rr－烯醇化酶单克隆抗体双位点夹心ELISA的建立和临床应用

在自制的８株烯醇化酶（ＮＳＥ）ＭｃＡｂ中，经方阵排列滴定筛选出无交叉反应且效价较高的２株ＭｃＡｂ，用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）为标记物，建立了ＮＳＥ－ＭｃＡｂ双位点夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ。经直线回归方程、取代试验、阻断试验检验，该标准曲线近似直线关系，可测定标本中ＮＳＥ的范围为５～５０μｇ／Ｌ。对２３例小细胞肺癌（ＳＣＬＣ）（Ⅰ和Ⅱ期４例、Ⅲ期７例、Ⅳ期１２例）．３２例非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ），２２例肺良性疾病（ＢＰＤ）和３６例健康体检者血清ＮＳＥ进行了测定，ＳＣＬＣ的阳性率为８２．６％（１９／２３），其中Ⅰ和Ⅱ期为５０％（２／４）；Ⅲ期为８５．７％（６／７），Ⅳ期为９１．７％（１１／１２）；ＮＳＣＬＣ的阳性率为３．１％（１／３２），ＢＰＤ阳性率为４．５％（１／２２）。ＳＣＬＣ的显著高于ＮＳＣＬＣ和ＢＰＤ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＳＣＬＣ的Ⅳ和Ⅲ期显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２３例ＳＣＬＣ经综合治疗后，完全缓解组和部份缓解组血清ＮＳＥ水平非常显著低于进展组和无改变组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文研究结果证明，ＮＳＥＭｃＡｂ双位点夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ具有灵敏、特异和简便快速的特点，对ＳＣＬＣ的血清学诊断有较高的灵敏度和特异性，对ＳＣ     

HBcAg/HBeAg对慢性乙型肝炎患者PBMC中Th1/Th2类细胞应答的影响

目的 探讨ＨＢｃＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ对慢性乙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣ中Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２类细胞应答的影响。方法 用套式ＰＣＲ法检测６４便慢性ＨＢＶ感染者ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＶＢ ＤＮＡ;分别用ＰＨＡ、ＨＢｃＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ体外培养;ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＰＢＭＣ产生Ｔｈ１类细胞因子（ＩＬ－２、ＩＦＮ－γ）和Ｔｈ２类细胞因子（ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－１０）的含量。结果 表明ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性组和阴性组相比,无论是在ＰＨＡ还是在ＨＢｃＡ     

原发性肺癌的神经风分泌分化及临床意义

选择３２例放疗、化疗后具有完整随访资料的肺癌患者，对其支气管镜活检标本应用，神经牧民性烯醇化酶（ＮＳＥ）、铬粒素Ａ（ＣＣＧＨ－Ａ）、癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）、角蛋白（Ｋ）进行免疫组化ＡＢＣ法染色。结果，小细胞肺癌（ＳＬＣ）ＮＳＥ和（或）ＣＧＨ－Ａ阳性率（６／１４）４４．４％。阳性者中位生存时间（２１月）长于阴性者（１２月）。非小细胞肺癌中（ＮＳＣＬＣ）中亦有２／１８例ＮＳＥ阳性，其生存时间短于阴性者中位     

一株A/PR/8/34(H1N1)类似毒株基因特性的进一步研究

目的 通过病毒粒７个不同ＲＮＡ节段核苷酸序列测定和分析,进一步排除Ａ／广东／６／９１（Ｈ１Ｎ１）毒株由实验室污染而来,它与Ａ／ＰＲ／８７／３４（Ｈ１Ｎ１）毒株基因组间有哪些ＲＮＡ节段存在有差异。同时它是否是一株基因重配株？方法 病毒粒ＲＮＡ经逆转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,经聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增,产物纯化,采用双脱氧链末端终止法进行核苷酸序列测定。结果 所比较的７个不同ＲＮＡ节段中,测定毒株ＲＮＡ６和７     

B7／CD28和ICAM—1／LFA—1共刺激信号对T及B细胞功？…

目的 研究共刺激途径Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８和ＩＣＡＭ－１／ＬＦＡ－１对Ｔ细胞活化以及Ｂ细胞效应的作用。方法 在体外建立ＡＰＣ：Ｔ：Ｂ细胞反应系统,用Ｂ７－１单抗和ＩＣＡＭ－１单抗分别阻断Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８和ＩＣＡＭ－１／ＬＦＡ－１共刺激途径,利用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ法检测Ｔ细胞增殖,ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定Ｂ细胞分泌的杭体,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法检测细胞因子基因的表达。结果 Ｂ７－１单抗和ＩＣＡＭ－１单坑均可抑制Ｔ细胞增殖及ＩＬ     

