水通道蛋白4 RNA干扰对爆炸伤后脑水肿的影响

目的 研究水通道蛋白4 RNA干扰(aquaporin4 RNA interference,AQP4 RNAi)对爆炸伤后脑水肿的影响.方法 Wistar成年大鼠150只.按随机数字表法分为爆炸伤组、爆炸伤前RNAi组、爆炸伤后RNAi组、单纯RNAi组、假手术组(n=30).构建特异性抑制AQP4表达的短发夹环质粒载体AQP4 RNAi pGenSil-2,分别在伤前7 d和伤后1 h采用右侧脑室给药的方法 抑制AQP4的表达,右侧颞顶部开直径为1 cm的骨窗后用80 mg TNT当量电雷管在5 cm垂直距离爆炸,分别于伤后4、12 h,1、2、5、7 d对损伤区脑组织光、电镜病理形态、AQP4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及脑含水量进行比较.结果 爆炸伤前RNAi组、爆炸伤后RNAi组大鼠星形胶质细胞和神经元水肿的范围和程度均低于爆炸伤组;在爆炸伤后4 h,爆炸伤组、伤前RNAi组和伤后RNAi组相比,损伤区脑含水量差异不显著(P＞0.05);12 h至7 d,同一时间点爆炸伤前、后进行AQP4 RNAi组大鼠脑含水量均明显低于只行爆炸致伤而未进行AQP4 RNAi组大鼠(P＜0.01).伤前RNAi组损伤区脑含水量在伤后12 h达高峰,伤后RNAi组损伤区脑含水量伤后1 d达高峰,爆炸伤组脑含水量于伤后2 d达高峰.伤前和伤后RNAi组最高脑含水量明显低于爆炸伤组最高脑含水量(P＜0.01).伤前RNAi组最高脑含水量低于伤后RNAi组最高脑含水量(P＜0.01).结论 采用AQP4 RNAi的方法可明显减轻爆炸伤后脑水肿.AQP4可能对爆炸伤早期(4 h内)脑水肿的形成过程影响较小,而后期的脑水肿加重过程可能和AQP4表达增高有关.     

大黄素对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺细胞凋亡的干预作用

目的 探讨大黄素对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺组织细胞凋亡的干预作用及机制。 方法 采用逆行胰胆管注射牛磺胆酸法进行造模,模型大鼠随机分入对照组、大黄素低剂量组、大黄素中剂量组和大黄素高剂量组;各组再随机编入3 h、6 h、12 h和24 h等4个时相点进行标本留置。检测血清淀粉酶、血清总钙和胰腺组织病理评分;应用DNA断裂的原位末端标记(TUNEL)法测定细胞凋亡并计算凋亡指数,免疫印迹法检测胰腺组织Notch-1、Hes-1和Hes-5蛋白表达情况。 结果 大黄素治疗组的血清淀粉酶均较模型对照组显著降低(P<0.01),血清总钙水平则均较模型对照组显著增高(P<0.05)。大黄素中剂量组和高剂量组胰腺病理评分均较模型对照组明显改善(P<0.01),高剂量组改善最显著。治疗各组的胰腺细胞凋亡指数在不同时间点均较模型对照组有不同程度升高,高剂量组效果最显著,低剂量组与模型对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗各组的Notch-1蛋白表达量均较模型对照组增加,中剂量组和高剂量组效果相对显著(P<0.05)。大黄素高剂量组Hes-1蛋白表达量显著高于模型对照组(P<0.05)、低剂量组(P<0.05)和中剂量组(P<0.05)。大黄素中剂量组和高剂量组Hes-5蛋白表达量均显著高于模型对照组(P<0.05),且高剂量组蛋白表达量较低剂量组显著增加(P<0.05)。 结论 SAP时大黄素可以通过促进胰腺局部细胞凋亡而减轻胰腺炎反应,Notch-1/Hes信号通路是大黄素调控胰腺局部细胞凋亡的重要途径。      

氦氖激光与电针穴位疗法对新生鼠脑缺血缺氧后海马神经元存活的影响

目的：探讨氦氖激光穴位照射与电针穴位刺激2种疗法对新生鼠脑缺血缺氧后海马神经元存活的影响。方法：58只新生Wistar大鼠随机分为4组：假手术组(n=10)、缺血缺氧组(n=16)、缺血缺氧后氦氖激光穴位照射组(激光组，n=16)和缺血缺氧后电针穴位刺激组(电针组，n=16)。制作左半球缺血缺氧模型，激光组和电针组均选择“大椎”和“百会”穴分别给予氦氖激光照射与电针刺激，常规饲养22d后取脑组织切片，HE、Nissl染色以及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)免疫组织化学染色。结果：①缺血缺氧组海马存活神经元数目减少，尼氏体明显减少并脱颗粒；BDNF免疫阳性细胞增多，ChAT免疫阳性细胞减少；②激光组和电针组海马存活神经元增多，尼氏体增多；且脱颗粒缓解，BDNF免疫阳性神经元数和ChAT免疫阳性神经元数目增多；③激光组海马神经元存活数目、BDNF和ChAT免疫阳性细胞数目增多，较电针组更为显著。结论：氦氖激光穴位照射和电针穴位刺激对缺血缺氧后脑组织有保护作用，对神经元的存活、发育以及机能具有促进作用；氦氖激光穴位照射效应较电针穴位刺激为强，推测氦氖激光除与电针共有的膜生物效应外，可能兼有改善受损神经元某些修复酶的作用。     

