翼状胬肉切除术前与术后角膜变化的研究

目的:研究不同翼状胬肉切除手术前后患者术眼散光度及OrbscanⅡ角膜前后表面Diff值及角膜最陡经线屈光力的变化规律。方法:对20例23眼原发性翼状胬肉患者随机分为两组,行胬肉切除联合术中应用0.2g/LMMC者11例13眼为A组,行胬肉切除联合角膜缘干细胞10眼为B组,术前、术后1wk及术后1mo分别行OrbscanⅡ角膜地形图仪检查,记录术前术后角膜前表面Diff值,角膜后表面Diff值,术前最陡经线上屈光度及术前后角膜散光度的变化,并进行统计学分析。结果:A组、B组术后1wk,1mo的角膜前表面Diff值、最陡经线上屈光度、散光度比术前均有明显下降,差异均存在相关性(P<0.05);而两组相比,术后1wk,1mo的角膜前表面Diff值,术前最陡经线上屈光度及手术前后角膜散光度的变化,A组均比B组有明显下降,差异有显著性。两组术后1wk,1mo的角膜后表面Diff值与术前的差异无显著性差异。结论:经手术治疗,可以解除翼状胬肉对角膜的机械牵拉及压迫作用,降低散光,提高视力,手术中使用0.2g/LMMC简便可行,既可降低复发率,又能减轻术眼的角膜散光度,促进视力恢复。     

翼状胬肉切除联合角膜缘干细胞移植术对视力和屈光状态的影响

目的：：研究翼状胬肉切除联合角膜缘干细胞移植术对患者视力和屈光状态的影响。方法：将2012-03/2014-05期间我院收治的翼状胬肉患者120例178眼纳入研究对象,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组60例90眼和对照组60例88眼,观察组患者接受翼状胬肉切除联合角膜缘干细胞移植术治疗,对照组患者接受翼状胬肉切除术治疗,比较两组患者的视力水平、散光程度,分析年龄因素、工作环境以及内直肌止端距角膜缘距离对术后视力恢复情况的影响。结果：术前两组患者的视力水平、散光程度无差异(P>0.05);术后1,2,3,4wk时,观察组患眼视力高于对照组(0.49±0.09 vs 0.34±0.07,0.76±0.11 vs 0.42±0.04,0.95±0.14 vs 0.59±0.08,1.09±0.18 vs 0.74±0.10),散光程度低于对照组(0.96±0.12 vs 1.85±0.28,0.68±0.08 vs 1.51±0.23,0.54±0.08 vs 1.23±0.19,0.42±0.07 vs 0.91±0.14);年龄≧45岁、室内工作、内直肌止端距角膜缘距离3~5 mm患者的视力水平更高、散光程度更低。结论：翼状胬肉切除术联合角膜缘干细胞移植术治疗有助于改善视力水平和散光程度,且术后视力恢复情况受到年龄因素、工作环境以及内直肌止端距角膜缘距离的影响。     

翼状胬肉切除联合角膜干细胞移植术后配戴绷带镜的效果评价

目的：评价翼状胬肉切除联合角膜干细胞移植术后配戴绷带镜的临床效果。

方法：本研究为前瞻性分析,选择2015-08/2018-02入我院行翼状胬肉切除联合角膜干细胞移植术患者110例110眼,随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各55例55眼,对照组术后常规观察,观察组术后配戴绷带镜; 采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较术后1、3d,1wk的疼痛情况,采用荧光素钠染色法(FL)评估角膜上皮愈合情况及并发症发生率。

结果：观察组术后1、3d,1wk VAS评分和角膜上皮愈合评分均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：翼状胬肉切除联合角膜干细胞移植术后配戴绷带镜有较好的应用安全性和有效性,可减轻胬肉手术后疼痛,促进上皮愈合。     

