运动疗法对慢性心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的探讨运动疗法对行标准化治疗的慢性心力衰竭患者预后的影响。方法慢性心力衰竭患者54例随机分为运动组和对照组各27例,运动组在标准化治疗基础上进行运动训练治疗,对照组仅进行标准化治疗,随访12个月比较2组治疗效果。结果治疗前2组临床特征、NYHA心功能分级、左室射血分数、6min步行距离、血浆N末端脑钠肽、生存质量评分及药物使用率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;运动训练12个月后,2组左室射血分数、6min步行距离、生存质量评分、NYHA心功能分级、血浆N末端脑钠肽水平比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;运动疗法与血浆N末端脑钠肽水平较低是再住院和死亡的保护因素;室性心律失常、肾功能不全、伴有慢性肺疾病是再住院和死亡事件发生的促进因素。结论运动疗法可提高心力衰竭患者运动耐量和生活质量,改善患者心功能并明显降低死亡及再住院终点事件发生率。     

运动训练对老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及血清CysC浓度的影响

【目的】探讨运动训练对老年慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者心功能和血清胱抑素C（CysC）浓度的影响。方法 172例心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级老年CHF患者随机分为训练组（n=36）和对照组（n=36）,入选后即行6分钟步行试验（6MwT）、检测CysC浓度、超声多普勒检测心功能。对照组常规给予抗心衰药物治疗,在此基础上训练组每天行2次6MWT运动强度的步行训练。8周后复查6MWT、血清CysC浓度、行超声多普勒检测心功能。【结果】两组患者6MWT距离心功能Ⅲ级患者均显著短于Ⅱ级患者（P〈O．05）,CysC水平Ⅲ级患者均显著高于Ⅱ患者（P〈O．05）。治疗8周后两组患者血清CysC浓度均有显著下降（P〈0．05）,6MWT距离明显增加（P〈0．01,P〈O．05）,心功能客观指标明显提高（P〈0．05）,但训练组改善程度显著优于对照组（P〈0．01）。【结论】运动训练可以显著提高老年CHF患者的运动能力并降低血清CysC浓度,改善心功能。     

慢性心力衰竭患者运动训练后血浆NT-proBNP浓度的变化

目的 旨在探讨运动训练对不同程度慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure，CHF）患者血浆脑钠肽前体N末段（N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide，NT-proBNP）的影响。方法 80例心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级的CHF患者随机分为训练组（n=42）和对照组（n=38），入院后24 h内行6分钟步行运动试验，记录其行走距离，检测血浆NT-proBNP浓度，两组均常规给予抗心衰药物治疗，但训练组每天行2次6分钟步行运动训练。8周后复查血浆NT-proBNP浓度及6分钟步行运动试验。结果 运动训练可显著降低CHF患者的血浆NT-proBNP浓度（P＜0．05），增加CHF患者的6min步行距离（P＜0．05）。结论 运动训练可显著降低血浆NT-proBNP浓度，并改善运动功能，因此，有益于延缓CHF病程进展。     

美托洛尔缓释片治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的：观察美托洛尔缓释片治疗慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的疗效。方法：对28例CHF患者在常规治疗的基础上,加用美托洛尔缓释片,并与27例常规治疗组患者进行对照比较,观察1年后患者的心功能、再住院率和死亡率。结果：1年后,美托洛尔缓释片组（治疗组）和对照组比较,心功能改善明显（P〈0.05）;再住院率和死亡率降低（P〈0.05）。结论：美托洛尔缓释片可以改善心功能,降低再住院率和死亡率。     

运动训练对慢性心力衰竭患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的观察慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者胰岛素抵抗（IR）状态及运动训练对IR的影响。方法将120例心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级的CHF患者（观察组）随机分为训练组（n=65）和常规治疗组（n=55），2组患者均接受常规的抗心衰药物治疗，训练组还接受每天2次6min步行运动训练，连续20周。比较2组患者治疗前、后胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）、6min步行距离、心率（HR）及平均血压（MBP），并将观察组治疗前的HOMA-IR、ISI与对照组（n=32）比较。结果与对照组相比，观察组ISI降低，HOMA-IR增加（P〈0．01）。治疗后，观察组LVEF值、LVFS、6min步行距离及ISI升高，而HR、MBP及HOMA-IR降低。相对于常规治疗组，训练组治疗后LVEF、LVFS、6min步行距离、ISI增高和HOMA-IR、HR、MBP降低的程度更明显（P〈0．05）。结论CHF患者存在IR，运动训练在改善其心功能及运动功能的同时，也能改善其IR。     

