维拉帕米和卡托普利对L－甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心肌肥厚及左心室质膜Na~＋，K~＋

ｐｏＬ－甲状腺素４ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）×７ｄ诱发大鼠心肌肥厚及左心室质膜Ｎａ￣＋，Ｋ￣＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力升高（２．３３±０２７ｖｓ１．２０±０．１４ｍｍｏｌ·ｈ￣（－１）·ｇ￣（－１）蛋白），观察维拉帕米和卡托普利对此作用的影响，经维拉帕米５和１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）以及卡托普利５ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）治疗３ｄ后，显著降低大鼠心肌肥厚程度，但不能恢复至正常状态；仅维拉帕米１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）组鼠左心室肥厚程度显著降低。两药物均能显著降低肥厚左心室质膜Ｎａ￣＋，Ｋ￣＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力，高剂量维拉帕米可使该酶活力恢复至正常水平，提示：维拉帕米和卡托普利可能通过下调Ｎａ￣＋，Ｋ￣＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力防止心肌ＡＴＰ耗竭和缺血损伤     

苄普地尔消退L－甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心肌肥厚及其质膜Ca~（2＋），Mg~（2＋

研究了苄普地尔对Ｌ－甲状腺素（１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×７ｄ）诱发的大鼠心肌肥厚和心肌质膜Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力增高的影响，经苄普地尔１０或２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｐｏ治疗３ｄ后，心肌肥厚及其升高的Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＿－ＡＴＰ酶活力和Ｖｍａｘ均降至正常，但甲状腺素引起的该酶对ＡＴＰ的亲和力降低未被苄普地尔改变。苄普地尔组左心室蛋白质含量较未治疗组亦显著减少，但未恢复至正常。结论：苄普地尔消退Ｌ－甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心肌肥厚，心肌Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力增高和蛋白质生物合成的增加。     

亚降压剂量雷米普利预防高血压心肌肥厚的机制

目的　探讨亚降压剂量雷米普利的抗氧化作用对其抗高血压心肌肥厚作用的影响。方法　采用腹主动脉缩窄法制备大鼠高血压心肌肥厚模型。观察一氧化氮合酶抑制剂Ｎ Ｌ 精氨酸（６ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）和ＶｉｔＥ（２００Ｕ·ｄ－１）对雷米普利（１００μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）抗心肌肥厚的影响,以及心肌超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、一氧化氮代谢物（ＮＯ２－）等指标的变化。结果　给予雷米普利后８ｗｋ,与对照组比较心肌肥厚减轻而血压无明显降低,ＮＯ２－含量和ＳＯＤ活性明显提高,脂质过氧化物减少。ＶｉｔＥ能增强上述大部分作用,而Ｎ Ｌ 精氨酸能逆转此增强作用。结论　亚降压剂量雷米普利有抗心肌肥厚的作用,ＶｉｔＥ对此有增强作用,其机制与增强心肌抗氧化能力有关。     

不同剂量卡托普利对自发性高血压大鼠左心室肥厚逆转作用比较

观察了小剂量卡托普利（Ｃａｐ）是否能在血压无明显下降情况下逆转自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）的左心室肥厚。已有左心室肥厚的ＳＨＲ经Ｃａｐ２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）治疗２４ｗｋ后血压仍维持在给药前水平，左心室重和体重的比值轻度下降，Ｃａｐ５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）治疗２４ｗｋ后血压，左心室重和体重的比值均低于给药前水平，但仍未达正常水平。两种剂量的Ｃａｐ对心肌内去甲肾上腺素和羟脯氨酸含量及血小板内游离钙离子的影响基本相同。长期小剂量Ｃａｐ治疗即使在血压没有明显下降情况下仍能防止左心室肥厚发展，甚至还有轻度逆转ＳＨＲ的左心室肥厚和减少心脏胶原的作用。大剂量Ｃａｐ除减少心脏胶原外，还有明显的逆转左心室肥厚的作用，Ｃａｐ的降压和逆转左心室肥厚作用有相关性。     

粉防己碱对肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠心肌ATP酶活性的影响

目的　观察粉防己碱对肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠心肌 Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶活性的影响。方法　采用二肾一夹肾型高血压形成大鼠左室肥厚,用光电比色、无机磷显色法测定心肌细胞膜 Ｎａ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶及线粒体 Ｎａ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶、 Ｃａ２ ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ酶活性。结果　左室肥厚组大鼠心肌细胞 Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶活性明显降低,粉防己碱５０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １·ｄ － １ｉｇ 连续给药８ ｗｋ 可逆转左室肥厚,显著增加心肌细胞膜 Ｎａ ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶及线粒体 Ｃａ２ ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ酶活性。结论　粉防己碱因其钙拮抗作用,在降低血压、逆转左室肥厚的同时,可使细胞膜钠泵活性、线粒体钙泵活性恢复     

