腹部手术配合术中内镜检查诊治不明原因的消化道出血17例效果观察

1996—2006年，我们应用剖腹探查加术中内镜检查诊治不明原因消化道出血17例，效果满意。现报告如下。     

术中内镜对不明原因下消化道出血的应用价值

为探讨术中内镜检查对不明原因下消化道出血诊断的临床应用价值,我们总结了过去２０年间３２例常规检查不能明确病因和部位的下消化道出血患者的术中内镜应用结果。方法是通过手术探查切口插入内镜向口侧至十二指肠向肛侧至回盲瓣进行检查。结果诊断明确率达１００％,其中以小肠肿瘤和血管发育不良最为常见。结论术中内镜检查对于不明原因的下消化道出血是一种准确性高安全可靠的检查方法,不仅可明确出血的部位和原因还能指导选择手术的方式。     

不明原因消化道出血45例分析

目的探讨不明原因消化道出血(obscure gastrointestinal bleeding,OGIB)的病因及胶囊内镜在其诊断方面的应用价值。方法回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院2004年1月-2013年8月45例经胃镜、结肠镜检查未发现出血灶并进一步行胶囊内镜的OGIB患者的临床资料。结果入选的45例OGIB患者中共有42例检出小肠病变,其中单纯小肠血管畸形29例,小肠炎症2例,小肠蛔虫病1例,小肠溃疡1例,小肠息肉1例,十二指肠血管畸形1例,小肠血管畸形伴小肠黏膜下病变2例,小肠血管畸形伴蛔虫病2例,小肠血管畸形伴小肠溃疡、小肠淋巴管扩张1例,小肠血管畸形伴小肠糜烂1例,小肠血管畸形伴小肠憩室、小肠淋巴管扩张1例。OGIB最常见的病因为小肠血管畸形(83.33%,35/42)。结论胶囊内镜在OGIB的病因分析中能提供较直接的线索,对探索其病因及指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

消化道出血剖腹探查术中内镜的应用价值

临床上许多消化道出血性疾病,尽管在手术前应用了各种检查方法(包括腹部B超、CT、消化道钡餐、纤维内镜、放射性核素扫描及选择性内脏血管造影等),仍不能得到明确的诊断。我科自2000年8月至2002年10月间,对21例这样的患者于剖腹探查术中行内镜检查,取得了满意效果,现分析报道如下。     

内镜在消化道出血探查术中的应用

目的探讨消化内镜在消化道出血探查术中作用价值。方法回顾性分析我院近6年来消化道出血16例术中用消化内镜诊断和治疗情况。结果诊断小肠溃疡出血6例,出血坏死性小肠炎3例,小肠血管畸形3例,小肠平滑肌肉瘤溃破出血2例,回肠憩室1例,小肠毛细血管扩张症1例。内镜下电凝止血3例,氩气刀喷凝止血2例,钛夹钳夹止血1例,喷洒凝血酶等止血剂止血1例。其余病例均采用手术方式治疗后成功止血。结论不明原因消化道出血探查术中使用消化内镜对于明确出血部位,确定病变性质具有重要的临床价值,既减少了手术探查中的盲目性,部分出血还可以选择内镜下治疗,是安全有效的诊断和治疗方法。     

胶囊内镜检查不明原因消化道出血临床转归115例

目的:探讨胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血(OGIB)的可靠性及根据其诊断结果指导疾病,临床转归的有效性.方法:收集2002-05/2005-06间因不明原因消化道出血连续至本院行胶囊内镜检查的患者99例,通过就诊记录、电话追踪和门急诊随访等分析胶囊内镜诊断结果的临床符合情况、根据该诊断指导干预措施的结果、患者再出血及再检查等情况.结果:胶囊内镜对OGIB的病变检出率为89.9%,平均随访时间为18.4(6-41)mo,63例(63.6%)胶囊内镜检查结果得以验证,病变检出率在验证前后无显著差异(P=0.36),最终确诊率达90.5%(57/63).根据胶囊内镜诊断结果指导的特异性治疗率为50.5%(50/99),总成功率为82%(41/50),且经胶囊内镜诊断结果指导的对小肠阳性病变的有效干预率显著高于可疑阳性病变(P=0.01).结论:胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血的准确性高,能有效指导对疾病的进一步治疗,并能较大程度地影响这些疾病,特别是溃疡、肿瘤及血管发育不良所致的不明原因消化道出血的临床转归.     

胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血107例

目的:探讨胶囊内镜在不明原因消化道出血中的诊断价值及其与双气囊小肠镜在病因诊断中联合应用的意义。方法:采用M2A胶囊内镜对107例不明原因消化道出血患者进行检查,其中男61例,女46例,平均年龄(51.6±18.9)岁。其中36例患者依据胶囊内镜所观察到的结果,选择经口或经肛行双气囊小肠镜检查和(或)手术探查。结果:107例患者中106例(99.1%)完成胶囊内镜检查,75例(70.8%)胶囊内镜通过回盲瓣。107例中病变检出96例(89.7%)、确诊70例(65.4%)。36例中再经双气囊小肠镜检查和(或)手术后证实胶囊内镜诊断者为26例(72.2%)。2例(1.9%)发生胶囊滞留。结论:胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血具有较高的诊断价值,可作为病因诊断的首选筛查手段,与双气囊小肠镜联合应用可大大提高疾病的确诊率。     

胶囊内镜在不明原因消化道出血中的临床应用

目的探讨胶囊内镜在不明原因消化道出血中的诊断价值、耐受性、并发症。方法对20例不明原因消化道出血患者行OMOM胶囊内镜检查。结果15例胶囊内镜下发现异常,12例明确为出血病灶,诊断率为60%（12/20）,包括克罗恩病5例,间质瘤4例,晚期肿瘤1例,新鲜出血1例,血管瘤1例。20例受检者均耐受良好,2例出现了胶囊滞留。结论胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血有较高的诊断率,易耐受,胶囊滞留是其主要并发症,易发生于克罗恩病患者。     

不明原因消化道出血的诊治进展

不明原因消化道出血是指经常规内镜与影像学检查仍不能确诊的活动性出血或慢性复发性消化道出血，占所有消化道出血病人的5％，临床并不少见。近年来，内镜及放射检查等手段的进步，使得不明原因消化道出血诊治水平得以提高，本文就此方面的研究进展作一综述。     

胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血临床研究

胶囊内镜对小肠病变的诊断价值已得到肯定，尤其是对不明原因消化道出血的诊断，有其他传统方法不可替代的优势。我们在3年间进行该类检查56例，报道如下。     

Videocapsule endoscopy renders obscure gastrointestinal bleeding no longer obscure

INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhage arising from inaccessible areas of the gastrointestinal tract has long been an enigma in gastroenterology. The advent of the Given M2A videocapsule endoscope now permits direct visualization of small bowel mucosa. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic yield of the Given M2A videocapsule endoscope to conventional push enteroscopy. METHODS: Twenty consecutively referred patients (9 men aged 54.8 +/- 21.7 years, 11 women aged 65.6 +/- 16.6 years) who had previously had 1.6 +/- 0.8 EGDs, 1.6 +/- 0.8 colonoscopies, at least 1 normal small bowel radiographic study, and who had received 6.2 +/- 3.9 units of blood were studied. Patients underwent videocapsule endoscopy and subsequently push enteroscopy within 1 week. The endoscopist was blinded to the results of the videocapsule study. RESULTS: Videocapsule endoscopy determined the source of bleeding in 12/20 (60%) of patients versus 15% for push enteroscopy (McNemara chi2, P = 0.02). Videocapsule endoscopy found a source of bleeding in 9/13 patients in whom enteroscopy was negative. Three patients had surgical resections for vascular ectasias (2) and a hamartoma (1) based on the videocapsule endoscopy results. CONCLUSION: The Given M2A videocapsule endoscope has superior diagnostic utility for the evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding when compared with standard push enteroscopy. The Given M2A videocapsule endoscope can be used to direct appropriate therapy in addition to avoiding the use of unnecessary conventional endoscopic and radiologic procedures.     

Capsule endoscopy： Current status in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a safe, non invasive diagnostic modality for the evaluation of small bowel lesions. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) is one of the most important indications of capsule endoscopy. Capsule endoscopy has a very high diagnostic yield especially if the bleeding is ongoing. This technique appears to be superior to other techniques for the detection of suspected lesions and the source of bleeding. Capsule endoscopy has been shown to change the outcome in patients with obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleed.     

应用胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血的临床价值探讨

[目的]探讨胶囊内镜(CE)对不明原因消化道出血(OGIB)的诊断价值。[方法]106例OGIB患者依据不同的临床表现分为隐性出血组和显性出血组,均采用CE检查,对诊断结果进行分析总结。[结果]106例OGIB患者中74例获阳性诊断(69.8%),显性出血组占50例(69.5%),隐性出血组占24例(70.6%),2组阳性诊断率比较,差异无统计学意义;阳性诊断结果中以血管病变居多,其次为小肠恶性肿瘤。[结论]CE检查诊断OGIB的价值较高,是一种安全、简便的诊断方法。     

Outcome in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after capsule endoscopy