早期康复治疗对急性心肌梗死患者疗效的影响

目的：探讨早期康复训练对急性心肌梗死患者病情的影响。方法：将122例急性心肌梗死（AMI）低危患者，平行随机分为康复组（62例）和对照组（60例）。两组除予以常规治疗外，康复组采用为期2周，以步行为主的康复训练：结果：两组患者在室性心律失常（Lown≥Ⅲ），梗死延展，心率变异性和Q—T离散度阳性率，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。在入院第3、4周末，进行左心功能测定LVEF≥50％者康复组（66．7％）高于对照组（47．4％），差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。第4周末的低水平平板运动试验阳性率，康复组（27．1％）低于对照组（39．1％）（P〈0．05）。住院期间心绞痛、再梗死、死亡率与平均住院天数，康复组均低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：对无明显并发症的AMI患者，采取早期康复训练，是安全可行的，有利于病情恢复，提高生存质量。     

曲美他嗪改善缺血性心肌病心功能的临床观察

目的：探讨曲美他嗪对缺血性心肌病患者心脏收缩和舒张功能及运动耐量的影响。方法：观察心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级的缺血性心肌病患者58例，其中曲美他嗪组28例，对照组30例。分别测定用药前及用药6个月后两组患者的超声心动图心功能指标CI、LVEF、VE／VA及6min步行距离。结果：用药6个月后曲美他嗪组患者的CI、LVEF、6min步行距离较对照组显著增高（P〈0．05），但VA／VE与对照组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：曲美他嗪通过改善缺血心肌细胞的能量代谢，可保护缺缸心肌细胞的功能，从而改善心脏的收缩功能及运动耐量。     

综合康复治疗对脑卒中患者运动功能障碍的疗效

目的 探讨综合康复治疗对脑卒中患者运动功能障碍的疗效。方法 121例急性脑卒中患者随机分为康复组（59例）与对照组（62例），康复组采用综合康复治疗（运动再学习和Bobath疗法）；对照组给予一般康复治疗，如针灸、理疗。采用临床神经功能缺损评分、改良巴氏指数评分（MBI）、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分（FMA）在治疗前后对两组患者进行评定。结果 治疗前。两组患者的临床神经功能、FMA和MBI评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；治疗后，两组的评分均较治疗前明显改善（P〈0．01），但康复组改善的程度大于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 综合康复治疗可促进脑卒中患者运动功能的恢复，对预后有良好影响。     

参芎葡萄糖注射液对冠心病患者运动耐量和血流动力学影响的研究

目的探讨参芎葡萄糖注射液对冠心病患者运动耐量和血流动力学的影响，了解其对冠心病的治疗作用。方法120例冠心病患者随机分为常规治疗组和参芎治疗组，分别测定2组运动耐量，参芎治疗组加测血脂和血流动力学。结果参芎治疗组患者运动耐量较常规治疗组明显提高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。参芎治疗组治疗后纤维蛋白原浓度明显降低（P〈0．01）；血浆比粘度、红细胞比容（Hct）、血小板聚集率有所降低（均P〈0．05）；而血总胆固醇、甘油三酯无明显变化（均P〉0．05）。结论参芎葡萄糖注射液对提高冠心病患者的运动耐量及改善血流动力学有一定的作用。     

非药物干预对慢性心力衰竭患者的影响

目的：观察非药物干预措施对慢性心力衰竭患者再住院率、病死率及6分钟步行距离的影响。方法：将干预组65例慢性心力衰竭患者在常规治疗下加用健康教育、生活指导、适量运动等非药物干预措施、并与对照组51例慢性心力衰竭患者在再住院率、病死率、6分钟步行距离方面作对比。结果：两组患者的再住院率、6分钟步行距离比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），两组患者病死率比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：非药物干预可明显降低慢性心力衰竭患者的再住院率并提高其运动耐力，进而提高其生活质量。     

