共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 453 毫秒
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Rebecca Earnest Christine Chen Chrispin Chaguza Anne M. Hahn Nathan D. Grubaugh Madeline S. Wilson for the Yale COVID- Resulting Isolation Team 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(12):2455
We evaluated daily rapid antigen test (RAT) data from 323 COVID-19–positive university students in Connecticut, USA, during an Omicron-dominant period. Day 5 positivity was 47% for twice-weekly screeners and 26%–28% for less-frequent screeners, approximately halving each subsequent day. Testing negative >10 days before diagnosis (event time ratio (ETR) 0.85 [95% CI 0.75–0.96]) and prior infection >90 days (ETR 0.50 [95% CI 0.33–0.76]) were significantly associated with shorter RAT positivity duration. Symptoms before or at diagnosis (ETR 1.13 [95% CI 1.02–1.25]) and receipt of 3 vaccine doses (ETR 1.20 [95% CI 1.04–1.39]) were significantly associated with prolonged positivity. Exit RATs enabled 53%–74% of students to leave isolation early when they began isolation at the time of the first positive test, but 15%–22% remained positive beyond the recommended isolation period. Factors associated with RAT positivity duration should be further explored to determine relationships with infection duration. 相似文献
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Susana Monge Carmen Olmedo Beln Alejos María F Lapea María Jos Sierra Aurora Limia COVID- Registries Study Group 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(10):2595
We conducted a registries-based cohort study of long-term care facility residents >65 years of age offered vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 before March 10, 2021, in Spain. Risk for infection in vaccinated and nonvaccinated persons was compared with risk in the same persons in a period before the vaccination campaign, adjusted by daily-varying incidence and reproduction number. We selected 299,209 persons; 99.0% had >1 dose, 92.6% had 2 doses, and 99.8% of vaccines were Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2). For vaccinated persons with no previous infection, vaccine effectiveness was 81.8% (95% CI 81.0%–82.7%), and 11.6 (95% CI 11.3–11.9) cases were prevented per 10,000 vaccinated/day. In those with previous infection, effectiveness was 56.8% (95% CI 47.1%–67.7%). In nonvaccinated residents with no previous infection, risk decreased by up to 81.4% (95% CI 73.3%–90.3%). Our results confirm vaccine effectiveness in this population and suggest indirect protection in nonvaccinated persons. 相似文献
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Aharona Glatman-Freedman Michal Bromberg Yael Hershkovitz Hanna Sefty Zalman Kaufman Rita Dichtiar Lital Keinan-Boker 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(5):948
We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, https://www.pfizer.com) booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduction of complications (hospitalization, severe disease, and death) among breakthrough cases in persons in Israel >16 years of age for <20 weeks. VE estimates reached 96.8% (95% CI 96.0%–97.5%) for persons 16–59 years of age and 93.1% (95% CI 91.8%–94.2%) for persons >60 years of age on week 3. VE estimates remained at these levels for 8 weeks in the 16–59 age group and 11 weeks in those >60. A slow decline followed, becoming more pronounced in the last 2–3 weeks of evaluation. Estimates in the last week of evaluation were 77.6% (95% CI 68.4%–84.2%) and 61.3% (52.5%–68.4%) for persons 16–59 years and >60 years, respectively. The more pronounced VE decline coincided with rapid increase in Omicron variant activity. Rate reduction of breakthrough complications remained moderate to high throughout the evaluation. 相似文献
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Alicia del Cura-Bilbao Hctor Lpez-Mendoza Armando Chaure-Pardos Alberto Vergara-Ugarriza Joaquín Guimbao-Bescs 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(3):591
Reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is a worldwide challenge; widespread vaccination could be one strategy for control. We conducted a prospective, population-based cohort study of 964,258 residents of Aragon, Spain, during December 2020–May 2021. We used the Cox proportional-hazards model with vaccination status as the exposure condition to estimate the effectiveness of 3 coronavirus disease vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pfizer-BioNTech had 20.8% (95% CI 11.6%–29.0%) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection after 1 dose and 70.0% (95% CI 65.3%–74.1%) after 2 doses, Moderna had 52.8% (95% CI 30.7%–67.8%) VE after 1 dose and 70.3% (95% CI 52.2%–81.5%) after 2 doses, and Oxford-AstraZeneca had 40.3% (95% CI 31.8%–47.7%) VE after 1 dose. All estimates were lower than those from previous studies. Results imply that, although high vaccination coverage remains critical to protect people from disease, it will be difficult to effectively minimize transmission opportunities. 相似文献