抗金黄色葡萄球菌C_1型肠毒素McAb的制备及初步应用

金葡菌Ｃ１型肠毒素免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞与Ｓｐ２／０小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合选出了能分泌高滴度ＭｃＡｂ的１８个克隆株，对其中１０株进行了鉴定，６株属ＩｇＧ１，４株属ＩｇＧ３。用双抗体夹心法和特异性中和抑制试验比较了ＭｃＡｂ和ＰｃＡｂ的敏感性和特异性，并用制备的ＭｃＡｂ诊断试剂对ＳＥＣＩ污染食品进行了检测应用，可特异检出ｌｕｇＳＥＣ１／０．５ｇ食物／ｍｌ。     

B7/CD28和ICAM-1/LFA-1共刺激信号对T及B细胞功能影响的研究

目的　研究共刺激途径Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８ 和ＩＣＡＭ１／ＬＦＡ１ 对Ｔ 细胞活化以及Ｂ 细胞效应的作用。方法　在体外建立ＡＰＣＴＢ 细胞反应系统, 用Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＩＣＡＭ１ 单抗分别阻断Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８ 和ＩＣＡＭ１／ＬＦＡ１ 共刺激途径, 利用３ ＨＴｄＲ 法检测Ｔ 细胞增殖,ＥＬＩＳＡ 法测定Ｂ 细胞分泌的抗体, 用ＲＴＰＣＲ 法检测细胞因子基因的表达。结果　Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＩＣＡＭ１ 单抗均可抑制Ｔ 细胞增殖及ＩＬ２ 的产生。Ｂ７１ 单抗可下调Ｂ 细胞抗体的产生（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） , 而ＩＣＡＭ１ 单抗未见明显的抑制（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＣｓＡ 联用能阻断Ｔ 细胞增殖活性及Ｂ 细胞的效应, 而ＩＣＡＭ１ 单抗和ＣｓＡ联用则无此作用。Ｂ７１ 单抗能下调ＩＬ２ 和ＩＦＮγｍ ＲＮＡ 表达,Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＣｓＡ 联用则阻断ＩＬ２ 和ＩＦＮγｍ ＲＮＡ 表达,ＩＬ４ 和ＩＬ１０ ｍ ＲＮＡ 仍可表达。结论　Ｂ７／ＣＤ２８ 和ＩＣＡＭ１／ＬＦＡ１ 共刺激途径在Ｔ 细胞活化中具有不同的作用,Ｂ７１ 单抗和ＣｓＡ 联用可导致Ｔ 细胞功能失活即无能。     

抗金黄色葡萄球菌C1型肠毒素McAb的制备及初步应用

金葡菌Ｃ１型肠毒素免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞与Ｓｐ２／０小鼠骨髓细胞融合选出了能分泌高滴度ＭｃＡｂ的１８个克隆株，对其中１０株进行了鉴定，６档属ＩｇＧ１，４株属ＩｇＧ３。用双抗体夹心法和特异性中和抑制试验比较了ＭｃＡｂ和ＰｃＡｂ的敏感性的特异检出１ｎｇ ＳＥＣ１／０．５ｇ食物／ｍｌ。     

ICAM-1抗体诱导小鼠胸腺上皮细胞分泌IL-6

目的研究胸腺细胞和ＩＣＡＭ－１抗体对胸腺上皮细胞分泌ＩＬ－６的作用。方法用促ＩＬ－６依赖株增殖法检测ＩＬ－６活性，用原位杂交法检测ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果不同的胸腺细胞亚群均能促进ＭＴＥＣ１分泌ＩＬ－６，而且作用无明显差异。ＩＣＡＭ－１抗体能够促进ＭＴＥＣ１分泌ＩＬ－６，其促进作用呈剂量依赖关系。放线菌酮预处理ＭＴＥＣ１以后，ＩＣＡＭ－１抗体和胸腺细胞均不再能促进ＭＴＥＣ１分泌ＩＬ－６。原位杂交证实，经胸腺细胞和ＩＣＡＭ－１抗体活化后，ＭＴＥＣ１表达ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ明显增多，并且表达ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ的ＭＴＥＣ１数量也增多。提示胸腺细胞和ＩＣＡＭ－１抗体能促进ＭＴＥＣ１合成新的蛋白和ｍＲ－ＮＡ。结论胸腺微环境内，胸腺细胞可以通过粘附分子与胸腺上皮细胞相互作用，并可促进胸腺上皮细胞分泌ＩＬ－６。     

