胰岛素泵短期强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病第一时相受损的临床观察

目的探讨短期胰岛素泵持续皮下输注胰岛素(CSII)强化治疗对伴明显高血糖的初诊2型糖尿病(2-DM)患者的降糖效果和对胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法对20例空腹血糖≥11.1mmol/L的初诊2-DM患者进行为期2周的CSII强化治疗,于治疗前后定期测定空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG),进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IGTT),观察胰岛素分泌第一时相,计算胰岛素及C肽曲线下面积(AUC),计算胰岛β细胞功能指数(Homaβ)和胰岛素抵抗指数(Homa IR)。结果2周的CSII强化治疗后,20例患者FPG、2hPG明显下降(P<0.01),并在治疗第4.2±1.7天达到血糖控制标准。多数患者在IGTT中恢复了不同程度的胰岛素第一时相分泌,患者IGTT时胰岛素、C肽曲线下面积和Homaβ明显提高,Homa IR则明显下降(P<0.01)。结论对伴明显高血糖的初诊2-DM患者,短期CSII强化治疗具有快速稳定控制血糖和显著改善胰岛β细胞功能的作用,并能改善胰岛素抵抗。     

短期胰岛素泵治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的观察短期应用胰岛素泵治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖、胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法用胰岛素泵对72例初诊2型糖尿病患者进行2周的持续皮下胰岛素输注（CSII）,观察并记录治疗前后空腹血糖（FPG）及餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白Alc（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、餐后2h胰岛素（2hINS）、胰岛素分泌指数（HOMA—β）、早期胰岛素分泌指数胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）。计算胰岛素及葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUCI,AUCG）。结果CSII治疗能快速稳定控制血糖,治疗2周后FINS及HOMA—β明显上升,HOMA—IR明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论短期CSII治疗对2型糖尿病有快速稳定血糖、改善胰岛β细胞功能和降低胰岛素抵抗的作用。     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛功能的影响

目的探讨短期胰岛素泵（CSII）强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛功能的影响。方法选择2009年1月~2011年6月我院收治的86例初诊2型糖尿病患者进行CSII强化治疗2周,观察比较治疗前后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 h PG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、餐后2 h胰岛素（2 h INS）、糖化血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）、胰岛素分泌指数（HOMA-β）和胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）的变化情况。结果 FINS、2 h INS、HOMA-β水平较治疗前均明显上升（均P〈0.05）;FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR水平较治疗前均明显下降（均P〈0.05）。结论采用CSII治疗可以有效改善初诊2型糖尿病患者的胰岛功能     

胰岛素泵治疗对2型糖尿病患者血糖及β细胞功能的影响

目的 :观察短期持续性皮下胰岛素输注 (CSII)治疗对伴明显高血糖的 2型糖尿病患者的降糖效果和胰岛 β细胞功能的影响。方法 :对空腹血糖 >1 1 .1 mmol/ L的 2 0例 2型糖尿病患者进行为期 2周的 CSII强化治疗 ,分析比较其治疗前后空腹及餐后 2 h血糖 ,口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)时胰岛素及 C肽曲线下面积 ,由 Homa模型计算的 Homaβ、Homa IR,血浆胰岛素、C肽浓度均用放免法测定。结果 :2周的 CSII治疗显示出快速稳定的降血糖效果。其中 2 0例患者的空腹、餐后 2 h血糖分别于治疗后 (3.2± 0 .8) d、(5 .5± 1 .9) d达到良好控制。胰岛β细胞功能在治疗后获得显著改善 ;胰岛素、C肽曲线下面积和由 Homa模型计算的 Hom aβ值均较治疗前明显提高 ,Homa IR值均较治疗前明显下降。结论 :对伴明显高血糖的 2型糖尿病患者 ,短期强化治疗具有快速稳定控制血糖和显著改善胰岛β细胞功能的作用     

短期胰岛素泵治疗对2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的:探讨短期胰岛素泵(CSII)治疗对伴明显高血糖的2型糖尿病患者的降糖效果和胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法:对26例空腹血糖≥11.1mmol/L、餐后2h血糖≥16.8mmol/L的2型糖尿病患者进行为期2~4周的胰岛素泵(CSII)治疗,于治疗前后进行馒头餐试验,分析比较治疗前后空腹及餐后2h血糖、胰岛素原、胰岛素及C肽和由Homa模型计算的Homaβ。结果:短期的CSII治疗显示出快速稳定的降血糖效果,所有患者的血糖均于(4.0±2.0)d达到良好控制,且未出现明显低血糖。胰岛素、C肽水平和Homaβ治疗后显著增加,而胰岛素原水平、胰岛素原和胰岛素的比值较治疗前明显下降。结论:对伴明显高血糖的2型糖尿病患者,短期CSII治疗具有快速降血糖和显著改善胰岛β细胞功能的作用。     

