局部晚期和复发直肠癌放射治疗效果分析

目的探讨局部晚期和复发直肠癌放疗效果。方法回顾性分析局部晚期和复发直肠癌56例，放疗采用8～18MVX射线和^60Coγ射线照射，剂量范围40--65Gy，中位数剂量50Gy。结果放疗结束时，病人会阴区疼痛症状完全缓解及部分缓解达97．5％，生存期6-69个月，中位数生存期34个月。结论对局部晚期和复发直肠癌的放射治疗，能减轻痛苦，提高生存质量，是一种有效的姑息治疗手段，而且安全，亦未发生明显并发症。     

联合治疗对非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的肺癌探讨三维适形放疗联合PD化疗治疗对老年非小细胞肺癌疗效。方法选取84例本院呼吸科老年非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,第一组对照组采取PD化疗方案,第二组实验组采取PD化疗方案并结合三维适形放疗方法,总剂量60Gy/30次,5周完成。结果两组有效率分别为57.1%和76.2%,缓解率分别为7.14%(3/42)和26.2%(11/42),(P0.05)。两组患者五年内平均生存期分别为14.3个月和20.5个月(P0.05)。两组后期均出现放射病反应,主要为骨髓抑制和放射性肺炎。结论三维适形放射治疗同期PD化疗方案治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌,与序贯放化疗相比,可提高局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效,生存期也有提高的趋势,但是放射病反应有所增加。     

放疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗晚期复发直肠癌的疗效

目的评价放疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗中老年局部晚期复发直肠癌的近期疗效及毒副反应。方法收集2009年10月至2012年12月吉林大学第一医院放疗科治疗的局部晚期复发直肠癌患者48例,将其分为两组:观察组23例患者接受放疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗,对照组25例患者接受放疗联合卡培他滨化疗,比较两组患者的有效率和毒副反应发生率来评价放疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗中老年局部晚期复发直肠癌的临床疗效及耐受性。结果观察组的缓解率率和有效率分别为47.8%、65.2%,略低于对照组的52.0%、68.0%(P>0.05);观察组血液学及胃肠道毒副反应发生率分别为39.1%、34.8%,低于对照组的56.0%、44.0%(P>0.05)。结论放疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗晚期复发直肠癌的近期疗效与联合卡培他滨相似,但血液学和胃肠道毒副反应较低,中老年患者耐受性较好。     

三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇、奈达铂同步化疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的观察三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇、奈达铂同步化疗治疗局部晚期食管的近期疗效及不良反应。方法 2013年1月~2015年5月我院放疗科收治的41例局部晚期食管癌患者随机分为单纯三维适形放疗组(单纯放疗组)和三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇、奈达铂化疗组(同步放化疗组)。放疗第一天开始行TN方案(紫杉醇60 mg/m2D1、D8,奈达铂40 mg/m2D1、D8,21天为一周期,放化疗期间化疗1~2周期,放疗结束后继续2个周期化疗)。结果放疗结束后3个月,同期放化疗组与单纯放疗组的临床有效率分别为90.0%和61.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组1年生存率分别为85%和47.6%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。同期放化疗组骨髓抑制较单纯放疗组明显,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对局部晚期食管癌的患者进行三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇、奈达铂同步化疗的治疗方法能够收到较好的治疗效果。虽不良反应增加,但可以耐受。     

化浊和胃散结汤联合FOLFOX方案治疗晚期胃癌36例

[目的]观察化浊和胃散结汤联合FOLFOX方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效。[方法]将66例患者随机分为2组,治疗组36例,采用中药化浊和胃散结汤联合FOLFOX方案治疗,对照组30例,单纯采用FOLFOX方案化疗。[结果]治疗组和对照组有效率分别为72.22%和46.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组半年生存率和1年生存率分别为75.00%和47.22%,对照组半年生存率和1年生存率分别为46.67%和23.33%。2组半年生存率及1年生存率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]化浊和胃散结汤联合FOLFOX方案治疗晚期胃癌能延长患者生存期。     

