二咖啡酰奎宁酸抗肝纤维化及脂质过氧化作用的实验研究

目的 :观察二咖啡酰奎宁酸抗复合因素致大鼠肝纤维化及脂质过氧化作用。方法 :采用复合因素复制大鼠肝纤维化模型 ,以血清层连蛋白 (LN)、透明质酸 (HA)、丙二醛 (MDA)、一氧化氮 (NO)含量、肝组织光镜、电镜下形态学改变为观察内容 ,探讨二咖啡酰奎宁酸的治疗作用。结果 :二咖啡酰奎宁酸能够显著降低血清LN ,HA ,MDA ,NO含量 ,明显改善肝组织炎症及纤维化状态。结论 :二咖啡酰奎宁酸具有一定的抗肝纤维化及脂质过氧化作用     

1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸与其四乙酰化物相对生物利用度的研究

目的 比较1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸与其四乙酰化物在大鼠体内的生物利用度,为目标化合物的筛选和结构优化提供参考依据.方法 Wistar大鼠随机分两组,分别灌胃给予等摩尔数的1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(100 mg/kg)和四乙酰化物( 133 mg/kg).血浆样品经乙酸乙酯萃取后,以乙腈一水（5 mmol/L乙酸铵,pH 5...     

过氧化氢对体外关节软骨细胞损伤效应及丹参干预作用实验研究

目的：观察过氧化氢（H2O2）对体外培养关节软骨细胞的损伤效应及丹参（salvia miltiorrhiza，SM）的干预作用。方法：采用兔原代膝关节软骨细胞培养技术，将培养的软骨细胞随机分为正常组、损伤对照组（损伤组）和丹参组。损伤组用0．1mmol／L过氧化氢（终浓度）制造体外软骨细胞损伤模型，丹参组将不同浓度的丹参（终浓度0．01g／L、0．05g／L、0．25g／L）于过氧化氧损伤前30min加入，分别测定各组细胞活力（MTT法）及细胞凋亡的变化，测定培养液上清中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量（硫代巴比妥酸法）变化。结果：0．1mmo／L过氧化氢对体外关节软骨细胞有损伤作用，诱导细胞凋亡作用明显：丹参组细胞活性较损伤组显著升高，软骨细胞凋亡率明显下降，培养液上清LDH、MDA水平显著降低，丹参的保护作用呈浓度依赖性。结论：过氧化氢能诱导体外关节软骨细胞凋亡，丹参对过氧化氢造成的软骨细胞损伤具保护作用。     

不同时间窗高压氧联合鸢尾素对缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡及BDNF/TrkB信号通路的影响

目的分析不同时间窗高压氧(HBO)联合鸢尾素治疗对缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)新生大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)/酪氨酸蛋白激酶B(TrkB)信号通路的影响。方法选取7日龄新生SD大鼠36只, 采用随机数字表法分为H0、H1、H2、H3、H4、H5组, 每组各6只, 除H0组外均建立HIBD模型, 其中H2、H3、H4、H5组分别在HIBD后6、24、48、72 h予以HBO联合鸢尾素治疗。分别采用苏木精-伊红染色(HE)、脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)观察海马组织形态和神经元细胞凋亡率, 采用逆转录聚合酶链反应及Western blotting法分别测定BDNF和TrkB的基因及蛋白表达水平。结果与H0组比较, 其余各组海马神经元细胞受损较严重, 大量神经元细胞发生凋亡, 其中H1组损伤最明显;H2组神经元细胞凋亡率高于H0组, 但低于H1、H3、H4、H5组;H4、H5组神经元细胞凋亡率高于H0、H2、H3组, 低于H1组, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。H2组BDNF和TrkB的基因及蛋白表达水平均高于H1、H3、H...     