不同位置角膜切口对白内障术后角膜散光和视力的影响

目的：探讨不同位置角膜切口对白内障术后角膜散光和视力的影响,提高白内障患者术后视觉质量。方法：选取行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的患者96例96眼,随机分为两组,各48例48眼,使其有可比性。 A组患者角膜切口选择右眼在颞上、左眼在鼻上。 B组角膜切口根据曲率检查选择在角膜最大子午线轴向。结果：两组患者术后1wk,1、3mo视力比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1wk,1mo时A组患者角膜散光度分别为4.03±0.41、3.72±0.35D,B组分别为2.96±0.38、1.29±0.15D,均较治疗前明显增高,且A组明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3mo时两组患者散光度均与术前差别不大,且两组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前两组患者散光轴向均以逆规最为常见,术后1 wk顺规性散光增多,明显多于术前,术前术后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),至术后1、3mo顺规性散光逐渐减少,逆规性散光逐渐增加,接近术前。两组患者不同时间角膜散光轴向比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：白内障超声乳化术透明角膜切口选择在角膜最大散光子午线方向可以有效减少术后早期散光度数,但是对于远期角膜散光影响不大,而且对患者视力影响不大。在条件允许的情况下,可以通过该方式制作角膜切口,但是考虑到手术复杂性提高,意义不大。     

纤维蛋白胶和缝线固定两种方法在翼状胬肉手术中的比较

目的:在翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘移植手术中,比较运用纤维蛋白胶和缝线固定两种方法的手术安全性和有效性。方法:采用前瞻性的研究。随机选取58例因鼻侧初发性翼状胬肉而进行手术的58只患眼。翼状胬肉切除后取位于颞上侧角膜缘处的自体结膜移植片以覆盖巩膜创口。58例眼分为两组,每组29例。翼状胬肉切除后,组1用纤维蛋白胶(Beriplast P)固定结膜,而组2采用8-0缝线固定结膜。术后观察患者≥6mo,对术后患者的不适感(疼痛、刺痛感、流泪)和显微镜下的检查(充血、水肿)进行评分,采用Mann-Whitney U法对两组间的差异进行统计学分析。结果:组1中有1例患者出现球结膜下出血,组2中有7例由于肉芽肿反应,于术后15d移除缝线。组1中患者的不适症状和显微镜下所见显著性优于组2。组1中有1例患者术后胬肉复发,组2中有2例复发。组1与组2比较,平均手术费用较高但手术时间明显缩短,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:翼状胬肉切除后,运用纤维蛋白胶固定植片能显著地减少患者术后的疼痛,并有效地缩短手术时间。     

Comparison of fibrin glue and suture technique in pterygium surgery performed with limbal autograft

AIM: To compare the efficiency and safety of fibrin glue to suture technique in pterygium surgery performed with limbal autograft. METHODS: A prospective randomised clinical trial was carried out in 58 eyes of 58 patients operated for primary nasal pterygium. Autologous conjunctival graft taken from the superotemporal limbus was used to cover the sclera after pterygium excision. In 29 eyes, the transplant was attached to the sclera with a fibrin tissue adhesive (Beriplast P) and in 29 eyes with 8-0 Virgin silk sutures. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Postoperative patient discomfort (pain, stinging, watering) and biomicroscopic findings (hyperemia, edema) were graded. Patients were followed up at least for six months. RESULTS: Subconjunctival hemorrhage occured under the graft in one patient in group 1. In seven cases of group 2, sutures were removed at the 15th day because of granulomatous tissue reaction. Patient symptoms were significantly less and biomicroscopic findings were better in group 1. Pterygium recurrence was seen in one case of group 1, and 2 cases of group 2. Average surgery cost was higher (P<0.05) and surgery time was shorter (P<0.05) in fibrin group. CONCLUSION: Using fibrin glue for graft fixation in pterygium surgery causes significantly less postoperative pain and shortens surgery time significantly.     

LASIK术后角膜地形图的变化及临床效果的分析

目的:探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视后角膜地形图的变化,并对其疗效、安全性和术后并发症等方面进行观察。方法:对60例(112眼)近视眼患者行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK),按屈光度将所有病例分为3组,Ⅰ组:-1.45～-6.20D(34眼),Ⅱ组:-6.45～-10.20D(53眼),Ⅲ组:-10.45～-14.00D(25眼)。检查术前和术后1wk;1,3及6mo的视力(裸眼视力和矫正视力)、屈光度、角膜地形图的改变。结果:模拟角膜计度数(simk)较术前降低,术后1wk角膜地形图平滑形占83%,其它形占17%,无中央小岛形成,切削形态随时间延长逐渐变规则。术后3mo裸眼视力≥1.0的各组分布比率是100%、96%、92%,屈光度在3mo术后基本稳定,术后并发症少。结论:LASIK手术是治疗近视的一种安全、有效且可预测性好的手术方法,角膜地形图可帮助我们详细了解角膜表面的形状,预测手术效果。     

