Results of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting for infected tibial nonunion

Introduction Bone grafting plays a critical role in promoting bone healing in infected nonunion, although recurrent infection is of concern. Cancellous bone grafting as an antibiotic delivery system has been reported as an effective method to combat infections. In this study, we report the clinical results of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting for the treatment of infected tibial nonunion.Materials and methods Between January 1996 and March 2001, 18 patients with infected tibial nonunion treated with vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting were available for follow-up. According to the Cierny-Mader classification, all patients belonged to type IVA and IVB osteomyelitis. Adequate debridement, stabilization with external fixation, and staged vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting were used in all patients. Regular clinical and radiographic follow-ups were conducted.Results Infection control was obtained in all 18 patients with a 100% infection arrest rate. Bone union was achieved in 13 of 18 patients at an average of 5.8 months. Bone union was obtained subsequently in the remaining five patients after closed nailing in four, and plating and bone grafting in one patient. Radiographs showed good consolidation and hypertrophy of grafted bone at an average follow-up of 48 months.Conclusion We conclude that vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting is a safe method for the treatment of infected tibial nonunion.     

自体骨复合抗生素一期植骨治疗感染性骨折不愈合

目的观察自体骨复合抗生素一期植骨治疗感染性骨折不愈合的临床效果。方法对15例感染性骨折不愈合患者采用自体骨复合抗生素一期植骨治疗。结果 15例获随访,时间8~16个月。骨折均获骨性愈合,时间5~14个月。感染均未复发。14例伤口一期愈合,1例伤口不愈合,行皮瓣转移后伤口愈合。术后6周14例血沉和C-反应蛋白均降至正常水平。术后12周,所有患者血沉和C-反应蛋白均基本正常。结论采用自体骨复合抗生素一期植骨治疗感染性骨折不愈合能有效控制感染,获得良好的骨折愈合。     

Treatment of tibial nonunion with posterolateral bone grafting

ObjectivesPosterolateral bone grafting to treat nonunions of the distal two-thirds of the tibia avoids the often traumatized and more tenuous anterior soft-tissue envelope. Few modern reports of its effectiveness are available. We assessed whether posterolateral bone grafting leads to high union and low complication rates.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review at a Level I trauma center. Our study group was 59 patients with distal two-thirds tibial fractures treated with posterolateral bone grafting. Patients included those with history of deep surgical site infection (SSI) before bone grafting (n = 17), established nonunions (n = 42), and impending nonunions associated with open fractures and bone gaps (n = 17). All patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months unless they achieved union before that time point. Our primary outcome measurement was fracture union. Secondary outcome measurements were any complication associated with the approach and infection requiring return to the operating room.ResultsFracture union was achieved in 44 (75%) of 59 patients without further intervention. The mean interval to union was 9.9 months (range, 3–22). Of 11 infected nonunions treated, nine progressed to union. Seventeen of 23 patients with defects >2 cm, including defects up to 5.4 cm without infection, were successfully treated. Two patients who underwent grafting at least 10 years after initial injury achieved union. No complications were associated with the approach (specifically, no wound breakdown, vascular injury, or tendon injury). Fourteen percent of patients experienced SSI after bone grafting. Seven of eight deep SSI occurred in patients with previous infection or positive intraoperative cultures. Only one (3%) of 36 patients without infection pre- or intraoperatively experienced SSI.ConclusionsEven in this relatively difficult patient cohort that included large bone gaps and history of infection, union was achieved at a relatively high rate with posterolateral bone graft. The approach seems to be safe, considering no known complications specifically associated with the approach occurred, and seems to reduce the risk of SSI in the absence of previous infection.     

削骨痂植骨治疗胫骨骨搬运后期对合端骨不连的经验

目的探讨削骨痂植骨治疗胫骨骨搬运后期骨不连的疗效和经验。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年6月应用骨搬运技术治疗的胫骨骨缺损患者,选取在骨搬运后期对合端未能顺利愈合的患者22例,行切开手术,清除骨端软组织卡压、清理硬化骨,削取对合端或延长段骨痂回植于胫骨对合端,使对合端最终骨性愈合。结果 22例患者术后获5~18个月(平均8个月)随访,其中18例削痂植骨术后顺利愈合,2例术后发生伤口感染,经清抗感染治疗,最终愈合;1例患者植骨吸收,经历再次植骨后愈合;1例患者途中外固定松动,导致骨折,更改为内固定+植骨,最终愈合;其余21例根据Paley等骨不连愈合评分标准评定结果:优18例,良1例,中1例,差1例,优良率为86.36%。结论胫骨骨搬运后期胫骨骨不连通过非手术方法不能愈合的患者,可尝试削取骨痂植骨的方治疗使对合端愈合。     

