虚拟骨缝在颅面复合体三维有限元模型中的构建及应用

目的 初步探讨在颅面复合体三维有限元模型中构建骨缝结构并进行牵引研究.方法 采用螺旋CT扫描与三维有限元方法相结合,建立颅面复合体三维有限元模型,进一步利用MSC.Patran软件构建骨缝,并对模型骨缝选取不同的材料属性,在相同加载条件下,比较观察其位移变化.结果 建立包括颅面骨缝及牙列的颅面复合体三维有限元模型,设立骨缝与无骨缝情况下位移比较差距明显.结论 颅面骨缝在颅面复合体三维有限元模型上的建立,更接近真实骨骼结构,能进一步提高计算精度,为颅面复合体生物力学研究奠定了基础.     

Renal artery stenosis associated with melorheostosis

Melorheostosis is a benign, rare, congenital disorder of hyperostosis of one or more bones. In this report, we describe a 5-year-old girl with melorheostosis of the left iliac wing, femur, and tibia who developed severe hypertension secondary to left renal artery stenosis. Numerous soft tissue and vascular anomalies have been reported in patients with melorheostosis. To our knowledge this is the first case where renal artery stenosis has been associated with melorheostosis. Several hypotheses for bone and vascular involvement in melorheostosis are reviewed.     

Melorheostosis with occlusion of dorsalis pedis artery

Melorheostosis is an unusual sclerotic dysplasia of bone. The case of a 51-year-old female patient with melorheostosis and occlusion of the dorsalis pedis artery is described. Although numerous vascular anomalies have been noted in patients with melorheostosis, occlusion of the dorsalis pedis artery has not been reported previously.     

Soft tissue contractures from melorheostosis involving the upper extremity.

Melorheostosis is a rare disorder characterized by a linear hyperostosis of cortical bone, joint pain, stiffness, deformity, and limited motion. In the hand, the disease is often disabling because of progressive contractures of the joints and soft tissues involved. Two cases of melorheostosis involving the radial side of the hand and upper extremity are reported. Splinting or surgical release did not result in permanent correction of the soft tissue contractures. Retraining patients to use their unaffected hand should be considered early in the course of the disease.     

Appearance of Osteolysis with Melorheostosis: Redefining the Disease or a New Disorder? A Novel Case Report with Multimodality Imaging

We present a case report of melorheostosis with the novel radiographic finding of underlying cortical resorption. A number of radiographic patterns of melorheostosis have been described; however, the combination of new bone formation and resorption of the original cortex appears unique. Although the presence of underlying lysis has been postulated in published studies, direct radiographic evidence of bony resorption in melorheostosis has not been reported. These findings can be subtle and might go unnoticed using standard imaging. An in-depth review of the radiographic features is presented, including multimodality imaging with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.     

Osteoradionecrosis of the anterior cranium

Osteoradionecrosis occurs in approximately 10% to 15% of patients following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. In these patients, it is most commonly reported in sites involving the mandible, but it has also been reported in the maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal bones. The majority of these cases are related to some type of trauma such as dental extraction or intraoral biopsies. However, approximately 40% of these entities occur spontaneously and are felt to be secondary to cell kill in intermediate tissues such as bone and periosteum. Our literature review yielded no previously reported cases of osteoradionecrosis involving the anterior cranium. The following two cases present patients who experienced osteoradionecrosis of their frontal bone flaps following subcranial approaches for tumor resection. Both patients suffered from carcinomas involving the ethmoid sinuses; one tumor was a moderately well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, the other a mucinous adenocarcinoma. One patient's radiation therapy consisted of external beam photons; the other patient received external beam neutrons. Treatment for these patients, as well as possible causative factors regarding their osteoradionecrosis, are discussed.     