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Maryam Shakiba Maryam Nazemipour Arsalan Salari Fardin Mehrabian Seyed Saeed H. Nazari Seyed Mahmoud Rezvani Zahra Ghasempour Abtin Heidarzadeh Mohammad Ali Mansournia 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):636
We determined the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in an affected area in northern Iran in April 2020. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 528 persons by using rapid tests. Adjusted prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 22.2% (95% CI 16.4%–28.5%). 相似文献
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Joseph A. Lewnard Ana M. Mora Oguchi Nkwocha Katherine Kogut Stephen A. Rauch Norma Morga Samantha Hernandez Marcus P. Wong Karen Huen Kristin Andrejko Nicholas P. Jewell Kimberly L. Parra Nina Holland Eva Harris Maximiliano Cuevas Brenda Eskenazi 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1330
During the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, farmworkers in the United States are considered essential personnel and continue in-person work. We conducted prospective surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and antibody prevalence among farmworkers in Salinas Valley, California, during June 15–November 30, 2020. We observed 22.1% (1,514/6,864) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection among farmworkers compared with 17.2% (1,255/7,305) among other adults from the same communities (risk ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.37). In a nested study enrolling 1,115 farmworkers, prevalence of current infection was 27.7% among farmworkers reporting >1 COVID-19 symptom and 7.2% among farmworkers without symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 4.16, 95% CI 2.85–6.06). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies increased from 10.5% (95% CI 6.0%–18.4%) during July 16–August 31 to 21.2% (95% CI 16.6%–27.4%) during November 1–30. High SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence among farmworkers underscores the need for vaccination and other preventive interventions. 相似文献
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《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1343
We investigated what proportion of the population acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and whether the herd immunity threshold has been reached in 10 communities in Qatar. The study included 4,970 participants during June 21–September 9, 2020. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Seropositivity ranged from 54.9% (95% CI 50.2%–59.4%) to 83.8% (95% CI 79.1%–87.7%) across communities and showed a pooled mean of 66.1% (95% CI 61.5%–70.6%). A range of other epidemiologic measures indicated that active infection is rare, with limited if any sustainable infection transmission for clusters to occur. Only 5 infections were ever severe and 1 was critical in these young communities; infection severity rate of 0.2% (95% CI 0.1%–0.4%). Specific communities in Qatar have or nearly reached herd immunity for SARS-CoV-2 infection: 65%–70% of the population has been infected. 相似文献
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Margarita Pons-Salort Jacob John Oliver J. Watson Nicholas F. Brazeau Robert Verity Gagandeep Kang Nicholas C. Grassly 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(4):759
India reported >10 million coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and 149,000 deaths in 2020. To reassess reported deaths and estimate incidence rates during the first 6 months of the epidemic, we used a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission model fit to data from 3 serosurveys in Delhi and time-series documentation of reported deaths. We estimated 48.7% (95% credible interval 22.1%–76.8%) cumulative infection in the population through the end of September 2020. Using an age-adjusted overall infection fatality ratio based on age-specific estimates from mostly high-income countries, we estimated that just 15.0% (95% credible interval 9.3%–34.0%) of COVID-19 deaths had been reported, indicating either substantial underreporting or lower age-specific infection-fatality ratios in India than in high-income countries. Despite the estimated high attack rate, additional epidemic waves occurred in late 2020 and April–May 2021. Future dynamics will depend on the duration of natural and vaccine-induced immunity and their effectiveness against new variants. 相似文献
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Vana Sypsa Sotirios Roussos Dimitrios Paraskevis Theodore Lytras Sotirios Tsiodras Angelos Hatzakis 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):452