Losartan和卡托普利逆转肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚及心肌肌球…

Ｌｏｓａｒｔａｎ（５ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１·ｄ＾－１ ｐｏ）和卡托普利（５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１·ｄ＾－１ ｐｏ）治疗肾性高血压大鼠８周均能在降压的同时降低左室重量３４．８％～４１．０％，减少左室总蛋白量２８．３％～３９．４％，使迁移的心肌凝蛋白ＡＴＰ酶同功酶谱回复正常。表明两药能有效逆转肾性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚及心肌凝蛋白同功酶谱，通过改变心肌凝蛋白ＡＴＰ酶活性水平改善心肌收缩功能。     

间硝苯地平与硝苯地平对肾血管性高血压大鼠血流动力学影响

间硝苯地平（ｍ－Ｎｉｆ）和硝苯地平（Ｎｉｆ）２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１·ｄ＾－１，ｉｇ，９ｗｋ，对大鼠银夹左肾动脉所致肾血管高血压模型能明显降低高血压，预防和逆转肾血管高血压所引起的心肌肥厚，在离体工作心脏，心肌的收缩和舒张功能及血流动力学参数均得到明显改善，心脏湿重减轻。表明ｍ－Ｎｉｆ和Ｎｉｆ具有防治高血压心肌肥厚，改善心脏血流动力学的作用。     

普萘洛尔和苄普地尔消除左甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心脏肥厚和线粒…

目的：研究普萘洛尔和苄普地尔对左甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心脏肥厚及其线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力升高的影响。 方法：ｉｐ左甲状腺素１ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１·ｄ＾－１×１０ｄ，诱发大鼠心脏肥厚，然后ｉｇ普萘洛尔或苄普地尔１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１·ｄ＾－１×３ｄ治疗Ｃａ＾２＋Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力及其酶动力学参数测定。 结果：肥厚左室线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力和Ｖｍａｘ分别为２５±４和３５     

钩藤碱、钩藤总碱合用双肼苯哒嗪对清醒动物降压效应的研究

钩藤碱６０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１合用双肼苯哒嗪３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１十二指肠给药，１ｈ时降低清醒大鼠血压２３％，降低高血压模型大鼠血压２８％，降压幅度超过一药单用及等剂量钩藤总碱与双肼苯哒嗪合用的幅度，合并用药可克服单用后药的加快心率作用。双肼苯哒嗪０．８ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ｉｖ加快心率，增加分钟心肌张力—时间指数，合用钩藤碱１５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１增强了前药的降压效果，而心率、分钟心肌张力—时间指数未见明显变化。     

DDPH 对实验性心肌肥厚大鼠左心室 N-ras mRNA 及蛋白质表达的影响

目的：研究１－（２，６－二甲基苯氧基）－２－（３，４－二甲氧基苯乙氨基）－丙烷盐酸盐（ＤＤＰＨ）对心肌肥厚大鼠左室Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ及蛋白质表达的影响。方法：用部分狭窄腹主动脉方法造成大鼠心肌肥厚模型，从术后第４周开始，ｉｇ不同剂量的ＤＤＰＨ（２５和５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１），持续８ｗｋ。用ＲＮＡ狭缝杂交及免疫组化的方法检测Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲ－ＮＡ及蛋白质表达的变化。结果：术后１２ｗｋ，发现肥厚组心肌组织Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ表达是对照组的３．１倍，蛋白质表达是对照组的２．９倍，而二个给药组ｍＲＮＡ及蛋白质的表达明显低于肥厚组，但仍高于对照组。结论：ＤＤＰＨ对大鼠腹主动脉部分狭窄所致心肌肥厚时Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ及蛋白质表达的增加有一定的逆转作用。     

腺苷对细胞免疫功能的影响

腺苷１３，１３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１抑制小鼠的迟发型超敏反应，１０，１００，１０００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１抑制小鼠外周全血的淋巴细胞增殖反应，脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和小鼠脾细胞产生白细胞介素２。在人外周血淋巴细胞转化反应中１０００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１才可见明显的抑制作用；氨茶碱２２μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１逆转１０００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的作用，潘生丁１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１部分逆转１０００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的作用，提示腺苷可能通过腺苷受体而起作用。     

Pharmacokinetics of barnidipine hydrochloride,a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker,in the rat,dog and human

1. The pharmacokinetics of a new calcium antagonist barnidipine hydrochloride, a stereochemically pure enantiomer, was studied after intravenous and oral dosing to the rat and dog, and oral to man.

2. After intravenous dosing, plasma concentrations of barnidipine hydrochloride declined bi-exponentially with the terminal half-lives of 0·6?h in the rat and 4·1?h in the dog. The blood clearance was 5·21/h/kg in the rat and 3·31/h/kg in the dog, and was comparable with hepatic blood flow in both species.

