverte de la clavicule et traitement par fixateur externe. À propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature

Introduction

Clavicular fractures are treated by orthopedic means or by surgery with internal fixation. Most open fractures are also treated surgically but the use of external fixator remains exceptional.

Clinical case

It is about a 23-year-old patient presenting secondary punctiform cutaneous opening within the framework of clavicule fracture. The fracture had remained exposed for more than 24 hours. After trimming of the wound and reduction, the stabilization of its fracture was carried out by an external fixator Percy Fx^®. The patient directly began rehabilitation for his upper limb. No infection was noted. On the third month, the callous was solid enough to allow hardware removal simple sedation.

Discussion

The cutaneous opening of the clavicule fractures is rare and represents less than one case over 1000. The open fractures in polytrauma patients are accompanied by other direct vascular, nervous even pulmonary complications. In the case of open fracture, surgery is indicated either by intramedullary nailing or with plate and screw fixation. However, the use of an external fixator is recommended by certain authors. The stabilization of this fracture was carried out by an external fixator whose flexibility, light character and radiotransparency, facilitated the follow up.

Conclusion

Although the installation of an external fixator remains exceptional for the treatment of an open clavicule fracture, this method could be under certain conditions an alternative technique to osteosynthesis.     

Ressaut distal du biceps fémoral : à propos de 2 cas et revue de la littérature

Snapping of the biceps femoris over the fibular head is an uncommon condition. Reported causes include an anomalous insertionof the tendon, trauma at the insertion site of the tendon, and an abnormality of the fibular head. This article reports two cases of a painful snapping biceps femoris tendon. Medical management resulted in a complete resolution of symtoms.     

Traitement des luxations récentes du coude : à propos de 30 cas

Elbow dislocations are encountered in contact sports and other extreme sports. This retrospective study included 30 cases of elbow dislocations, treated between 2007 and 2012. The average age of our patients was 36 years, all male and victims of violent trauma in local equestrian competitions. The dislocation was posterolateral in 23 cases and direct posterior in the other seven. This involvement was associated to a fracture of the radial head in six cases and a medial epicondyle tear in a patient. All subjects had a reduction under sedation or general anesthesia. Fractures of the radial head were treated by screwing in four cases and resection in two cases. We also made screwing for the epicondyle fracture. The treatment was completed by analgesic immobilization for about 10 days followed by active mobilization in 22 patients, in whom the elbow was considered perfectly stable. In eight patients, mobilization in the area of stability, protected by an articulated orthosis, was established for a minimum of 45 days. After a mean follow-up of 22 months, a range of motion for flexion-extension greater than 100° was achieved in 80% of patients and only two cases have kept a severe stiffness. The overall results, as assessed using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, were good to very good in 25 patients, fair in three patients and poor in only two cases. The sport recovery was gradual and the return to competition was not allowed before the sixth month.     

Traitement des fractures déplacées du col radial chez l’enfant par la technique de Métaizeau

The treatment of radial neck fractures in children is difficult when the displacement exceeds 30°. We report our experience with closed reduction of this fracture, which was described by Metaizeau.     

Coalitions du tarse ou « fausses entorses » de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. À propos d’un cas

Tarsal coalitions, also called synostoses, are a cause of pain and gait disturbance in children and adolescents. They are often diagnosed as tarsal sprains, leading to an inappropriate functional prognosis. This is the case of an 8-year-old child with talo-calcaneum synostosis, presenting pain, hind-foot stiffness and marked disability in daily life activities and sports.     

La rupture du tendon calcanéen : à propos de 53 cas

The Achilles tendon is the most resistant of the tendons of the human body; its rupture is increasingly frequent in the world and our country because of the considerable development of the sporting activities. This retrospective study relates to 53 observations listed in the service of traumatology and orthopedics of the Hospital Avicenne of Rabat over a period of 5 years between 2005 and 2009. Each patient underwent monitoring protocolisé. Criteria for Comis were used for clinical evaluation. All patients received open surgery. The middle age was of 37 years. The clinical examination was sufficient to pose the diagnosis. All the patients profited from an open surgery. Three patients presented pain after surgery. Infection local skin was noted in two patients. One patient presented a rerupture and 88.6% of the patients have very good performances. The rupture of the Achilles tendon is much more frequent in men; this is explained by the frequency of sports activity in men. Three patients had a history of tendinitis. Clinical examination was easy enough for diagnosis. Open surgical treatment remains the method most widely and most used. In the classic controversy between the effectiveness of surgical and orthopedic treatment in the rupture of the Achilles tendon, the emergence and development of percutaneous techniques still currently did not make it possible to conclude to the superiority of treatment over another.     