短期持续胰岛素输注治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的 探讨短期持续胰岛素输注（CSII）治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析30例初次诊断为2型糖尿病患者的临床资料.所有患者均接受2周的短期持续性皮下胰岛素输注治疗,比较治疗前后患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素、餐后2 h胰岛素的变化情况.计算Homa-β功能指数以及胰岛素抵抗指数.结果 治疗后空腹血糖（FBG）,餐后2 h血糖（2 h PG）、HbA1c、Homa-IR均显著下降,而Homa-β较治疗前显著升高（P ＜ 0.05或P ＜ 0.01）.治疗前的IVGTT试验可见胰岛素和C肽分泌有所下降,治疗后进行IVGTT试验均明显上升.结论 短期持续胰岛素输注治疗初诊2型糖尿病能够改善β细胞的功能.     

短期持续胰岛素输注对2型糖尿病患者胰岛B细胞功能的影响

目的:观察短期胰岛素输注(CSII)治疗明显高血糖的2型糖尿病患者的降糖效果和对胰岛B细胞功能的影响。方法:对87例空腹血糖>12.0mmol/L的2型糖尿病患者进行为期1周的胰岛素治疗,分析比较治疗前后空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、空腹C肽、胰岛B细胞功能、Homaβ、胰岛素敏感指数HomaIR的变化。结果:经过1周的CSII治疗后,85例患者空腹及餐后2小时血糖达到良好的控制,FBS、FPS2h较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),空腹C肽较治疗前无明显改变(P>0.05),Homaβ较治疗前增高(P<0.05),HomaIR较治疗前下降(P<0.05)。结论:对伴明显高血糖的2型糖尿病患者短期CSII强化治疗后,取得了较理想的血糖控制,并且明显改善了胰岛B细胞功能。     

初诊2型糖尿病胰岛素强化治疗后的胰岛功能变化分析

目的：探讨短期胰岛素泵强化治疗（CSII）和胰岛素多点皮下注射（MDI）强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能改变.方法： 38例空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L的初诊2型糖尿病患者随机分为CSII组和MDI组,CSII组共24人,MDI组共14人,进行一个月强化治疗,以末梢空腹血糖〈6.1 mmol/L和餐后2 h血糖〈7.8 mmol/L为血糖控制目标.根据血糖调整胰岛素用量,比较两组治疗前后的口服葡萄糖耐量试验胰岛素和C肽曲线下面积、Homa胰岛功能（Homa β）和抵抗指数（Homa RI）.结果： 治疗前后,两组间的胰岛素和C肽曲线下面积、HOMA胰岛功能和抵抗指数无明显的统计学意义.除Homa RI外,同组内其他上述指标在治疗前后有明显的统计学差别.结论： 胰岛素泵强化治疗和胰岛素多点注射强化治疗都可以使初诊2型糖尿病患者的胰岛细胞功能得到同样程度的改善.     

短期持续皮下胰岛素输注治疗对初诊2型糖尿病疗效的影响因素分析

目的探讨短期持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)治疗对初诊2型糖尿病血糖控制的影响因素。方法对138例空腹血糖>11.1mmol/L的初诊2型糖尿病患者进行2周CSII强化治疗,初始胰岛素全日量为0.5U/kg。以指尖空腹血糖(FBG)<6.1mmol/L和餐后2h血糖<8.0mmol/L为血糖控制目标,根据血糖调整胰岛素基础输注量及追加量,比较血糖控制达标组与未达标组患者临床特征、血糖水平和静脉葡萄糖耐量试验时胰岛素曲线下面积(AUC)和Homaβ等。结果经2周CSII治疗,126例(91.3%)患者用泵期间血糖控制达标,12例(8.7%)未达标。与达标组相比,未达标组治疗前FBG较高(16mmol/L±5mmol/L比13mmol/L±4mmol/L)、胰岛素β细胞分泌指数(Homaβ)值较低(17±10比36±25),ΔAUC(治疗后AUC-治疗前AUC)较低,治疗期胰岛素用量较大。结论更严重的高血糖和胰岛β细胞功能低下可能是初诊2型糖尿病患者短期CSII强化治疗血糖控制欠佳的主要原因。     

早期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的：探讨早期胰岛素强化治疗对伴明显高血糖的初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法：将80例伴明显高血糖的初诊2型糖尿病患者给予胰岛素强化治疗3月,观察患者治疗前后血糖、胰岛素水平、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛β细胞功能指数、胰岛素抵抗指数变化,以及停药后血糖达标持续时间。结果：80例患者接受胰岛素强化治疗后,空腹及餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数均较治疗前明显下降,胰岛素分泌水平、胰岛β细胞功能指数较治疗前明显升高。随访6个月,其中36例仅通过饮食控制及体育锻炼即可获得理想的血糖控制。结论：初诊2型糖尿病患者通过早期胰岛素强化治疗后可有效控制血糖,显著改善胰岛β细胞功能,减轻胰岛素抵抗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.