3. After oral dosing, plasma concentrations of barnidipine hydrochloride peaked rapidly (0·3-0·4?h in the rat and dog, 1·0–1·6?h in man). C_max and AUC rose non-linearly with increasing doses in all three species.

4. The absolute bioavailability was low (11–18% in the rat and 6–9% in the dog), suggesting a marked first-pass metabolism.     

人参总皂苷对白血病细胞K562凋亡及生存素表达的影响

目的探讨人参总皂苷（TSPG）对人白血病细胞株K562生长和凋亡的影响及其可能机制。方法采用噻唑兰比色法（Mar）观察TSPG对K562细胞生长的影响;流式细胞仪观察TSPG对细胞凋亡的影响;用RT-PCR检测TSPG诱导K562细胞凋亡中生存素（Survivin）基因的表达情况。结果TSPG对K562细胞生长有抑制作用,呈剂量依赖关系（P〈0．05）;10、100、200μg／ml组细胞凋亡率分别为16．67％、23．78％、33．98％,药物组与对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;随着TSPG浓度升高,Survivin基因的表达水平逐渐下调（P〈0．05）。结论TSPG可以抑制人白血病细胞的生长并诱导其凋亡,其机制可能与下调Survivin基因的表达有关。     

赖氨匹林对血小板聚集粘附和血栓形成的影响

赖氨匹林（ＬＡＳ）体内给药９０．４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１（相当于乙酸水杨酸５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）可明显抑制凝血酶和胶原诱导的大鼠血小板聚集，并呈剂量依赖性地抑制ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集。ＬＡＳ９０．４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１可降低大鼠血小板粘附率，呈剂量依赖性地减轻实验性血栓的重量，同时ＬＡＳ７０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１可明显延长小鼠尾动脉出血时间。上述结果提示：抑制血小板聚集和降低血小板的粘附性是ＬＡＳ抗血栓和延长小鼠尾动脉出血时间的机制之一。     

三种中药皂甙对HL—60细胞诱导分化的实验研究

目的：研究人参总皂甙、绞股蓝总皂甙和三七总皂甙诱导白血病细胞分化及其机理，为进一步开发三种皂甙的临床应用提供理论与实验依据。方法：采用细胞体外培养、流式细胞术、形态学观察、组化与免疫细胞学等方法，研究人参总皂甙（TSPG）、绞股蓝总皂甙（GP）和三七总皂甙（PNS）对HL－60细胞诱导分化的影响。结果：三种中药皂甙均能阻止HL－60细胞由G0／G1期向G2／M＋S期过渡；经三种中药皂甙诱导后，HL－60细胞形态趋向成熟分化，NBT还原反应阳性细胞数和过氧化物酶（POX）染色阳性细胞数增加，CD14、CD15表达阳性细胞数也显著提高,但对照组细胞与实验组细胞非特异性酯酶（NAE）染色均为阴性。结论：提示TSPG、GP、PNS诱导HL－60细胞向粒系分化为主。     

Protective effects of total saponins from stem and leaf of Panax ginseng against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in mouse bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocyte cells.

BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide (CP), commonly used anti-cancer, induces oxidative stress and is cytotoxic to normal cells. It is very important to choice the protective agent combined CP to reduce the side effects in cancer treatment. Ginsenosides are biological active constituents of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer that acts as the tonic agent for the cancer patients to reduce the side effects in the clinic application. Because CP is a pro-oxidant agent and induces oxidative stress by the generation of free radicals to decrease the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, the protective effects of the total saponins from stem and leaf of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer (TSPG) act as an anti-oxidant agent against the decreased anti-oxidant enzymes, the genotoxicity and apoptosis induced by CP was carried out. METHODS: The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis was employed to detect DNA damage; flow cytometry assay and AO/EB staining assay were employed to measure cell apoptosis; the enzymatic anti-oxidants (T-SOD, CAT and GPx) and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant (GSH) were measured by the various colorimetric methods. RESULTS: CP induced the significant DNA damage in mouse peripheral lymphocytes in time- and dose-dependent manners, inhibited the activities of T-SOD, GPx and CAT, and decreased the contents of GSH in mouse blood, triggered bone marrow cell apoptosis at 6 and 12h. TSPG significantly reduced CP-induced DNA damages in bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocyte cells, antagonized CP-induced reduction of T-SOD, GPx, CAT activities and the GSH contents, decreased the bone marrow cell apoptosis induced by CP. CONCLUSIONS: TSPG, significantly reduced the genotoxicity of CP in bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocyte cells, and decreased the apoptotic cell number induced by CP in bone marrow cells. The effects of TSPG on T-SOD, GPx, CAT activities and GSH contents might partially contribute to its protective effects on CP-induced cell toxicities.     