Embrochage percutané des fractures du col du cinquième métacarpien chez l’enfant et l’adolescent

Fracture of the neck of the fifth metacarpal (boxer's fracture) represents 20–50% of all fractures of hand and is frequently observed in young male adult, involve the dominant hand and result usually from a direct blow. This fracture is less common in pediatric population bur can occur in adolescent. We present a retrospective study of nine fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal, treated by percutaneous pinning. All the patients were boy. The mean age was 13.4 years (range: 11 to 15 years). Surgery was performed in cases of unstable fractures with a mean palmar tilt of 49° (range: 38 to 55°). Percutaneous pinning consisted of intramedullary K-wire fixation in four patients, intrafocal pining in three patients and elastic stable centromedullary nailing in two patients. After a mean follow up of 34 months, clinical and radiological results according to the criteria of Frère are good or excellent.     

Les complications neurologiques des fractures du bassin. À propos d'une série de 44 cas

In a retrospective study conducted on 44 patients admitted to a rehabilitation centre over a 4-year period with the diagnosis of pelvic fracture, signs of nerve injury as a result of fracture were recorded in 16% of patients. Double vertical fractures or sacral lesions were the most common type. Eighty-five per cent of the patients presented a motor or sensitive peripheral deficit in the lower limbs, simultaneously involving several nerve roots, especially L5-S1. The authors emphasise, in the face of the delayed diagnosis (43% in their study), the interest of a systematic, early neuroperineal examination which must be repeated. If there exists a clinical disturbance, a CT scan of the pelvis, functional explorations (EMG-urodynamic examination) and a myelo CT scan should be associated.     

Paralysie complète du quadriceps secondaire à un hématome post-traumatique du muscle iliopsoas de diagnostic tardif : à propos d’un cas

Paralysis of the femoral nerve secondary to compression from a hematoma of the iliopsoas muscle in the lesser pelvis is a well-known complication of anticoagulants and certain surgical procedures, but is a rare post-traumatic event. A 16-year-old teenage boy presented with a painful, swollen knee with an active extension deficit of the leg following a fall. Seven weeks before he had also received a blunt trauma to the greater trochanter of the homolateral hip. The diagnosis of a patellar tendon tear was first suggested, but this was eliminated on MRI. A close clinical evaluation showed complete paralysis of the quadriceps with a sensory deficit of the anterior side of the thigh. MRI of the lesser pelvis showed a massive iliopsoas hematoma compressing the femoral nerve. Surgical evacuation was performed 9 weeks after the original trauma. At 6 months of follow-up, recovery of the muscle was complete and the electromyogram was normal.     

La luxation antérieure du coude associée à une fracture de l’olécrâne : une forme rare de luxation du coude chez l’enfant

Elbow dislocation is exceptional in children due to the minimal resistance of the joint capsule and ligaments compared with the bony structure. Posterior dislocations do occur, but anterior dislocation is even more exceptional. The diagnosis is often missed. We report a case of anterior elbow dislocation in a child.     

Avulsion de la tubérosité ischiatique chez l’adolescent : à propos de deux cas cliniques

Ischial avulsion, often diagnosed as a musculotendinous injury, is a traumatic pathology related to physical activity. Treatment of ischial avulsion fractures is not consensual. The authors present two case reports of adolescent football players with an ischial tuberosity avulsion submitted to a conservative rehabilitation programme, with different outcomes. One of the patients returned to competition but the other gave up football due to pain. In these case reports diagnosis, treatment and follow-up results are discussed.     

Épidémiologie des ruptures du ligament croisé antérieur du genou chez la joueuse de football de haut niveau : à propos de 66 cas

Our study focussed on the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in high level female soccer players in first and second national divisions. To this effect, we used a questionnaire to analyse 66 cases of anterior cruciate ligament injury according to the following criteria: age at the time of injury, the side injured, laterality, circumstances of the accident, the type of treatment (surgical or functional), the type of surgery, recovery time, the level of recovery, initial care in a rehabilitation centre. Rupture is generally due to a non-contact injury (65%), which is comparable with a male population of the same level. The risk of repeated rupture, in a player continuing her career, is significant (> 10%). The type of surgery does not affect return to sport. However, for high-level female soccer players, rehabilitation in a specialised centre improves the chances of returning at the same level (p < 0.025).     

