老年人心力衰竭伴睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的心律失常分析

目的对充血性心力衰竭(CHF)伴睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(SAS)患者出现各种心律失常的情况及其对CHF的影响进行初步探讨。方法72例确诊为CHF伴SAS患者,依据多导睡眠图和动态心电图检测分析,以睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)15作为界值,AHI>15者为CHF伴SAS组(A组),36例;AHI≤15者为对照组(B组),36例。结果A组心律失常的发生率明显高于B组(P<0·05),在夜间睡眠状态下心律失常,尤其是室性心律失常差异更为明显。结论CHF伴SAS患者较不伴SAS的CHF患者更易出现各种心律失常而加重CHF,严重者可导致睡眠状态下的猝死,临床上在控制CHF的同时亦应重视对SAS的及时干预。     

缺血性卒中后睡眠障碍伴焦虑患者中医证候特征研究

目的探讨缺血性卒中后睡眠障碍伴焦虑患者的中医证候特征。方法根据患者焦虑状况,将符合纳入标准的患者分为睡眠障碍伴焦虑组(20例)和睡眠障碍不伴焦虑组(60例)。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)分别对两组患者进行睡眠质量评估,采用"中风病证候诊断标准"进行中医证候评分。结果睡眠障碍伴焦虑组睡眠紊乱、日间功能障碍和PSQI总分的分值均高于不伴焦虑组(P0.05或P0.01)。睡眠障碍伴焦虑组火热证候和阴虚阳亢证候得分高于不伴焦虑组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论缺血性卒中后睡眠障碍伴焦虑患者与不伴焦虑患者相比,其睡眠质量差,睡眠紊乱和日间功能障碍明显,其火热证候和阴虚阳亢证候较为突出。     

老年抑郁症患者睡眠障碍的评估及多导睡眠图检查的价值

目的探讨应用多导睡眠图(PSG)观察老年抑郁症患者的睡眠特征及其检查价值。方法分析具有明显失眠症状的老年抑郁症患者的临床资料纳入观察组(43例),另纳入体检的健康老年人作为对照组(41例)。对比两组匹兹堡睡眠治疗指数量表(PSQI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分,并使用PGS观察两组睡眠指标的差异。结果观察组PSQI、HAMD及HAMA评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。相关性分析显示观察组PSQI与HAMD及HAMA呈现显著正相关关系(r=0.92,0.84,均P<0.01)。PSG检测显示两组总记录时间、S1比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组睡眠时间、睡眠效率、慢波睡眠(SWS)、快速眼动相睡眠(REM)睡眠潜伏期、REM睡眠时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而睡眠潜伏期、醒觉次数、醒觉时间、S2、REM活动度、REM密度、REM强度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论老年抑郁症患者睡眠质量随着抑郁程度及焦虑程度加剧变的更差;并且PSG显示老年抑郁症患者存在睡眠指标的改变,PSG监测技术对老年抑郁症患者失眠症状的诊断具有重要意义。     

虚拟现实技术联合生物反馈对老年高血压伴失眠患者血压及睡眠质量的改善作用

目的探讨虚拟现实技术(VR)联合生物反馈对老年高血压伴失眠患者血压及睡眠质量的改善作用,为治疗该病提供方法。方法选取2018年12月~2019年12月在连云港市第二人民医院心内科就诊的216例老年患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将患者分为对照组(n=108)及观察组(n=108),所有患者均口服苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗,观察组患者在此基础上实施VR联合生物反馈技术的综合干预。评估并比较2组患者治疗前后血压、睡眠、焦虑抑郁状态及生活质量。结果 2组治疗后的收缩压、舒张压、脉压、PSQI总分、睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、日间功能及安眠药物均较治疗前好转,且观察组相比对照组血压及睡眠的改善效果更显著(P均<0.05);2组治疗后的HAMA、HAMD-17、SF-36及ADL评分均较治疗前好转,且观察组相比对照组的改善效果更显著(P均<0.001)。结论虚拟现实技术联合生物反馈可改善老年高血压伴失眠患者的血压、睡眠、焦虑抑郁状态及生活质量,具有一定临床应用价值。     