脐血间充质干细胞治疗大鼠脑缺血性损伤的实验研究

目的探讨脐血间充质干细胞(UCB-MSCs)移植对大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型大鼠神经功能恢复的治疗效果及其作用机制。方法 MCAO模型大鼠随机分为实验组(n=20)和对照组(n=10),实验组大鼠经尾静脉输入经BrdU(5-溴脱氧核苷尿嘧啶)标记的UCB-MSCs,对照组尾静脉注射等量PBS,分别对大鼠神经功能缺损情况进行评分,并测定大鼠梗死灶体积,计数脑组织中BrdU阳性细胞、BrdU/NSE(神经元特异性烯醇化酶)、BrdU/GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)双阳性细胞。结果移植UCB-MSCs可有效降低MCAO大鼠神经功能缺损评分,减少大鼠脑梗死灶体积,并且实验组大鼠脑缺血区及周围组织中可检测到BrdU阳性细胞,及少量BrdU/NSE、BrdU/GFAP双阳性细胞。结论移植的UCB-MSCs能逐渐向MCAO大鼠脑缺血区及周围迁移,并可分化为神经元细胞及神经胶质细胞,促进脑缺血性大鼠神经功能恢复。     

重组人促红细胞生成素对感染性休克大鼠脑组织的保护作用

目的 研究重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO)对感染性休克(septic shock,SS)大鼠脑组织的保护作用.方法 将健康雄性Vistar大鼠36只按随机数字表法分为正常对照组(n=12)、感染性休克组(n=12)、rhEPO治疗组(n=12),每组再分成2个时间点(6、12 h),各时间点6只.感染性休克组和rhEPO治疗组以尾静脉注射内毒素(LPS)5 mg·kg-1制备感染性休克模型,rhEPO治疗组在出现休克症状时立刻腹腔注射rhEPO 5 000 U·kg-1;正常对照组大鼠给予等量生理盐水.术后各组各时间点大鼠分批腹腔麻醉后行眼球摘除术采血及断头取脑组织:取血清行NSE检测、脑组织匀浆行NO检测;提取右半侧脑组织海马区进行病理切片,行HE染色和TUNEL染色检查.结果 与正常对照组比较,感染性休克组脑海马CA1区神经元损伤明显,可见大量TUNEL阳性细胞,NO、NSE含量显著升高(均P＜0.01);rhEPO治疗组TUNEL阳性细胞和NO、NSE含量较感染性休克组明显降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 rhEPO可减轻感染性休克时脑组织损伤及海马区神经元细胞的凋亡,其机制可能与抑制NO的过量生成有关.     

补肾填精益髓法对脑出血大鼠模型NSE和GFAP影响

目的:研究补肾填精益髓法对脑出血大鼠胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的影响。方法:125只SD大鼠随机分为5组,分别为假手术组、模型组、中药组、西药组、中西药联合组,各组25只,采用立体定向仪自体血注入法制作大鼠脑出血模型,各治疗组分别灌服相应中药浓缩液及吡拉西坦片浓缩液,各组于造模成功后24 h、治疗第7、14、21、28天各处死5只大鼠,采用免疫法测大鼠脑组织尼氏小体变化及GFAP表达,酶联免疫法检测大鼠血清NSE含量。结果:造模24 h后模型组尼氏小体数量减少、脑组织GFAP表达较假手术组显著增高(P0.01),表明造模成功。治疗开始后与模型组相比,西药组、中西药联合组大鼠血清NSE浓度及脑组织GFAP表达在治疗第14天开始显著下降(P0.01);中药组大鼠血清NSE在治疗第14天开始显著下降(P0.01),脑组织GFAP表达在第28天显著下降(P0.01)。与中药组相比,西药组、中西药联合组大鼠血清NSE浓度及脑组织GFAP表达均在治疗第14天开始显著下降(P0.05)。与西药组相比,中西药联合组在治疗第28天大鼠血清NSE浓度及脑组织GFAP表达显著下降(P0.05)。结论:补肾填精益髓法可显著降低脑出血大鼠模型血清NSE浓度及脑组织GFAP蛋白表达,中西药联合治疗效果优于单独中药或西药治疗。     