La prise en charge rééducative globale de patients présentant un syndrome fémoro-patellaire : la lutte contre l’effondrement du membre inférieur par le renforcement du moyen fessier

The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PPS) is characterized by anterior knee pain and poor patellar kinetics. In this review, we focus on primary PPS. Several local factors are known to provoke knee pain (subchondral bony disorders, retraction of the lateral retinaculum, inflammation of the infrapatellar adipose pad). Furthermore, proximal factors involving the hip and pelvis as well as distal factors involving the ankle and foot explain the impact on lower limb mechanics, for instance on single-stance squat. In the 1980s, the gold standard management strategy for PPS was to strengthen the vastus medialis in order to counter lateral subluxation of the patella during knee flexion. More recently, with improved techniques for neuromuscular biomechanical investigations, several publications propose reinforcing the hip abductor muscles for PPS. This offers a more global approach by correcting the posture of the entire lower limb to provide relief from this difficult-to-treat complex syndrome. Strengthening the hip abductors (gluteus medius) appears to be the best way to eliminate the single-stance lower limb postural failure leading to several musculoskeletal disorders. This new approach to rehabilitation is a validated evidence-based therapeutic strategy.     

Ostéotomies tibiales de valgisation associées à la ligamentoplastie du ligament croisé antérieur. À propos de 15 cas

The management of patients aged 30 to 50 years and with an anterior knee laxity in ACL tear associated with medial osteoarthritis femorotibial, is very difficult. Recent publications have shown that the combination of an valgus osteotomy and ligamentoplasty of the ACL is possible to halt the progression of osteoarthritis while correcting the laxity of the knee. We report our experience of 15 patients who received a valgus osteotomy associated with the ACL ligamentoplasty.     

Le kyste méniscal médial intra-articulaire : à propos de cinq cas

The intraarticular medial meniscal cyst is a rare pathology, very little described in the medical literature. This pathology is often discovered fortuitously by the development of the imagery in particular by magnetic resonance. Its physiopathology is not still perfectly known. The authors report five observations of intra articular medial meniscal cyst treated by arthroscopy allowing the meniscal resection with evacuation of the contents of the cyst. The evolution was considered good in all the cases with a complete functional recovery.     

Ostéomyélite du pubis chez un athlète : à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature

Osteomyelitis of the pubis has rarely been described. We report a case of pubic osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus aureus at sub periosteal abscess occurred in a custodial football aged 17. It was presented in a table feverish pain in the groin with a left and a functional sensitivity of the symphysis pubis. The diagnosis was based on blood cultures, biology, ultrasound and MRI performed in emergency. The surgical treatment was strongly associated with antibiotic therapy adapted to the germ. The pathogenesis of this entity is probably the location of bacteraemia secondary to a bone redesigned by micro trauma. The treatment is based on prolonged antibiotic therapy. Surgical drainage is required for infections to rebel or medical treatment in case of abscess.     

La fracture simultanée de Bennett et du trapèze chez un pilote de karting (à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature)

Simultaneous trapezium and Bennett's fractures is rare. The authors report an observation of a professional kart pilot analyzed in the light of the literature. This lesion is likely to compromise the function of thumb if the treatment is not adapted. Osteosynthesis by screw is the only guarantor of an anatomical and stable reduction of metacarpal-trapezium joint. The results of the cases published are encouraging but are not conclusive compared to the occurrence of the arthritis in the long-term follow-up.     

La fracture de Tillaux chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. À propos d’une série de 11 cas

Background

Tillaux fracture in child correspond to Salter and Harris type III fracture involving the anterolateral portion of the distal tibial epiphysis. These are intra-articular fracture. The aim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic modalities and long-term clinical and radiological outcome.

Patients and methods

We reviewed retrospectively 11 Tillaux fractures. All underwent surgical treatment.

Results

The average age was 13.5 years. Patients were treated by open reduction and screw fixation. At mean follow-up of 28 months, results were rated well in nine of 11 cases.

Conclusion

The prognosis of Tillaux fracture in child is good as was observed in our studies and in series reported in the literature.