应用RT/PCR技术检测急性粒细胞白血病M2型AML1/ETO融合基因转录本的研究

目的：搪塞检测ＡＭＬ１－ＥＴＯ融合转录本在ｔ（８;２１）急性粒细胞白血病Ｍ２型「Ｍ２／ｔ（８;２１」的临床诊断和预后判断中的意义。方法：用半筑巢式逆录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ／ＰＣＲ）技术检测ＡＭＬ１／ＥＴＯ融合基因转录本,应用ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ技术及限制性内切酶技术检测ＰＣＲ产物的特生。结果：在１９例ＡＭ加共检出１０例存在ＡＭＬ１／ＥＴＯ融合基因转录本,阳性率为５２．６％,２例ＭＤＳ中１例为阳性     

卵巢癌PTEN基因失活机制的探讨

目的　旨在从DNA、mRNA及蛋白水平,探讨卵巢癌PTEN基因的失活机制。方法　48例卵巢癌标本,应用位于染色体10q23 3的4个多态性标记(D10s541、D10s583、D10s1687和D10s2491),采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及杂合性缺失分析法,检测了PTEN杂合性缺失(LOH);采用聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性分析法(PCR SSCP)检测了PTEN第5、第6、第7和第8外显子的突变;采用逆转录(RT) PCR及免疫组织化学技术检测了PTENmRNA及蛋白的表达。结果　39 6%(19 /48)的卵巢癌存在PTEN基因的LOH, PTEN突变率仅为4 2% (2 /48),PTENmRNA表达缺失率为18 8% (9 /48),蛋白表达缺失率达27 1% (13 /48)。PTEN蛋白表达缺失的病例,LOH的发生率69 2% (9 /13)高于表达阳性者的28 6% (10 /35),差异有统计学意义(P<0 05 )。13例PTEN蛋白表达缺失的病例中,仅有2例( 15 4% )同时有突变和LOH,即存在双等位基因的结构异常; 7例(53 8% )有LOH,其中5例PTENmRNA表达缺失,另2例表达正常; 4例( 30 8% )既无突变也无LOH,其中2例PTENmRNA表达缺失,另2例表达正常。结论　PTEN基因失活在卵巢癌的发病中可能起一定的作用,其失活可能存在多种机制,蛋白表达缺失可能是重要的失活机制。     

A study of myc-related gene expression in small cell lung cancer by in situ hybridization.

The expression of myc-related genes (c-myc, N-myc, and L-myc) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was studied by RNA-RNA tissue in situ hybridization. The tissues investigated included cytospins of ten cell lines derived from patients with SCLC, four corresponding nude mouse xenografts from cell lines, and metastatic tumor tissue obtained by surgical biopsy and at autopsy. The probes were prepared as 35S labeled complementary RNA. The expression of each gene was demonstrated specifically by autoradiography in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cell samples. The average levels of oncogene expression in each specimen corroborated previous data obtained by Northern blot assays. In addition, heterogeneity in gene expression from cell to cell in each sample was noted. This study represents the first attempt to demonstrate oncogene expression in lung cancer cell lines and tissues in situ, and confirms that the expression of these myc related genes can be seen in the primary tumor. The technique of RNA-RNA tissue in situ hybridization has great potential in answering fundamental questions of tumor cell heterogeneity and progression in SCLC. It should be useful in both prospective and retrospective studies.     

Clinicopathological significance of PTEN and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway in non-small cell lung cancer

A high frequency of mutations at the PTEN locus has been noticed in carcinoma of lung. However, the role of PTEN alternations and its association with outcome variables in the genesis of lung carcinoma are not understood fully. The purpose of our study was to examine the impact of EGFR, TGF-α, P-AKT and PTEN in the genesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Total numbers of 66 histopathologically confirmed cases of NSCLC and 10 cases of benign control samples embedded with wax were studied. We assessed EGFR, TGF-α and P-AKT by the use of specific antibody through immunohistochemistry as directed by the manufacturer, and detected PTEN expression by in situ hybridization. There were progressive loss of PTEN expression and significant increasing in EGFR, TGF-α, P-AKT expression from benign samples to NSCLC (p<0.05). The overexpression of EGFR, TGF-α, P-AKT and loss of PTEN expression were correlated to differentiation extent of cancer tissue, metastasis of lymph nodes and histological classification. Thus, alteration of EGFR, TGF-α, P-AKT and PTEN are likely important molecular events in pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of NSCLC.     