飞秒激光制作薄角膜瓣和角膜上皮下混浊发生、裸眼视力相关性

目的：探讨飞秒激光制作薄角膜瓣和角膜上皮下混浊发生、裸眼视力相关性。方法随机选取2013年3月至2016年3月我科屈光门诊的患者178例,依据薄角膜瓣制作方法将这些患者分为两组,即飞秒激光组（ n ＝89）和机械角膜刀组（ n ＝89）,对两组患者的角膜上皮下混浊发生、裸眼视力进行统计分析。结果飞秒激光组患者术后角膜上皮下混浊发生率10.1％（9／89）显著低于机械角膜刀组19．1％（17／89）（ P ＜0.05）,术后角膜上皮下混浊发生在术后2周比例显著低于机械角膜刀组（ P ＜0.05）,发生在术后1个月比例显著高于机械角膜刀组（ P ＜0.05）,平均直径显著短于机械角膜刀组（ P ＜0.05）,术后1 d、2周、1个月、3个月、6个月的裸眼视力均显著高于机械角膜刀组（ P ＜0.05）。结论飞秒激光制作薄角膜瓣和角膜上皮下混浊发生、裸眼视力密切相关。     

绷带式角膜接触镜对翼状胬肉患者角膜屈光状态及术后并发症的影响

目的:分析绷带式角膜接触镜对翼状胬肉患者角膜屈光状态及术后并发症的影响。方法:前瞻性对照研究。将2018-01/2019-12拟在本院行翼状胬肉扩大切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术的翼状胬肉患者116例116眼。按随机数字表法分两组:对照组58眼行翼状胬肉扩大切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术,观察组58眼在对照组基础上联合绷带式角膜接触镜治疗。比较两组患者术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、角膜地形图表面不对称指数(SAI)、表面规则指数(SRI)、角膜屈光状态及术后并发症。结果:两组患者术后1、3mo时BCVA均较术前显著改善(P<0.05),但组间无差异(P>0.05);两组患者术后1、3mo时的角膜水平曲度、角膜垂直曲度较术前均显著上升,角膜散光度较术前显著下降,且观察组术后1、3mo时的角膜散光度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者术后1、3mo SAI、SRI较术前均显著下降,且观察组SAI、SRI显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者术后随访期间均未见感染、植片愈合不良、结膜下囊肿等并发症发生,但观察组眼部刺激症状发生率显著低于对照组,两组患者术后2wk时眼部刺激症状发生率较术前1wk时均有下降,且观察组术后2wk时的眼部刺激症状发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:翼状胬肉扩大切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术及绷带式角膜接触镜更利于翼状胬肉患者角膜屈光改善,并能降低眼部刺激症状发生率。     

Longitudinal Changes in Corneal Irregular Astigmatism and Visual Acuity in Eyes with Keratoconus

Purpose To quantitatively investigate the time course of changes in corneal irregular astigmatism and their relation to best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) in eyes with keratoconus. Methods Subjects were 47 patients (57 eyes) with keratoconus who had undergone videokeratography examinations at least twice, with an interval of 1 year or longer between each examination. By means of Fourier series harmonic analysis, topography data were separated into spherical component, regular astigmatism, asymmetry, and higher order irregularity. Results In eyes that showed apparent progression on color-coded maps, the yearly rate of change was significantly positive for spherical component (P = 0.03) and higher order irregularity (P = 0.006). In eyes with apparent progression, the yearly change rate of BSCVA was significantly positive (P = 0.001), but not in the eyes without apparent progression (P = 0.1655). In eyes with progression on maps, the yearly change rate of BSCVA was significantly correlated with the change rate of higher order irregularity per year (r = 0.770, P = 0.0004). Conclusions The results indicated that progression of keratoconus is associated with deterioration of BSCVA, which is in turn significantly correlated with increases in corneal higher order irregularity. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2007;51:265–269 @ Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2007     

Changes in corneal thickness, curvature, and anterior chamber depth during the menstrual cycle