Osteoradionecrosis of the Anterior Cranium

Osteoradionecrosis occurs in approximately 10% to 15% of patients following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. In these patients, it is most commonly reported in sites involving the mandible, but it has also been reported in the maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal bones. The majority of these cases are related to some type of trauma such as dental extraction or intraoral biopsies. However, approximately 40% of these entities occur spontaneously and are felt to be secondary to cell kill in intermediate tissues such as bone and periosteum. Our literature review yielded no previously reported cases of osteoradionecrosis involving the anterior cranium. The following two cases present patients who experienced osteoradionecrosis of their frontal bone flaps following subcranial approaches for tumor resection. Both patients suffered from carcinomas involving the ethmoid sinuses; one tumor was a moderately well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, the other a mucinous adenocarcinoma. One patient's radiation therapy consisted of external beam photons; the other patient received external beam neutrons. Treatment for these patients, as well as possible causative factors regarding their osteoradionecrosis, are discussed.     

Melorheostosis causing lumbar radiculopathy: a case report and a review of the literature

Background contextMelorheostosis is a rare sclerosing bone disorder with a predilection for the appendicular skeleton. Involvement of the spine is infrequent and largely asymptomatic. Surgical treatment for spinal involvement is therefore uncommon with only one reported case of lumbar fusion for painful lumbosacral melorheostosis.PurposeWe report a case of lumbar melorheostosis causing disabling radiculopathy treated with nerve root decompression.ConclusionsMelorheostosis of the lumbar spine causing radicular symptoms has not been reported before. Our message from the management of this particular patient is to consider surgical option in symptomatic individuals.     

Giant cell reparative granuloma of the temporal bone

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is an uncommon non-neoplastic reactive tumor that occurs almost exclusively within the mandible and maxilla and can be locally aggressive. Only sporadic cases involving the skull base have been reported. However, this lesion is probably underappreciated because it might be unrecognized or misdiagnosed. We present a case of GCRG of the left temporal bone that was treated surgically via a combined transtemporal-subtemporal approach. A short literature review about diagnosis, clinical behavior and treatment of this tumor entity is given.     

The surgical treatment of fibrous dysplasia. With emphasis on recent contributions from cranio-maxillo-facial surgery.

Fibrous dysplasia is a congenital, metabolic, nonfamilial disturbance that occurs in one or more bones, at times in association with skin pigmentations or endocrine abnormalities. The authors report on a large personal series of 23 patients with fibrous dysplasia involving the craniofacial skeleton. The etiology, clinical findings, pathology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are reviewed and a working hypothesis is offered for the pathophysiology of this disorder. Approximately one-third of patients with fibrous dysplasia have involvement of the cranial or facial bones. The authors describe how new techniques in craniofacial surgery have opened up additional options for this group of patients. Deformity, diplopia, proptosis, sinus infection, deafness, and loss of vision, are some of the clinical features that may require early surgical management. Evidence is given to support more complete resection of bony lesions with immediate reconstruction by several techniques. The removal, remodeling, and replacement of the dysplastic bone is advanced as a promising new method for the management of these complex problems. Successful use of this technique in four patients is reported. In a separate group of patients, continuing good experience is reported with cranio-orbital reconstruction by means of large methyl-methacrylate implants. Both of these surgical approaches eliminate donor site morbidity that results from the grafting of large amounts of autogenous bone. Both techniques also avoid the problems associated with postoperative absorption of bone grafting. Several patients are reported in whom serious disturbances in visual function appear to have been prevented or reversed by early treatment. Factors leading to malignant change in patients with fibrous dysplasia are reviewed.     

Three cases of melorheostosis with foot and ankle involvement

Melorheostosis is a rare and poorly understood condition of bone and soft tissue with a wide range of clinical presentations. This condition is typically characterized by cortical hyperostosis and pain in the involved extremity, but can also be associated with soft-tissue masses and limb deformities that may be additional sources of disability for those affected by this disease. Characteristic radiographic findings can aid in establishing an accurate diagnosis and the condition should not be mistaken for more aggressive neoplasms. This chronic condition is typically managed nonoperatively, but more invasive measures may be necessary when nonoperative measures fail. In cases of surgical intervention, physicians and patients should be aware that this disease has a high recurrence rate. Although there are only a few reports of melorheostosis in the foot and ankle, it is important to be aware of the difficulties the condition may cause in this anatomical location. Melorheostosis can be a source of significant morbidity when the foot and ankle are involved, especially when complicated by symptomatic soft-tissue masses. In this article, we report 3 cases of melorheostosis in the foot and ankle with distinct presentations and variations in outcomes.     