Frequent loss of PTEN expression is linked to elevated phosphorylated Akt levels, but not associated with p27 and cyclin D1 expression, in primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas

PTEN (MMAC1/TEP1), a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome subband 10q23.3, is variably mutated and/or deleted in a variety of human cancers. Germline mutations in PTEN, which encode a dual-specificity phosphatase, have been implicated in at least two hamartoma tumor syndromes that exhibit some clinical overlap, Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome. Among several series of ovarian cancers, the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of markers flanking and within PTEN, is approximately 30 to 50%, and the somatic intragenic PTEN mutation frequency is <10%. In this study, we screened primary adenocarcinomas of the ovary for LOH of polymorphic markers within and flanking the PTEN gene and for intragenic mutations of the PTEN gene and compared them to PTEN expression using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we sought to detect the expression of the presumed downstream targets of PTEN, such as P-Akt, p27, and cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry. LOH at 10q23 was observed in 29 of 64 (45%) cases. Of the 117 samples, 6 somatic intragenic PTEN mutations, 1 germline mutation, and 1 novel polymorphism were found in 7 (6%) patients. Immunostaining of 49 ovarian cancer samples revealed that 13 (27%) were PTEN immunostain-negative, 25 (51%) had reduced staining, and the rest (22%) were PTEN expression-positive. Among the 44 informative tumors assessed for 10q23 LOH and PTEN immunostaining, there was an association between 10q23 LOH and decreased or absent staining (P = 0.0317). Of note, there were five (11%) tumors with neither mutation nor deletion that exhibited no PTEN expression and 10 (25%) others without mutation or deletion but had decreased PTEN expression. Among the 49 tumors available for immunohistochemistry, 28 (57%) showed P-Akt-positive staining, 24 (49%) had decreased p27 staining, and cyclin D1 was overexpressed in 35 (79%) cases. In general, P-Akt expression was inversely correlated with PTEN expression (P = 0.0083). These data suggest that disruption of PTEN by several mechanisms, allelic loss, intragenic mutation, or epigenetic silencing, all contribute to epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis, and that epigenetic silencing is a significant mechanism. The Akt pathway is prominently involved, but clearly not in all cases. Surprisingly, despite in vitro demonstration that p27 and cyclin D1 lies downstream of PTEN and Akt, there was no correlation between p27 and cyclin D1 expression and PTEN or P-Akt status. Thus, in vivo, although PTEN and Akt play a prominent role in ovarian carcinogenesis, p27 and cyclin D1 might not be the primary downstream targets. Alternatively, these observations could also suggest that pathways involving other than Akt, p27 and cyclin D1 that lie downstream of PTEN play roles in ovarian carcinogenesis.     

PTEN gene loss, but not mutation, in benign and malignant phaeochromocytomas

Mutations of the 'phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10' (PTEN/MMAC1) gene have been associated with a variety of human cancers, including prostate cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma. The gene is thought to be one of the most frequently mutated tumour suppressor genes and inactivation of PTEN is associated with disease progression and angiogenesis. High vascularization and resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy are two well-established features of phaeochromocytomas (PCCs). Furthermore, benign and malignant PCCs are found in several PTEN knockout mouse models. This study therefore evaluated whether inactivation of PTEN may be involved in the tumourigenesis of PCC in man and whether PTEN abnormalities may help to define the malignant potential of these tumours. Tumour and germline DNA was analysed from 31 patients with apparently sporadic PCC, including 14 clinically benign and 17 malignant tumours, for loss of the PTEN gene locus, mutations in the PTEN gene, and for PTEN protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis showed loss of PTEN in four malignant tumours (40%) and in one benign tumour (14%). However, no mutations of PTEN were observed. Immunohistochemistry showed no correlation with clinical behaviour and/or LOH status. The results indicate that inactivation of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene may play a minor role in the development of malignant phaeochromocytomas.     

Allelic loss detected on chromosomes 8, 10, and 17 by fluorescence in situ hybridization using single-copy P1 probes on isolated nuclei from paraffin-embedded prostate tumors.