个体化有氧运动对冠心病患者心率恢复及运动能力的影响

目的:探讨个体化有氧运动对心率恢复异常冠心病患者心率恢复情况及运动能力的影响,并分析两者间的相关性。方法:招募经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者行心肺运动试验(CPET),将75例心率恢复异常(试验终止1min时的心率恢复值(HRR1)≤12次/min)的患者纳入研究,并随机分为康复组(38例)和对照组(37例)。对照组进行常规药物治疗;康复组在对照组基础上加以强度为60%—85%目标心率的个体化有氧运动训练,每次40min,每周3次,共12周。所有患者研究结束后再次进行CPET评估心率恢复及运动能力情况。结果:训练前,两组患者HRR1、峰值功率(PP)、峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、无氧阈(AT)均无显著差异(P>0.05);训练后,康复组的PP、VO2peak、AT与训练前相比,差异具有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05),且优于对照组(P<0.05);在HRR1方面,康复组与训练前比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);但与对照组相比,差异并不显著(P>0.05),训练后,康复组有16例患者HRR1>12次/min,且PP、VO2peak与HRR1≤12次/min的患者相比,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);康复组HRR1的提高值(△HRR1)与运动能力提高水平(△VO2peak、△PP)呈显著相关性(r=0.347,P<0.05;r=0.419,P<0.01)。结论:虽然有氧运动在改善心率恢复方面并不像提高运动能力那样显著,但是有氧运动可以改善心率恢复并与运动能力的提高密切相关。     

Relation between physical activity and exercise capacity of ≥5 metabolic equivalents in middle- and older-aged patients with chronic heart failure

Purpose: Patients with exercise capacity of <5 metabolic equivalents (METs) are considered to have a high risk of death. The aim of this study was to determine age-related differences in physical activity associated with an exercise capacity of ≥5 METs in chronic heart failure (CHF) outpatients. Methods: We enrolled 157 stable CHF patients (79.6% men, age 60.3 ± 11.5 years). Patients were divided into two age-based groups (middle-aged, <65 years, n = 97) and (older-aged, ≥65 years, n = 60). Peak oxygen uptake (peak V˙ O₂) was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. We further divided patients into groups according to exercise capacity: ≥5 METs and <5 METs. Physical activity was assessed by measuring the average number of steps/day for 1 week with an electronic pedometer. Results: Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to select cutoff values for steps associated with an exercise capacity of ≥5 METs in the middle- and older-aged patients. Cutoff values of 6045 steps in the middle-aged and 6070 steps in the older-aged patients were determined. Conclusions: Both middle- and older-aged CHF patients with exercise capacity of ≥5 METs completed approximately 6000 steps/day. This could become a target amount for minimal physical activity that could contribute to increased exercise capacity in CHF patients.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Middle-aged and older-aged chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with a measured exercise capacity of ≥5 METs completed approximately 6000 steps/day as measured by electronic pedometer.

• This amount of steps could become a target amount for minimal physical activity that could contribute to increased exercise capacity in CHF patients.

     

Effects of an exercise adherence intervention on outcomes in patients with heart failure.

The purpose of this study was to determine how an exercise adherence intervention affects the physiological, functional, and quality of life outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF). Sixteen HF patients were randomly assigned to an exercise-only group (n = 8) or to an exercise-with-adherence group (n = 8). Two of the 16 people died from nonexercise related causes during the study and were not included in the analysis. The intervention was tested over a 24-week period in which patients participated in a 12-week supervised exercise program (Phase 1) followed by 12 weeks of unsupervised home exercise (Phase 2). The intervention format was one of individualized graphic feedback on exercise goals and participation and problem-solving support by nurses. Results indicate that patients who received the intervention exercised more frequently and experienced improved outcomes during both phases. The adherence intervention may encourage HF patients to continue to exercise and thereby maintain the health benefits gained in both phases of an exercise program.     