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: review of literature and case report

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is an uncommon, fast-growing, pigmented neoplasm of neural crest origin. It primarily affects the maxilla of the infants during the first year of life. Approximately, a few hundred of these tumors have been reported in medical literature. We present a case of a newborn with MNTI involving the anterior maxillary region. The treatment included surgical excision of the lesion with safe margins, using an intraoral approach and removal of associated developing tooth buds. We made no attempt at immediate bone grafting. The patient had no recurrence at 1 year postoperatively. The diagnostic features and management alternatives of MNTI are discussed.     

BONE REPLACEMENT IN HEAD AND NECK SURGERY: A BIOCOMPATIBLE ALTERNATIVE

Background : Defects in the skull have presented difficult reconstructive problems. Recently glass-ionomer cement and preformed implants have been used to repair bony defects in the skull base and in cranio-facial surgery. Three patients are reported to illustrate possible applications for this new material. Methods : Ionocap cement and Ionoroc-skull standardized implants have been used. The cement is available as a two component blister pack. When mixed and blended a gel is produced which can be worked for approximately 5 min before hardening. It can then be contoured and drilled to the required shape. The resultant material is biocompatible and biostable, is non-toxic and permanently bonds to bone with no increase in temperature or shrinkage. Results : The material has been used to fill the temporal defect left by transplantation of the temporalis muscle for oral reconstruction, the anterior and lateral walls of the maxilla and following craniofacial resection, the posterior wall of the frontal sinus and anterior skull base. Conclusions : Three patients with different reconstructive problems have been presented to illustrate the use of an alloplastic material that has a tensile strength similar to bone* and firmly adheres to it. The material was found to be safe and easy to use. All three patients have now been followed for 12 months with no adverse affects.     

Development of craniofacial structures in transgenic mice with constitutively active PTH/PTHrP receptor

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) regulate calcium homeostasis, and PTHrP further regulates growth and development. A transgenic mouse carrying the constitutively active PTH/PTHrP receptor (HKrk-H223R) under the control of the mouse bone and odontoblast-specific alpha1(I) collagen promoter (Col1-caPPR) has been developed to demonstrate the complex actions of this mutant receptor in hard tissue formation. We have further characterized Col1-caPPR mice abnormalities in the craniofacial region as a function of development. Col1-caPPR mice exhibited a delay in embryonic bone formation, followed by expansion of a number of craniofacial bones including the maxilla and mandible, delay in tooth eruption and teratosis, and a disrupted temporomandibular joint (TMJ). These findings suggest that the Col1-caPPR mouse is a useful model for characterization of the downstream effects of the constitutively active receptor during development and growth, and as a model for development of treatments of human diseases with similar characteristics.     

Histomorhological and clinical evaluation of maxillary alveolar ridge reconstruction after craniofacial trauma by applying combination of allogeneic and autogenous bone graft

A variety of techniques and materials for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of traumatized maxillary ridges prior to dental implants placement have been described in literature. Autogenous bone grafting is considered ideal by many researchers and it still remains the most predictable and documented method. The aim of this report is to underline the effectiveness of using allogeneic bone graft for managing maxillofacial trauma. A case of a 30-year-old male with severely atrophic maxillary ridge as a consequence of complex craniofacial injury is presented here. Augmentation procedure in two stages was performed using allogeneic and autogenous bone grafts in different areas of the osseous defect. Four months after grafting, during the implants placement surgery, samples of both sectors were withdrawn and submitted to histological evaluation. On the examination of the specimens, treated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, the morphology of integrated allogeneic bone grafts was revealed to be similar to the autologous bone. Our clinical experience shows how the allogeneic bone graft presented normal bone tissue architecture and is highly vascularized, and it can be used for reconstruction of severe trauma of the maxilla.     

Melorheostosis and FGF-23: Is there a relationship?

Melorheostosis is a rare chronic bone disease of unknown etiology that often affects lower limbs. Onset usually occurs in childhood or early adolescence. The diagnosis relies on the radiographic finding of hyperostosis within or around the cortex responsible for a "flowing wax" appearance. To our knowledge, Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels have not yet been quantified in melorheostosis. We report an unusual case of this disease for whom the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia had been wrongly made for a long period of time and the FGF-23 concentration has been found very high without any disturbance of serum phosphate.     