Greece imposed a nationwide lockdown in March 2020 to mitigate transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during the first epidemic wave. We conducted a survey on age-specific social contact patterns to assess effects of physical distancing measures and used a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model to simulate the epidemic. Because multiple distancing measures were implemented simultaneously, we assessed their overall effects and the contribution of each measure. Before measures were implemented, the estimated basic reproduction number (R0) was 2.38 (95% CI 2.01–2.80). During lockdown, daily contacts decreased by 86.9% and R0 decreased by 81.0% (95% credible interval [CrI] 71.8%–86.0%); each distancing measure decreased R0 by 10%–24%. By April 26, the attack rate in Greece was 0.12% (95% CrI 0.06%–0.26%), one of the lowest in Europe, and the infection fatality ratio was 1.12% (95% CrI 0.55%–2.31%). Multiple social distancing measures contained the first epidemic wave in Greece. 相似文献
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Marcelo Rodrigues Gonalves Rodrigo Citton Padilha dos Reis Rodrigo Pedroso Tlio Lucia Campos Pellanda Maria Inês Schmidt Natan Katz Sotero Serrate Mengue Pedro C. Hallal Bernardo L. Horta Mariangela Freitas Silveira Roberto Nunes Umpierre Cynthia Goulart Bastos-Molina Rodolfo Souza da Silva Bruce B. Duncan 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(8):2135
We assessed the associations of social distancing and mask use with symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We conducted a population-based case-control study during April–June 2020. Municipal authorities furnished case-patients, and controls were taken from representative household surveys. In adjusted logistic regression analyses of 271 case-patients and 1,396 controls, those reporting moderate to greatest adherence to social distancing had 59% (odds ratio [OR] 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.70) to 75% (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15–0.42) lower odds of infection. Lesser out-of-household exposure (vs. going out every day all day) reduced odds from 52% (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.77) to 75% (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.36). Mask use reduced odds of infection by 87% (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.36). In conclusion, social distancing and mask use while outside the house provided major protection against symptomatic infection. 相似文献
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Thomas Scheier Adrian Schibli Geri Eich Christian Rüegg Frank Kube Adrian Schmid Urs Karrer Aline Wolfensberger Hugo Sax Peter W. Schreiber 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):404
Switzerland began a national lockdown on March 16, 2020, in response to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in April 2020. These 4 acute care hospitals screened 2,807 patients, including 2,278 (81.2%) who did not have symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Overall, 529 (18.8%) persons had >1 symptom of COVID-19, of whom 60 (11.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Eight asymptomatic persons (0.4%) also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our findings indicate that screening on the basis of COVID-19 symptoms, regardless of clinical suspicion, can identify most SARS-CoV-2–positive persons in a low-prevalence setting. 相似文献
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Lara J. Akinbami Philip A. Chan Nga Vuong Samira Sami Dawn Lewis Philip E. Sheridan Susan L. Lukacs Lisa Mackey Lisa A. Grohskopf Anita Patel Lyle R. Petersen 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):823
Healthcare personnel are recognized to be at higher risk for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We conducted a serologic survey in 15 hospitals and 56 nursing homes across Rhode Island, USA, during July 17–August 28, 2020. Overall seropositivity among 9,863 healthcare personnel was 4.6% (95% CI 4.2%–5.0%) but varied 4-fold between hospital personnel (3.1%, 95% CI 2.7%–3.5%) and nursing home personnel (13.1%, 95% CI 11.5%–14.9%). Within nursing homes, prevalence was highest among personnel working in coronavirus disease units (24.1%; 95% CI 20.6%–27.8%). Adjusted analysis showed that in hospitals, nurses and receptionists/medical assistants had a higher likelihood of seropositivity than physicians. In nursing homes, nursing assistants and social workers/case managers had higher likelihoods of seropositivity than occupational/physical/speech therapists. Nursing home personnel in all occupations had elevated seropositivity compared with hospital counterparts. Additional mitigation strategies are needed to protect nursing home personnel from infection, regardless of occupation. 相似文献