内观认知疗法配合康复护理对冠心病伴广泛性焦虑症患者康复效果的影响

目的探讨内观认知疗法配合康复护理对冠心病伴广泛性焦虑症患者康复效果的影响。方法选取2016年1月至2017年1月我院收治的冠心病伴广泛性焦虑症患者103例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(51例)与观察组(52例)。两组患者均给予康复护理,观察组患者在此基础上配合采用内观认知疗法进行干预。比较两组患者干预前及干预7d后的焦虑症状,睡眠质量及生活质量。结果干预前两组患者SAS及HAMA评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后观察组SAS与HAMA评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表中的睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、日间功能、催眠药物使用评分及PSQI总分均明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者健康调查简表(SF-36)量表中的生理功能、社会功能、心理健康、活力、生理角色限制、情感角色限制、躯体疼痛及总体健康8个维度的评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论内观认知疗法配合康复护理可有效改善冠心病伴广泛性焦虑症患者的焦虑症状,提高睡眠质量和生活质量,具有较高推广应用价值。     

心理疏导配合认知教育对老年高血压伴抑郁症患者血压、情绪控制效果的影响

目的 分析心理疏导配合认知教育对老年高血压伴抑郁症患者血压、情绪控制效果的影响。方法 选取2021年3月至2022年8月期间该院收治的80例老年高血压伴抑郁症患者为研究对象,并依据患者的护理方式差异将其分入观察组（40例）和对照组（40例）,对照组老年患者采用常规护理,观察组老年患者在常规护理上实施心理疏导配合认知教育。比较两组高血压伴抑郁症患者护理前后血压水平、护理后情绪状况（指标包括：焦虑、抑郁）、生活质量评分（指标包括：睡眠评分、精神评分、体力评分、食欲评分）改善情况。结果 两组高血压伴抑郁症患者护理前睡眠评分、精神评分、体力评分、食欲评分等生活质量评分和焦虑、抑郁等情绪状况评分以及血压水平相比无明显差异（P>0.05）,护理后两组高血压伴抑郁症患者以上评分均显著改善（P<0.05）,且观察组高血压伴抑郁症患者睡眠评分、精神评分、体力评分、食欲评分等生活质量评分和焦虑、抑郁等情绪状况评分以及血压水平改善情况均显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 心理疏导配合认知教育能有效提升老年高血压伴抑郁症患者的血压控制水平,改善患者的不良情绪状况,提升患者的生活质量。     

小檗碱联合艾司西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症睡眠障碍的效果及对血清5-羟色胺水平的影响

目的研究小檗碱联合艾司西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症睡眠障碍的效果及其对血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平的影响。方法选择老年抑郁症睡眠障碍患者160例,根据随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,每组80例。对照组采用草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合盐酸小檗碱治疗,共4 w。治疗前后,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估抑郁状况,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分评估睡眠质量。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清5-HT水平。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组HAMD评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组HAMD评分和PSQI评分均明显低于治疗前(P0.05),观察组HAMD评分和PSQI评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小檗碱联合艾司西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症睡眠障碍的效果显著,可改善抑郁和睡眠障碍症状,升高血清5-HT水平。     

碎裂QRS波与HCM室性心律失常及猝死的关系

目的探讨碎裂QRS波与肥厚型心肌病患者发生室性心律失常及心源性猝死的关系。方法选取来我院就诊的肥厚型心肌病患者70例,随访1年。20例出现室性心律失常或心源性猝死入选试验组,50例未出现室性心律失常或心源性猝死入选对照组。所有入选患者均行心电图检查,统计分析两组患者碎裂QRS波特点。结果下壁导联碎裂QRS波发生率高于其它区域。试验组前壁导联碎裂QRS波发生率大于对照组(35%vs. 10%,p=0.012);三个或以上区域碎裂QRS波发生率大于对照组(30%vs. 4%,p=0.008)。三个或以上区域碎裂QRS波对肥厚型心肌病室性心律失常及心源性猝死的敏感性30%,特异性96%。结论三个或以上区域碎裂QRS波与肥厚型心肌病室性心律失常及心源性猝死有关,在一定程度上可以预警肥厚型心肌病高危患者。     