We have implemented a reliable new technique for preparing isolated prostate cancer nuclei from paraffin-embedded tissue sections followed by analysis with single-copy fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our initial validation is described by comparison of our data with fresh prostate tumor tissue and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies. We also describe evaluation of 36 previously unstudied prostate cancer patients. Fifteen archival samples were selected from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in which direct FISH and LOH data were available. Isolated nuclei were prepared and allelic loss was detected on 17q using a single-copy DNA (P1 phage) probe by FISH. A high (80%) concordance was found when comparing isolated nuclei data with 17q results from fresh preparations and LOH studies. We also examined loss at sites on 8p, 10q, and 17q in samples from 36 patients for whom clinical information was available. Loss was found at any of the three loci in 32/36 (89%) of the specimens with specific loss in 53% of the cases at the 8p locus, 33% at the 10q locus, and 61% at the 17q locus. Studies indicate that, as well as providing potential clinical information, isolated nuclei preparations are as reliable as fresh tissue for single-copy FISH studies.     

Gain of a region on 7p22.3, containing MAD1L1, is the most frequent event in small-cell lung cancer cell lines

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive lung neoplasm, which accounts for 20% of yearly lung cancer cases. The lack of knowledge of the progenitor cell type for SCLC precludes the definition of a normal gene expression profile and has hampered the identification of gene expression changes, while the low resolution of conventional genomic screens such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and loss of heterozygosity analysis limit our ability to fine-map genetic alterations. The recent advent of whole genome tiling path array CGH enables profiling of segmental DNA copy number gains and losses at a resolution 100 times that of conventional methods. Here we report the analysis of 14 SCLC cell lines and six matched normal B-lymphocyte lines. We detected 7p22.3 copy number gain in 13 of the 14 SCLC lines and 0 of the 6 matched normal lines. In 4 of the 14 cell lines, this gain is present as a 350 kbp gene specific copy number gain centered at MAD1L1 (the human homologue of the yeast gene MAD1). Fluorescence in situ hybridization validated the array CGH finding. Intriguingly, MAD1L1 has been implicated to have tumor-suppressing functions. Our data suggest a more complex role for this gene, as MAD1L1 is the most frequent copy number gain in SCLC cell lines.     

Nuclear A-type lamins are differentially expressed in human lung cancer subtypes.

Nuclear A-type and B-type lamin expression was investigated in the major human lung cancer subtypes: small cell lung cancer (SCLC), squamous cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas (both non-SCLC). Twenty-two human lung cancer cell lines and 46 fresh frozen human lung cancer specimens were examined. Expression of B-type lamins was found in all the different cell lines. A-type lamins were expressed in all non-SCLC cell lines but were absent or only weakly expressed in 14 out of 16 SCLC cell lines. The immunocytochemical results were confirmed by immunoblotting and Northern blot analyses. In sections of SCLCs and non-SCLCs, B-type lamins were found to be expressed in all tumors. However, in some non-SCLCs, particularly in adenocarcinomas, a considerable proportion of the tumor cells were negative for B-type lamins. A-type lamin expression in SCLCs was weakly positive or negative in 14 out of 15 cases. In contrast, all non-SCLCs displayed A-type lamins, but in several of these samples, both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was observed.     

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated lung cancers show chromosomal aberrations differing from primary lung cancer

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients have an increased risk of certain secondary cancers, the most common of which are lung cancers, especially small cell lung cancer. To reveal the molecular pathogenesis underlying CTCL-associated lung cancer, we analyzed genomic aberrations in CTCL-associated and reference lung cancer samples. DNA derived from microdissected lung cancer cells of five CTCL-associated lung cancers and five reference lung cancers without CTCL association was analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis were performed for selected genes. In CTCL-associated lung cancer, CGH revealed chromosomal aberrations characterizing both lung cancer and CTCL, but also losses of 1p, and 19, and gains of 4q and 7, hallmarks of CTCL. LOH for the CTCL-associated NAV3 gene was detected in two of the four informative primary lung cancers. FISH revealed increased copy number of the KIT gene in 3/4 of CTCL-associated lung cancers and 1/5 of primary lung cancers. PDGFRA and VEGFR2 copy numbers were also increased. IHC showed moderate KIT expression when the gene copy number was increased. CTCL-associated lung cancer shows chromosomal aberrations different from primary lung cancer, especially amplifications of 4q, a chromosome arm frequently deleted in the latter tumor type. Copy numbers and expression of selected genes in chromosome 4 differed between CTCL-associated and reference lung cancers. These preliminary observations warrant further prospective studies to identify the common underlying factors between CTCL and CTCL-associated lung cancer.