老年原发性肝癌晚期联合化疗的临床研究

目的观察老年原发性肝癌(PLC)晚期联合化疗的临床疗效和不良反应。方法选取41例晚期PLC老年患者为观察组,采用联合化疗方案(奥沙利铂联合雷替曲塞)进行化疗,另选择同期行对症支持治疗的41例晚期PLC患者为对照组。对比两组患者治疗疗效、生存时间、无进展生存期及不良反应。结果观察组的DCR为57.89%,明显高于对照组的34.15%(P0.05)。观察组的中位生存时间为7.8个月,中位无进展生存期为3.8个月,对照组分别为6.3个月、2.4个月;两组生存时间、无进展生存期无明显差异(P0.05)。患者化疗后出现轻度到中度的消化道反应、肾毒性、肝毒性、骨髓抑制、周围神经毒性,经积极处理以上毒副反应均可缓解。两组的各种不良反应发生率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论联合化疗方案对晚期老年肝癌患者安全,能较好的控制病情,获得较好疗效,不良反应可耐受。     

肺癌脑转移不同化疗药物联合全脑放疗治疗临床分析

目的探讨不同化疗药物联合全脑放疗治疗肺癌脑转移的疗效。方法对2004年7月—2007年3月山西医科大学第一医院胸外科收治的53例肺癌脑转移瘤病人分别采用单纯全脑放疗、卡莫司汀联合全脑放疗、替莫唑胺化联合全脑放疗治疗,并进行对照分析。观察病人的临床缓解状况及中位生存期。结果全脑放疗组、全脑放疗+卡莫司汀组、全脑放疗+替莫唑胺组病例临床缓解率分别为40.0%、89.4%和87.5%,中位生存期分别为5个月、11个月和12个月。结论对于肺癌脑转移,卡莫司汀联合全脑放疗组,替莫唑胺化联合全脑放疗组在临床缓解率和中位生存期上明显优于单纯全脑放疗。     

射频消融联合化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移22例

[目的]观察射频消融(RFA)联合化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效。[方法]对22例不能手术的结直肠癌肝转移患者行经皮穿刺RFA及FOLFOX4化疗。[结果]22例57个病灶,完全坏死率81.82%,对坏死的判断,CT优于超声,中位无局部复发时间为232 d,中位生存期27个月,1年及2年生存率分别为91.2%及74.8%。[结论]RFA联合化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移安全有效,值得进一步探索研究。     

微波热疗辅助放化疗治疗老年局部晚期胃癌的临床疗效和安全性观察

目的 探讨微波热疗辅助放化疗治疗老年局部晚期胃癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法 选择不可切除的局部晚期老年胃癌患者60例，随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组采用放疗+化疗方案，放疗采用调强放疗，总剂量为46～56 Gy,1.8～2.0 Gy/次；化疗采用替吉奥80 mg/m²，每日分2次口服。观察组在上述放化疗方案的基础上加用微波热疗，于放疗后1 h内进行，每次45 min，每周2次。比较两组近期疗效、生存情况及不良反应。结果观察组完全缓解14例、部分缓解6例、稳定5例、进展0例，客观缓解率为83%；对照组分别为8、10、11、1例及60%。观察组客观缓解率高于对照组。两组中位生存期分别为21、15个月，1、2、3年生存率分别为80%、46%、31%和63%、27%、0,1、2、3年无进展生存率分别为51%、42%、28%和40%、8%、0，两组生存情况具有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。两组不良反应包括骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、乏力等，不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 微波热疗辅助放化疗方案对老年局部晚期胃癌疗效较好，安全性较高。     

硫普罗宁对晚期结直肠癌患者FOLFOX4方案化疗效果的影响

目的探讨硫普罗宁在晚期直肠癌FOLFOX4方案化疗中的临床应用价值。方法将60例晚期结直肠癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组患者采用FOLFOX4化疗方案治疗;观察组患者在应用FOLFOX4方案化疗的同时静滴硫普罗宁治疗。观察比较两组的疗效和毒副反应。结果观察组患者的近期疗效略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者肝功能损害和中性粒细胞减少程度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论硫普罗宁能减轻晚期结直肠癌患者化疗所致的肝功能损害和中性粒细胞减少,但不能明显提高化疗的近期疗效。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.