内毒素结合肽在烧伤合并内毒素血症大鼠模型中的作用

目的　观察重组人内毒素结合肽蛋白在烧伤合并内毒素血症大鼠中的作用。方法　采用烧伤合并内毒素血症大鼠模型 ,分为模型组 (n =3 6)、治疗组 (n =3 6)及对照组 (n =6)。模型组在烧伤后立即腹腔内注射 1mg/kg内毒素(用 1ml生理盐水配制 ) ;治疗组腹腔内注射 1mg/kg内毒素 (用 0 5ml生理盐水配制 )后 ,再注入 40 0 μg/kg制备好的内毒素结合肽 (用 0 5ml生理盐水配制 ) ;模型组和治疗组分别在处理后 1、3、6、12、2 4、48h取血和肝、肺组织 ,对照组仅在脱毛后腹腔内注入 1ml生理盐水 ,取血和肝、肺组织作总体对照。采用生化速率法、ELISA法及组织学切片染色和电镜制样等方法 ,测定血清中丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、白介素 6(IL 6)的含量变化以及光、电镜观察肝、肺组织的病理学变化。结果　模型组于伤后 1h血清TNFα显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,6h达峰值 ;治疗组与模型组比较各时相点血清TNFα含量均显著降低 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。血清IL 6含量测定结果 ,模型组于伤后 1h血清IL 6显著高于对照组(P <0 0 1) ,12h达峰值。治疗组 3～ 48h各时相点血清IL 6含量均显著低于模型组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶的动态变化提示 ,模型组大鼠血清ALT水平较正常组显     

大黄素对小鼠动脉粥样硬化模型的干预研究

目的 观察大黄素对小鼠动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型血脂、血清炎性因子等的影响,评价大黄素在降脂和抗动脉粥样硬化方面的作用.方法 将60只雄性apoE-/-小鼠适应性饲养1周后,随机分为模型组(n=15)和大黄素组(n=45),大黄素组又随机分为高剂量组(1200 mg/kg·d)、中剂量组(900 mg/kg·d)和低剂量组(600 mg/kg·d)三个亚组,每组15只.正常对照组给予普通颗粒饲料;模型组给予高胆固醇饲料(0.25％胆固醇+15％脂肪),大黄素组给予高胆固醇饲料+大黄素,喂养12周处死.处死前动物称量体重、血脂检测、血清炎性因子检测.结果 12周末模型组小鼠体重增加显著高于大黄素高剂量组(P＜0.05);大黄素治疗组TC水平均显著降低(P＜0.05～0.01),且药物的作用呈现明显的剂量依赖性(P＜0.05);三个大黄素治疗组hsCRP水平和Fib浓度均显著降低(P＜0.05～0.01),且中剂量组和低剂量组均显著高于高剂量组.结论 大黄素对AS的发生具有全面的干预作用.     

雷公藤多甙对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎核因子-κB和IL-2的影响

目的探讨雷公藤多甙(TWP)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)Lewis大鼠核因子-κB(NF-κB P65)和IL-2的影响。方法雄性Lewis大鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=10)、TWP治疗组(n=10)及模型组(n=10)。用髓鞘蛋白(MBP)免疫雄性Lewis大鼠制作EAE模型。观察TWP对大鼠发病率、神经功能评分、发病时间和组织病理改变的影响,采用免疫组织化学法检测发病急性期脑组织NF-κB表达的情况,ELISA法检测血浆中IL-2的水平。结果与EAE模型组相比,TWP治疗组神经功能评分降低(3.36±0.64 vs 2.10±0.43,P<0.05),但发病率无明显差异,平均发病时间推迟[(10.13±0.76)d vs(12.22±0.81)d,P<0.05],脑和脊髓的病灶数目也减少(26.21±0.72 vs 12.41±0.56,P<0.05),血清中IL-2的含量减少[(62.56±8.53)pg/ml vs(41.46±6.56)pg/ml,P<0.05],脑组织NF-κB P65阳性细胞数减少(72.46±2.41 vs 32.56±1.56,P<0.05)。结论 TWP能有效干预Lewis大鼠EAE的发病,改善病理变化,其机制可能与下调NF-κB及IL-2表达有关。     

内质网应激在脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤中的作用*

目的:研究内质网应激与脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的关系.方法:35只雄性SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为假手术组(n=7)和模型组(n=28),模型组下设2、6、12、24 h 四个时相点,每个时相点7只.采用自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血CK-MB及cTnI水平.采用HE染色检测心肌损伤情况,免疫组化技术检测心肌组织ERS标志物GRP78蛋白表达.结果:(1)模型组大鼠6、12、24 h血清CK-MB及cTnI均较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);各时相点病理改变明显;(2)心肌组织中GRP78蛋白表达在2 h即较对照组升高,并呈逐渐增加趋势(P<0.05);(3)GRP78表达与心肌损伤具有显著正相关(r=0.711,P<0.05).也与血清cTnI水平呈显著正相关(r=0.612,P<0.05).结论:脓毒症启动了ERS,并且ERS与心肌损伤、血cTnI水平呈正相关关系.ERS可能在脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤中起重要作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.