旋覆花水提物的TLC和HPLC特征图谱及6种化学成分的含量测定

目的 建立旋覆花水提物的薄层色谱(TLC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)的特征图谱,同时建立水提物中6种成分(绿原酸、咖啡酸、异槲皮苷、1,5‐二咖啡酰奎宁酸、4,5‐二咖啡酰奎宁酸和旋覆花内酯)的含量测定方法,评价11批旋覆花药材水提物的相似性。方法 (1)采用HF₂₅₄型薄层层析硅胶板、正丁醇‐丙酮‐吡啶‐水‐冰醋酸(1∶5∶3∶1∶10μL)为展开剂,在365 nm波长下检视喷洒10%硫酸‐乙醇前、后的色谱斑点,建立TLC特征图谱。(2)采用Sino‐Chrom ODS‐BP(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.05%磷酸溶液‐乙腈的梯度洗脱程序,流速0.8 mL/min,柱温35℃,检测波长205 nm,建立HPLC特征图谱。(3)6种成分的含量测定条件与(2)相同,但检测波长分别为203 nm(旋覆花内酯)、256 nm(异槲皮苷)和327 nm(咖啡酸、绿原酸、1,5‐二咖啡酰奎宁酸、4,5‐二咖啡酰奎宁酸)。结果 (1)喷洒显色剂前、后的TLC图谱均显示出良好的特征性。(2)HPLC特征图谱显示含有28个共有峰,指认出10个峰(绿原酸...     

改变铁负荷对免疫性肝损伤大鼠肝细胞脂质过氧化与凋亡的影响

目的　研究改变铁负荷后 ,免疫性肝损伤大鼠肝细胞脂质过氧化与细胞凋亡的变化 ,探讨免疫性肝损伤的作用机制。方法　将 32只Wistar大鼠随机分成 4组 ,采用放血法复制低铁模型 ,采用卡介苗加脂多糖诱导法复制免疫性肝损伤模型。观察各处理组血清总蛋白 (TP)含量及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST)活性的变化 ,观察肝组织中丙二醛 (MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性及细胞凋亡相关指标的变化。结果　通过相应损伤对照组比较 ,低铁肝损伤组AST活性增高幅度和TP含量的降低幅度均小于肝损伤组 ,各损伤组MDA含量均增高 ,SOD活性均降低。与正常对照组比较 ,低铁对照组MDA显著降低、Bcl 2和Bax表达量、Bax Bcl 2比值及凋亡指数 (AI)值均增高 ,肝损伤组Bcl 2表达量基本不变。低铁肝损伤组Bcl 2表达量显著高于肝损伤组。与相应损伤对照组比较 ,各损伤组Bax表达量显著升高 ,肝损伤组Bax Bcl 2比值和AI值明显增高 ,低铁损伤组Bax Bcl 2比值和AI值均下降 ,低铁损伤组增殖指数 (PI)值增高幅度大于单纯肝损伤组。结论　降低铁负荷 ,减轻了肝损伤的程度 ,其作用机制可能是通过改变肝细胞脂质过氧化 ,影响Bcl 2和Bax基因表达的平衡和细胞凋亡和细胞增殖之间的平衡所致     

二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡的铜离子依赖性机制

目的：测定二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷（PDTC）处理对人肝癌细胞Hep3B凋亡的诱导作用及Cu^2 对这种作用的影响。方法：运用细胞增殖力、膜损伤、DNA片断化、细胞周期DNA含量测定分析PDTC对人肝癌细胞株Hep3B细胞的增殖抑制及凋亡诱导作用及Cu^2 在其中发挥的作用。结果：PDTC处理后，细胞增殖能力显著下降。乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）分析显示细胞膜并没有被破坏，DNA凝胶电泳及细胞周期DNA含量测定发现明显的凋亡特征性DNA片断及亚G1峰，显示细胞增殖能力的降低源于细胞凋亡的发生。低浓度Cu^2 显著加强了PDTC的细胞增殖抑制及凋亡诱导作用，而Cu^2 络合剂Bathocuproine disulfonate(BCS)显著抑制PDTC的两种作用。结论：PDTC铜离子依赖性地抑制人肝癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。     