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Alison E. Brown Ellen Heinsbroek Meaghan M. Kall Hester Allen Kazim Beebeejaun Paula Blomquist Ines Campos-Matos Colin N.J. Campbell Hamish Mohammed Katy Sinka Theresa Lamagni Nicholas Phin the PHE COVID- Mortality Working Group Gavin Dabrera 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1468
Of the 58,186 coronavirus deaths among adults in England during March–December 2020, 77% occurred in hospitals, 93% were in patients >60 years, and 91% occurred within 28 days of positive specimen. Cumulative mortality rates were highest among persons of Black, Asian, other, or mixed ethnicities and in socioeconomically deprived areas. 相似文献
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Megan Wallace Allison E. James Rachel Silver Mitsuki Koh Farrell A. Tobolowsky Sean Simonson Jeremy A. W. Gold Rena Fukunaga Henry Njuguna Keith Bordelon Jonathan Wortham Melissa Coughlin Jennifer L. Harcourt Azaibi Tamin Brett Whitaker Natalie J. Thornburg Ying Tao Krista Queen Anna Uehara Clinton R. Paden Jing Zhang Suxiang Tong Danielle Haydel Ha Tran Kaylee Kim Kiva A. Fisher Mariel Marlow Jacqueline E. Tate Reena H. Doshi Theresa Sokol Kathryn G. Curran 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):421
To assess transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a detention facility experiencing a coronavirus disease outbreak and evaluate testing strategies, we conducted a prospective cohort investigation in a facility in Louisiana, USA. We conducted SARS-CoV-2 testing for detained persons in 6 quarantined dormitories at various time points. Of 143 persons, 53 were positive at the initial test, and an additional 58 persons were positive at later time points (cumulative incidence 78%). In 1 dormitory, all 45 detained persons initially were negative; 18 days later, 40 (89%) were positive. Among persons who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, 47% (52/111) were asymptomatic at the time of specimen collection; 14 had replication-competent virus isolated. Serial SARS-CoV-2 testing might help interrupt transmission through medical isolation and quarantine. Testing in correctional and detention facilities will be most effective when initiated early in an outbreak, inclusive of all exposed persons, and paired with infection prevention and control. 相似文献
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Pyoeng Gyun Choe Kye-Hyung Kim Chang Kyung Kang Hyeon Jeong Suh EunKyo Kang Sun Young Lee Nam Joong Kim Jongyoun Yi Wan Beom Park Myoung-don Oh 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):928
Waning humoral immunity in coronavirus disease patients has raised concern over usefulness of serologic testing. We investigated antibody responses of 58 persons 8 months after asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. For 3 of 4 immunoassays used, seropositivity rates were high (69.0%–91.4%). 相似文献
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Yoo-Yeon Kim Young June Choe Jia Kim Ryu Kyung Kim Eun Jung Jang Seon Kyeong Park Do-Sang Lim Seonju Yi Sangwon Lee Geun-Yong Kwon Jee Yeon Shin Sang-Yoon Choi Mi Jin Jeong Young-Joon Park 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(11):2165
We used a nationwide population registry in South Korea to estimate the effect of a second booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on the risk for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, critical infection, and death in immunocompromised persons and long-term care facility (LTCF) residents. During February 16–May 7, 2022, among 972,449 eligible persons, 736,439 (75.7%) received a first booster and 236,010 (24.3%) persons received a second booster. Compared with the first booster group, at 30–53 days, the second booster recipients had vaccine effectiveness (VE) against all infections of 22.28% (95% CI 19.35%–25.11%), VE against critical infection of 56.95% (95% CI 29.99%–73.53%), and VE against death of 62.96% (95% CI 34.18%–79.15%). Our findings provide real-world evidence that a second booster dose of mRNA vaccine substantially increases protection against critical infection and death in these high-risk population groups. 相似文献
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Sriram Selvaraju Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj Tarun Bhatnagar Velusamy Saravanakumar Chethrapilly Purushothaman Girish Kumar Krithikaa Sekar Ezhilarasan Ilayaperumal Ramasamy Sabarinathan Murugesan Jagadeesan Masanam Sriramulu Hemalatha Manoj Vasant Murhekar the Chennai COVID Sero-Surveillance Team 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):586
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to estimate the seroprevalence of IgG against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Chennai, India. Among 12,405 serum samples tested, weighted seroprevalence was 18.4% (95% CI 14.8%–22.6%). These findings indicate most of the population of Chennai is still susceptible to this virus. 相似文献