Increased expression of VEGF following exercise training in patients with heart failure

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: During the last decades several angiogenic factors have been characterized but so far it is unknown whether local muscle exercise training increases the expression of these factors in patients with moderate heart failure. Expression of the major putative angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the level of messenger RNA (mRNA) and/or protein was therefore studied before and after 8 weeks of training in patient with chronic heart failure. METHODS: VEGF mRNA and protein concentrations were determined in skeletal muscle biopsies before and after 8 weeks of one-legged knee extension training in patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association II-III). RESULTS: Exercise training increased the citrate synthase activity and peripheral exercise capacity by 46% and 36%, respectively, in parallel with a two-fold increase in VEGF at both the mRNA (P = 0.03) and protein (P = 0.02) levels CONCLUSION: The increase in VEGF gene expression in response to exercise training indicates VEGF to be one possible mediator in exercise-induced angiogenesis and may therefore regulate an important and early step in adaptation to increased muscle activity in patient with chronic heart failure.     

Assessment of the Chronotropic Response at the Anaerobic Threshold: An Objective Measure of Chronotropic Function

MEINE, M., et al. : Assessment of the Chronotropic Response at the Anaerobic Threshold: An Objective Measure of Chronotropic Function. The evaluation of the heart rate response to exercise is important for the diagnosis of chronotropic incompetence and the assessment of a rate responsive algorithm of sensorcontrolled pacemakers. The aim of the present study was to examine a classification of the chronotropic response at an individually moderate exercise level. Sixteen pacemaker patients (patient group, age 62.9 ± 7.6 years ) with sick sinus syndrome and 15 age‐matched healthy subjects (control group, age 57.6 ± 9.4 years ) underwent a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill after a protocol with individually selected incremental steps. To analyze the patients' intrinsic heart rate response, the rate responsive mode of the pacemaker was switched off. Chronotropic incompetence was diagnosed in eight patients whose maximal heart rate was < 80% of the age‐predicted heart rate. The heart rate at the anaerobic threshold was significantly lower in the chronotropically incompetent subgroup than in the chronotropically competent patients and the healthy subjects (85.9 ± 6.6 beats/min vs 100.3 ± 9.9 beats/min and 112.9 ± 11.7 beats/min , respectively). The chronotropic slope of the heart rate reserve as a function of the metabolic reserve was significantly higher in the control group than in the patient groups with either mild or severe chronotropic incompetence (0.94 ± 0.17 vs 0.64 ± 0.08 and 0.43 ± 0.14 , respectively). Furthermore, the chronotropically incompetent response could be divided into a linear type with and without a threshold, an exponential, and a logarithmic type. The anaerobic threshold was an objectively detectable breakpoint at an individually moderate exercise level that could be used for characterization of chronotropic function. At the anaerobic threshold, a physiological heart rate response was about 220 ‐ age – 50 beats/min. A deviation of more than 10 beats/min below this physiological value characterized chronotropic incompetence.     

Exercise Therapy Benefits for Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) places significant burdens on patients, families, and health care systems. The complex pharmacologic regimens that form the basis of HF management alone are not sufficient to effectively manage the disease. Exercise therapy is positively associated with lower mortality and higher survival rates, along with a significant reduction in cardiac events and hospitalizations. Exercise therapy benefits patients with HF without increasing treatment costs. Nurse practitioners are well suited to assist their patients in successfully and safely incorporating exercise into their daily lives.     

两种运动心率监测器比较研究

用国产运动心率监测显示器(Exercise Heart Rate Monitor简称EHRM—I型)和芬兰产Polar心率监测仪同时对2名健康青年作多种不同负荷的动态心率测试,结果证实国产机在监测低到中等强度负荷的运动时的心率,其灵敏度及准确性均能与进口仪器相比.用EHRM—Ⅰ型作8名健康对象的静态心率测试,同时与手测搭脉方法对照,结果显示该仪器在显示静态心率数有很好的准确性.说明EHRM—I型有较好的工作性能.     

心力衰竭患者运动康复护理的效果

目的：探讨运动康复护理对心力衰竭患者的疗效。方法：81例患者随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组41例,在常规治疗护理基础上采用运动康复训练4周;对照组40例,给予常规治疗护理4周。结果：治疗护理4周后,实验组与对照组均有心率下降、血压降低、心脏回缩、射血分数增加、6 min步行距离延长的表现,但实验组与对照组及同组治疗护理前后上述指标间比较,均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;且实验组较对照组同组间比较改善结果更为明显。结论：对心力衰竭患者实施运动康复护理可明显改善患者的心功能状况,是一种积极有效的护理方法,值得进一步推广应用。