度洛西汀与帕罗西汀对老年抑郁症患者主观睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨度洛西汀与帕罗西汀治疗老年抑郁症的临床疗效及对主观睡眠质量的影响。方法 71例老年抑郁症患者随机分为研究组36例,口服度洛西汀治疗,对照组35例,口服帕罗西汀治疗,观察8 w。应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)总分评价疗效,HAMD睡眠障碍因子和匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)评定睡眠改善效果,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果研究组治疗第1、2周末HAMD评分较对照组下降更显著(P均0.05)。治疗8 w末,研究组总有效率(77.8%)与对照组(74.3%)无显著差异(P0.05)。两组不良反应较轻,两组TESS评分差异无显著性(P均0.05)。研究组治疗第1、2周末HAMD睡眠障碍因子和PSQI评分较对照组下降更显著(P均0.05),治疗4 w后两组无显著差异(P均0.05)。结论度洛西汀与帕罗西汀治疗老年抑郁症疗效显著且相当,安全性高,但度洛西汀起效更快,并在治疗早期对患者的主观睡眠改善优于帕罗西汀。     

急性心肌梗死伴碎裂宽QRS波对患者心功能的影响的研究

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(心梗)伴碎裂宽QRS波对患者心功能的影响。方法研究对象选择邯郸市第一医院2016年1月~2017年11月间收治的200例急性心梗患者,根据入院12导联心电图中是否出现碎裂宽QRS波,分为碎裂QRS波(fQRS)组、无fQRS组,比较fQRS组与无fQRS组的心电特征指标、心功能指标。再根据fQRS波群宽窄情况,将fQRS组分为窄fQRS组与宽fQRS组,比较窄fQRS组与宽fQRS组的心功能指标、心律失常发生率、心源性猝死发生率。采用皮尔逊相关系数分析法,分析碎裂宽QRS波与急性心梗患者心功能指标及预后的相关性。结果在心电特征指标方面,fQRS组患者的QRS时限、QTc间期均长于无fQRS组(P0.05)。fQRS组患者的左室射血分数低于无fQRS组(P0.05),其NT-proBNP水平高于无fQRS组(P0.05)。宽fQRS组左室射血分数低于窄fQRS组(P0.05),其NT-proBNP水平高于窄fQRS组(P0.05),其心律失常发生率、心源性猝死发生率均高于窄fQRS组(P0.05)。经相关性分析,碎裂宽QRS波与急性心梗患者的左室射血分数、预后呈负相关,其与急性心梗患者的NT-proBNP水平、心律失常、心源性猝死等呈正相关。结论心电图中出现碎裂QRS波会对急性心梗患者的心功能造成不良影响,尤其是碎裂宽QRS波,其预后较差,临床上可将碎裂宽QRS波作为急性心梗患者心源性猝死的预警指标。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

小剂量垂体后叶素合并硝酸甘油治疗咯血

目的评价小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗咯血的疗效及不良反应。方法将50例咯血患者随机分为两组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上（n=26）应用小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油;对照组（n=24）在常规治疗基础上仅应用小剂量垂体后叶素。分析其疗效及不良反应。结果48小时后治疗组有效率96.15％（25／26）,对照组有效率58.33％（14／24）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.012）;治疗组对血压影响小,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,对照组能引起血压升高的副作用（P〈0.05）;治疗组出现头晕头痛、胸闷、心悸、腹痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、出汗、面色苍白等不良反应比对照组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗中量咯血比垂体后叶素单药治疗中量咯血疗效明显提高,且能减少垂体后叶素不良反应。