Objective: To determine the variations in corneal thickness values, keratometry readings, and anterior chamber depths (ACD) during the menstrual cycle of young women using the noncontact Scheimpflug imaging technique.Design: Prospective cohort study.Participants: Fourteen women with regular menstrual cycles who were not taking contraceptive pills were enrolled and had measurements taken every other day during a full menstrual cycle, starting from the first day. None used contact lenses or regular medication, and none had systemic disease or history of eye surgery.Methods: The thickness at the centre, superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, and thinnest point of the cornea, the kerato-metry readings, and the ACD values measured with the Pentacam were recorded. We used data on days 1, 3, and 5 of the studied cycle, and counting backwards, 2, 4, 6, 12, 14, and 16 days before the first day of the next cycle.Results: The mean differences between 2 points of time were not statistically significant (p < 0.05) for any variable. The mean difference between any 2 paired thickness measurements was less than 5.0 µm.Conclusions: Contrary to our expectations and previous findings using ultrasound pachymetry, we found no clinically or statistically significant differences between the repeated measurements with the Pentacam. This could indicate that the Pentacam is a clinical tool with less variability when performing serial measurements and follow-up examinations.     

3g/L玻璃酸钠联合角膜绷带镜在翼状胬肉切除术后早期的应用

目的:评价3g/L玻璃酸钠联合角膜绷带镜在翼状胬肉切除术后早期的应用价值。方法:随机双盲对照研究。收集2017-03/2018-03行手术治疗的单眼原发性鼻侧翼状胬肉患者90例90眼,分为A、B、C三组。A组角膜绷带镜+3g/L玻璃酸钠治疗;B组角膜绷带镜+1g/L玻璃酸钠治疗;C组:3g/L玻璃酸钠+包盖治疗。比较三组治疗后眼表刺激症状评分、角膜上皮愈合时间和结膜植片水肿消退时间。结果:术后A组各观察时间点眼表刺激症状评分均低于C组(P<0.001);A组角膜上皮愈合时间(2.08±0.78d)、结膜植片水肿消退时间(4.62±1.17d)均较C组(5.13±2.34、6.42±1.51d)明显缩短(P=0.001、0.002)。A组与B组术后各时间点眼表刺激症状以及结膜植片水肿消退时间均无差异(P>0.05),但A组角膜上皮愈合时间明显缩短(P=0.018)。结论:3g/L玻璃酸钠联合角膜绷带镜在翼状胬肉切除术后早期应用具有协同作用,可以有效缩短角膜上皮愈合时间,缓解刺激症状。     

SMILE和ICL矫正中低度近视术后角膜前后表面和总角膜高阶像差的变化

目的：对比分析飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(small incision lenticule extraction,SMILE)和有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术(implantable collamer lens,ICL)矫正中、低度近视术后角膜前表面、后表面和总角膜高阶像差的变化。

方法：回顾性研究,选取2017-11/2018-02在西安爱尔眼科医院屈光中心行SMILE手术及ICL手术矫正中、低度近视患者各35例70眼。术前及术后1、3、6mo应用基于Ray Tracing技术的Scheimpflug成相评估6mm直径的角膜前表面、后表面和总角膜高阶像差,采用重复测量方差分析对不同时间点角膜彗差、球差和总高阶像差均方根进行比较。

结果：术后1、3、6mo SMILE组和ICL组患者裸眼视力均达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力。术前两组患者各项角膜像差差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1mo,SMILE组角膜前表面高阶像差较术前显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而ICL组角膜前表面高阶像差无显著变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 术后两组患者角膜后表面高阶像差差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组间患者彗差、球差和总高阶像差比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：相比SMILE手术,ICL术矫正中、低度近视在短期内引入的角膜前表面高阶像差更小。     

角膜地形图引导和非球面切削LASIK术后视觉质量问卷分析

目的 分析角膜地形图引导个性化LASIK和非球面切削LASIK术后视觉质量问卷调查结果 .方法 选择在遵义医学院附属医院近视眼激光治疗中心进行LASIK的患者133例(257眼),根据自愿非随机方法 分三组,其中35例(69眼)接受常规LASIK(常规组),51例(98眼)接受角膜地形图引导个性化LASIK(ORK-C...     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术术后角膜后表面前凸和屈光力的变化