重组人肝活素(HPS)的制备及其对四氯化碳诱导肝细胞损伤的保护作用研究

目的 肝活素(hepassocin,HPS)是一种具有促肝细胞生长,保护肝细胞免于损伤的肝特异性生长因子,研究其保护机制将为肝病的防治机制提供重要的实验依据.方法 通过真核表达系统获得重组人HPS,通过EdU掺入实验检测其活性.用四氯化碳(CCl4)建立肝细胞损伤模型,在此基础上用不同浓度HPS进行处理或干涉内源HPS,检测细胞上清中转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽转移酶的变化.结果 制备的HPS纯度达到95％以上,具有良好的促细胞增殖活性.10％CCl4处理可致肝细胞损伤,HPS处理可显著降低转氨酶及LDH水平,增加SOD及谷胱甘肽转移酶的水平;干涉HPS则显著增加转氨酶及LDH水平,降低SOD及谷胱甘肽转移酶的水平.结论HPS可通过增强肝细胞的抗氧化能力减轻肝细胞损伤.     

99Tc-MDP与帕米膦酸二钠对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖及凋亡作用的对比研究

目的观察^99Tc-亚甲基二膦酸盐（MDP）与帕米膦酸二钠对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞生长和凋亡的影响及其作用差异.方法不同剂量^99Tc-MDP与帕米膦酸二钠注射液处理细胞,采用细胞计数及四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测MDA-MB-231细胞增殖;流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡、检测细胞周期及凋亡相关基因bcl-2与bax的表达.结果50 μmol/L ^99Tc-MDP与帕米膦酸二钠处理MDA-MB-231细胞48 h即可抑制其增殖,细胞存活率分别为45.9%和64.0%,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;50μmol/L^99Tc-MDP与帕米膦酸二钠均可诱导细胞凋亡,用药后大量MDA-MB-231细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期和S期,细胞凋亡率分别为9.59%和5.96%,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;50 μmol/L^99Tc-MDP即可使MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡相关基因bcl-2表达明显减弱,200 μmol/L帕米膦酸二钠可使bcl-2表达明显减弱,二者对bax表达无影响.结论^99Tc-MDP及帕米膦酸二钠均可抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖及诱导MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡,并调控bcl-2的表达;^99Tc-MDP作用强于帕米膦酸二钠.     

U50,488H抑制缺氧/复氧心肌细胞线粒体分裂作用及机制

目的探讨外源性κ-阿片受体(κ-OR)激动剂U50,488H对缺氧/复氧(H/R) H9C2心肌细胞线粒体分裂的作用及机制。方法将H9C2心肌细胞随机分为常氧对照组(Control组)、H/R组、H/R+U50,488H组(H/R+U组)、H/R+κ-OR阻断剂(nor-BNI)+U50,488H组(H/R+N+U组)、H/R+磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂wortmannin+U50,488H组(H/R+W+U组)、H/R+蛋白激酶B(Akt)抑制剂MK2206+U50,488H组(H/R+M+U组)。采用CCK8试剂盒检测细胞活力;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞线粒体形态;免疫印迹法检测细胞内PI3K、Akt、线粒体动力学分裂相关蛋白1(Drp1)的表达。结果与Control组比较,H/R组细胞活力降低,细胞凋亡率显著增加,线粒体分裂增加,磷酸化PI3K与Akt表达略增加,磷酸化Drp1 Ser637表达显著降低(P <0. 05);与H/R组比较,H/R+U组细胞活力增加,细胞凋亡率下降,线粒体分裂减少,磷酸化PI3K、Akt Ser473与Drp1 Ser637表达均显著增加(P <0. 05)。结论 H/R可引起心肌细胞凋亡及线粒体异常分裂,使用U50,488H激活κ-OR后,可通过PI3K-Akt通路促使Drp1 Ser637磷酸化,抑制H/R心肌细胞线粒体异常分裂,减少细胞凋亡。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.