AIM: To investigate the clinical impact of capsule endoscopy (CE) after an obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) episode, focusing on diagnostic work-up, follow-up and predictive factors of rebleeding.METHODS: Patients who were referred to Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain) between 2007 and 2009 for OGIB who underwent a CE were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, current treatment with non-steroid anti-inflammtory drugs or anticoagulant drugs, hemoglobin levels, transfusion requirements, previous diagnostic tests for the bleeding episode, as well as CE findings (significant or non-significant), work-up and patient outcomes were analyzed from electronic charts. Variables were compared by χ² analysis and Student t test. Risk factors of rebleeding were assessed by Log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression model.RESULTS: There were 105 patients [45.7% women, median age of 72 years old (interquartile range 56-79)] and a median follow-up of 326 d (interquartile range 123-641) included in this study. The overall diagnostic yield of CE was 58.1% (55.2% and 63.2%, for patients with occult OGIB and overt OGIB, respectively). In 73 patients (69.5%), OGIB was resolved. Multivariate analysis showed that hemoglobin levels lower than 8 g/dL at diagnosis [hazard ratios (HR) = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.9-6.3], patients aged 70 years and above (HR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.2-6.1) and significant findings in CE (HR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1-5.8) were independent predictors of rebleeding.CONCLUSION: One third of the patients presented with rebleeding after CE; risk factors were hemoglobin levels < 8 g/dL, age ≥ 70 years or the presence of significant lesions.     

Intraoperative enteroscopy in the management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding has long been a diagnostic challenge because of the relative inaccessibility of small bowel to standard endoscopic evaluation. Intraoperative enteroscopy indications have been reduced by the development of deep enteroscopy techniques and video capsule endoscopy. In light of the current advances, this review aimed at evaluating the intraoperative enteroscopy technical aspects, study results and an ongoing role for intraoperative enteroscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding management. Intraoperative enteroscopy allows complete small bowel exploration in 57–100% of cases. A bleeding source can be identified in 80% of cases. Main causes are vascular lesions (61%) and benign ulcers (19%). When a lesion is found, intraoperative enteroscopy allows successful and recurrence-free management of gastrointestinal bleeding in 76% of cases. The reported mortality is 5% and morbidity is 17%. The recurrence of bleeding is observed in 13–52% of cases. With the recent development of deep enteroscopy techniques, intraoperative enteroscopy remains indicated when small bowel lesions (i) have been identified by a preoperative work-up, (ii) cannot be definitively managed by angiographic embolization, endoscopic treatment or when surgery is required and (iii) cannot be localized by external examination during surgical explorations. Surgeons and endoscopists must exercise caution with intraoperative enteroscopy to avoid the use of a low yield, highly morbid procedure.     

Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

OBJECTIVES: Chronic occult blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract is a recognized major cause of iron-deficiency anemia. After conventional investigation of the upper and lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract, the source of bleeding remains unidentified in approximately 10% of these patients. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy from patients enrolled in clinical studies due to persistent or recurrent iron-deficiency anemia. METHODS: In this large cohort study, patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were identified in a company-sponsored clinical study (Given Imaging, Ltd.) database which contains data from >50 clinical studies. Information on suitable patients was derived from 31 of them. Each subject swallowed an M2A Given Capsule containing a miniature video camera, batteries, a transmitter and an antenna. Recording time was approximately 8 h. The capsule was excreted naturally in the patient's bowel movement, and the data it transmitted were retrieved and interpreted the next day. RESULTS: 293 patients were studied (135 males, 46.1%, mean age 59.4 +/- 16.8 years) whose mean number of bleeding episodes was 4.3 +/- 5.5 and mean hemoglobin level was 9.8 +/- 2.4 g/dl. The average number of diagnostic procedures per patient prior to the capsule endoscopy study was 5.59. Capsule endoscopy detected definitive findings in 213/293 patients (72%) and findings missed by other diagnostic procedures in 22/293 patients (8%). Neither capsule endoscopy nor the other diagnostic procedures yielded diagnoses in 58/293 patients (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy has a high diagnostic yield in evaluating patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.     

双气囊小肠镜与胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血诊断价值的研究

目的 比较双气囊小肠镜与胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血检出率、诊断率和实用价值.方法 对2006年10月至2007年10月第三军医大学新桥医院收治的不明原因消化道出血73例患者行双气囊小肠镜检查,经口腔或肛门进镜检查未发现病灶者,改换进镜方式再行检查.另66例行胶囊内镜检查.对比两种检查方式的临床效果.结果 双气囊小肠镜组检出率为94.5%,诊断率为80.8%;胶囊内镜组检出率81.8%、诊断率为50.0%.两组患者均能耐受检查.结论 双气囊小肠镜组的检出率及诊断率均显著高于胶囊内镜组.而胶囊内镜检查更为简便易行.