目的研究准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser insitu keratomileusis,LASIK)术后角膜后表面前凸和屈光力的变化及影响二者变化的相关因素。方法对接受LASIK手术并有术后6个月随访记录、近视屈光度(等效球镜)为(-6.50±2.75)D的52例患者(76眼),于术前及术后第1个月、第2个月和第6个月分别行Orbscan-Ⅱ裂隙光扫描角膜地形图检查,测量角膜后表面前凸值、角膜后表面屈光力,观察其变化。用多元逐级回归法分析术前角膜最薄点厚度,以及眼内压、切削量与术后角膜后表面前凸的相关性。结果术后第1个月角膜后表面前凸值为(38.81±17.87)μm,术后第2个月为(35.61±13.60)μm,术后第6个月为(36.45±14.34)μm;3.0 mm直径角膜后表面屈光力均值术后第1个月为(-6.85±0.23)D,术后第2个月为(-6.83±0.28)D,术后第6个月为(-6.81±0.25)D;5.0 mm直径角膜后表面屈光力均值术后第1个月为(-6.34±0.24)D,术后第2个月为(-6.38±0.21)D,术后第6个月为(-6.39±0.25)D,上述观察值与术前比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),但术后第1个月同术后第2个月、第6个月比较差异无显著性。角膜后表面前凸值与角膜后表面屈光力线性相关(r=0.6,P<0.01)。多元逐级回归分析与术后角膜后表面前凸的变化有关系的变量为切削量(非标准系数B=0.405,P<0.01),角膜最薄点厚度(非标准系数B=-0.109,P<0.01),术前眼内压未进入最后回归方程。结论LASIK术后角膜后表面形态有显著性改变,角膜后表面呈锥形前凸,随术后时间延长角膜后表面形态趋于稳定;角膜厚度越薄、切削量越大则术后的角膜前凸值就越大。     

三种仪器测量低中度青少年近视患者角膜曲率的比较

目的：比较Pentacam、IOL Master和角膜地形图测量低中度青少年近视患者角膜曲率的差异性和一致性。

方法：前瞻性临床研究。选取2019-01/10在南京医科大学附属眼科医院就诊的低中度青少年近视患者291例291眼,其中低度近视患者141例141眼,中度近视患者150例150眼,分别采用Pentacam、IOL Master及角膜地形图检查角膜曲率(K₁、K₂、K_m)和角膜散光(J₀、J₄₅)情况,分析三种仪器测量结果的差异性、相关性和一致性。

结果：差异性分析结果显示,Pentacam和角膜地形图测量低度和中度青少年近视患者J₄₅的测量值无差异(P>0.05); Pentacam和IOL Master测量低度近视患者J₀的测量值无差异(P>0.05); Pentacam和角膜地形图测量低度近视患者K₂、中度近视患者J₀的测量值均无差异(P>0.05); 三种仪器测量低度和中度青少年近视患者其他测量值均有差异(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,三种仪器测量结果两两分析均呈正相关(r=0.545～0.997,均P<0.001)。Bland-Altman一致性分析结果显示,三种仪器的检测结果具有较好的一致性。

结论：Pentacam、IOL Master和角膜地形图三种仪器的检测结果具有较好的一致性,均可用于低中度近视患者角膜塑形镜验配前的参数检测,其中Pentacam与角膜地形图差异性最小,但三种仪器是否可以互做替代仍需结合临床实际应用。     

Macular edema in Asian Indian premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity: Impact on visual acuity and refractive status after 1-year

Purpose:

To report the impact of transient, self-resolving, untreated “macular edema” detected on spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Asian Indian premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on visual acuity (VA) and refraction at 1-year of corrected age.

Materials and Methods:

Visual acuity and refraction of 11 infants with bilateral macular edema (Group A) was compared with gestational age-matched 16 infants with ROP without edema (Group B) and 17 preterms infants without ROP and without edema (Group C) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of corrected age using Teller Acuity Cards and cycloplegic retinoscopy. Sub-group analysis of the previously described pattern A and B macular edema was performed.

Results:

Visual acuity was lower in infants with macular edema compared with the other two control groups throughout the study period, but statistically significant only at 3 months. Visual improvement in these infants was highest between the 3^rd and 6^th month and plateaued by the end of the 1^st year with acuity comparable to the other two groups. The edema cohort was more hyperopic compared to the other two groups between 3 and 12 months of age. Pattern A edema had worse VA compared to pattern B, although not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Macular edema, although transient, caused reduced VA as early as 3 months of corrected age in Asian Indian premature infants weighing <2000 g at birth. The higher hyperopia in these infants is possibly due to visual disturbances caused at a critical time of fovealization. We hypothesize a recovery and feedback mechanism based on the principles of active emmetropization to explain our findings.