Temporomandibular joint,skull base and mandibular ramus functional reconstruction with homologous bank tissue and free flap: A case report with 30 months follow‐up

Big craniofacial resections for highly invasive malignant neoplasm, including skull base and maxillary bones, always represent a difficult chance for the reconstructive surgeon. In these cases it is not easy to restore anatomy and function simultaneously even adopting complex microsurgical techniques. In maxillofacial and oral surgery, simple bone homotransplantation for small bone segments reconstruction has been developing as popular technique and tissue banks offer not only bone segments but also many different tissues including complex body parts. In this paper we present, a case report of a homotransplantation of a complete temporomandibular joint (TMJ) together with a portion of the medial skull base and mandibular ramus folded with an ante‐brachial fascio‐periosteal free flap as secondary reconstruction after nearly 5 years from the removal of a sarcoma of the TMJ involving the skull base and a follow up of more than 30 months. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.     

Transfacial approaches to the skull base: the early contributions of harvey cushing

In this report, we review Dr. Cushing's early surgical cases at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, revealing details of his early use of craniofacial approaches for malignant pathology of the skull base. Following Institutional Review Board approval, and through the courtesy of the Alan Mason Chesney Archives, we reviewed the Johns Hopkins Hospital surgical files from 1896 to 1912, which included three patients who underwent surgical treatment of lesions involving the skull base through craniofacial approaches: two adults and one child (range 3 to 43 years). The main outcome measures were length of stay and condition recorded at the time of discharge. The indications for surgery included osteochondroma of the sphenoid sinus, sarcoma of the maxillary sinus and middle fossa, and osteoma of the frontal sinus. The mean length of stay was 24.5 days (range 7 to 45 days). Cushing employed craniofacial approaches for malignant pathology nearly 40 years before such techniques became widely used. He practiced the fundamentals of skull base surgery, including preferential removal of bone to achieving adequate exposure for resection. In addition, Cushing clearly understood the importance of proximal vascular control in approaching lesions with complex vascular involvement.     

中国北方美貌女性颅面骨三维测量数据库的建立

目的在已建立正常人颅面骨三维定量测量数据库的基础上,筛选出女性美貌人群,探求其颅面骨所蕴涵着的和谐比例规律。方法选择正常女性且美貌者170名,在正常牙尖交错位状态下行螺旋CT扫描,由工作站进行颅面骨三维重建,使用三维测量软件对颅面骨三维影像结构进行三维测量。将测量的线距、角度、比值等数据以SPSS软件为基础制作动态数据库。结果在动态数据库中,可以由计算机自动计算任意例数组的平均数、标准差、标准误、中位数、变异系数和95%的可信区间,可求出任意两组数据的的比值和任意几组数据的相关关系,回归方程。美貌女性下颌角宽度的多元逐步回归方程:Y=0.578X1 0.754X2 0.228X3-0.579X4-14.672;颧面宽:Y=0.775X1 0.161X2 0.348X3 0.201X4 27.730。本数据库显示:下颌角宽与颧面宽比值95%的可信区间0.633～0.712,颧面宽与面高比值95%的可信区间0.743～0.780,颏角与下颌角的角度比值95%的可信区间0.485～0.549,前鼻棘到上颌中切牙切缘距离与下颌中切牙切缘到颏下点的距离的比值均数为0.621,接近黄金分割0.618。结论涉及下颌骨的线距和角度的变异系数大于上颌骨大于颅底,下颌骨的变异程度较大,数据比值的标准差远小于数据范围的标准差。本数据库有助于对面部骨轮廓美容整形手术的术前设计和手术术式的选择提供参考,特别是计算出美貌人群颅面骨各个部位线距、角度的比例,有助于对美貌人群颅面骨正常发育过程进行形态学研究提供量化分析依据。     

Melorheostosis of the thumb and trapezium bone

Melorheostosis of the hand is rare. We report a 28-year-old woman with persistent pain associated with a slowly growing mass on the dorsum of the right thumb. The radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were used to examine characteristic of melorheostosis involving the trapezium bone, first metacarpal, and proximal phalange. The lesions underwent a surgical debulking of the hyperostotic cortex and a cortical fenestration.