杏花雨注射液对大鼠血液流变学和血液凝固的影响

目的观察杏花雨注射液对大鼠血液流变学和血液凝固的影响,以探讨其抗缺血的机制。方法采用血淤模型测定大鼠血液流变学指标、PT、FIB、APTT及血小板聚集率和解聚时间。结果杏花雨注射液14、21mg·kg-1可使血浆粘度、全血粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、血沉方程K值明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。17.5、35和70mg·kg-1可使PT时间明显延长和FIB降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),70mg·kg-1可使APTT缩短(P<0.05)。17.5、35和70mg·kg-1血小板最大聚集率降低和血小板开始解聚的时间缩短(P<0.01),且作用呈剂量依赖性。结论杏花雨注射液对血液流变学指标和血液凝固有明显的影响,可改善血液的高凝状态,对缺血性疾病有一定的预防作用。     

白花蛇舌草总黄酮的免疫调节作用

目的　研究白花蛇舌草总黄酮(FOD)的免疫调节作用。方法　通过测定小鼠脾细胞IgM抗体形成,脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应,小鼠血清IL- 2和IFN -γ含量以及观察对小鼠白细胞数量的影响,研究白花蛇舌草总黄酮的免疫调节作用。结果　白花蛇舌草总黄酮(15、30、60mg·kg-1 )促进免疫功能低下小鼠由ConA或LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应,并提高小鼠血清IL 2和IFN -γ的含量;白花蛇舌草总黄酮(60mg·kg-1 )促进免疫功能低下小鼠脾脏IgM抗体形成,并升高抗肿瘤药物(环磷酰胺或阿糖胞苷)所致的小鼠白细胞减少。结论　白花蛇舌草总黄酮具有增强机体特异性免疫功能和非特异性免疫功能的作用。     

人参总皂苷对K562细胞STAT5表达的影响

目的探讨人参总皂苷（TSPG）对人红白血病细胞株（K562细胞）信号转导与转录因子5（STAT5）表达的影响。方法紫外-可见分光光度法测定血红蛋白含量及Wright′s染色法检测TSPG诱导K562细胞向红系细胞分化的变化;免疫细胞化学观察TSPG作用前后K562细胞STAT5表达的变化;以ELISA和Western blotting法检测TSPG处理前后K562细胞的细胞质和细胞核中STAT5含量的变化。结果TSPG（200mg/L）诱导K562细胞6h、12h、24h后,随着TSPG作用K562细胞时间的延长,细胞中血红蛋白的含量逐渐增加;而加入AG490（40μmol/L）部分抑制了K562细胞中血红蛋白含量的增加。免疫细胞化学染色可见对照组K562细胞的细胞质和细胞核着色浅淡;经TSPG 200mg/L作用12h后,K562细胞的细胞质和细胞核着色明显加深,表达增强,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;TSPG（200mg/L）诱导K562细胞6h、12h、24h后,随着TSPG作用K562细胞时间的延长,细胞质和细胞核中STAT5的表达逐渐增强。结论TSPG能增强K562细胞STAT5的表达,这可能是TSPG诱导K562细胞向红系细胞分化的作用机制之一。     

The metabolism of N-hydroxyphenacetin in vitro and in vivo

1. N-Hydroxyphenacetin (100 mg/kg) injected i.p. into rats rapidly appeared in the blood and disappeared with a t_1/2 of 14 min; phenacetin and 4-acetamidophenol were major metabolites in blood. Ferrihaemoglobin was formed, but 4-nitrosophenetole was not detected in blood.

2. N-Hydroxyphenacetin injected i.p. into rats was excreted in the urine unchanged (partly conjugated 2·1% of the dose, 2% was excreted as phenacetin, 19% as 4-acetamidophenol) and 1·8% as 2-hydroxyphenacetin. In addition, small amounts of 3-hydroxyphenacetin (0·4%) and traces of N-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]acetamide (β-HAP) (0·05%) were found.

3. Time-course kinetics have shown that N-hydroxyphenacetin is metabolized in vitro to phenacetin, 2- and 3-hydroxyphenacetin, and 4-acetamidophenol by microsomal and cytosolic preparations of rat and rabbit liver. However, after the initial reaction, the formation of phenacetin and 2- and 3-hydroxyphenacetin did not continue with time, indicating that these products were not formed enzymically.

4. N-Hydroxyphenacetin incubated with rat erythrocytes formed ferrihaemoglobin; the relationship between ferrihaemoglobin, phenacetin and 4-nitrosophenetole concn indicated that N-hydroxyphenacetin was oxidized by oxyhaemoglobin to acetyl 4-ethoxyphenyl nitroxide, which yielded phenacetin and 4-nitrosophenetole spontaneously.