One-stage revision surgery to treat hip infected nonunion after stabilization with a sliding compression screw

Introduction Extracapsular hip infected nonunion after stabilization with a sliding hip screw (SCS) is uncommon and a convincing treatment method has not yet been reported in the literature.Patients and methods Thirteen consecutive patients who sustained such a disability were treated with removal of SCS, local radical debridement, vancomycin powder with or without gentamicin solution application, re-insertion of a new SCS, and autogenous cancellous bone grafting. Postoperatively, ambulation with regulated weight bearing was encouraged as early as possible. Infectious microorganisms in 76% (10/13) of the lesion sites were oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ORSA).Results Twelve patients were followed-up for at least 2 years (range, 2~6 years; median, 4 years) and all nonunions healed. The union rate was 100% (12/12) with a median union period of 4 months (range, 3~6 months). No wound infection recurred at the last follow-up. The satisfactory rate of hip function was 92% (11/12, P<0.001).Conclusions We, therefore, recommend this surgical procedure to treat all patients with a similar disability because of its high success rate and low complication rate.     

一期开放松质骨植骨治疗感染性骨缺损的实验研究

目的 明确感染性骨折不愈合清创术后一期开放松质骨植骨的可行性，了解在感染的环境条件下，开放松质骨植骨愈合的组织病理变化过程。方法 新西兰白兔62只，制备双侧桡骨中段骨折，骨折端注射金黄色葡萄球菌制作感染性骨折模型，4周后经过x线片、病理、细菌培养来确定是否为感染。将确认为感染性骨折的47只兔，一侧桡骨行清创术并制造长度为1cm骨折端骨缺损，一期行自体松质骨植骨，伤口开放不闭合。另一侧桡骨不植骨为对照组。于第3、7天，第2、4、6、8、10、12周摄X线片，取材行EDTA脱钙，常规HE染色观察局部组织学变化。术后14周处死剩余兔取材行EDTA脱钙，常规HE染色组织病理检查及统计学分析。结果植骨术后第3、7天病理示绝大部分植骨条坏死。2周显示有新生骨痂生长。4周骨折愈合率：植骨组为20%，对照组为7％。6周骨愈合率分别为60％和20％。8～12周骨折愈合率分别为87％和67％。组织病理学显示在骨折愈合的不同阶段均可见缺损部位的炎症灶内有新骨形成和对松质骨条的替代过程。感染率：植骨组为13％，对照组为7％。骨痂面积：治疗组明显优于对照组(P＜0．01)。结论 一期开放植骨是治疗感染性骨缺损的一种简便、有效的方法。     

骨搬运与LCP结合植骨内固定治疗下肢感染性骨不连的比较

目的比较Ilizarov骨搬运技术与锁定加压接骨板(LCP)结合植骨内固定治疗下肢感染性骨不连的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-07—2015-04诊治的感染性骨不连22例,首先给予清创、VSD负压吸引及抗生素链珠置入控制感染,待感染控制良好后,进行Ilizarov骨搬运技术(骨搬运组11例)或LCP结合植骨内固定(LCP组11例)治疗。比较2组术中失血量、手术次数、感染控制率、住院时间、术后至开始部分负重时间及末次随访时AAOS评分。结果所有患者均获得随访3~35个月,平均24.2个月。末次随访时骨搬运组4例完全愈合恢复,7例感染消除,骨搬运已结束,处于骨愈合期;1例发生针道感染,常规换药加抗生素治愈。LCP组8例已完全恢复,3例出现感染,再次行手术治疗。与LCP组比较,骨搬运组术中失血量及手术次数较少,感染控制率更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组住院时间、术后至开始部分负重时间、AAOS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Ilizarov骨搬运技术治疗下肢感染性骨不连的感染控制率高,且能够有效保护软组织,促进其恢复,为肢体恢复长度提供保障。     

单臂外固定支架联合植骨治疗胫骨骨折骨不连

[目的]探讨单臂外固定支架联合植骨治疗胫骨骨折骨不连的优越性、安全性及疗效。[方法]自1996年以来应用单臂外固定支架治疗胫骨骨折骨不连43例，通过断端创新，自体髂骨植骨和轴向加压促进骨折愈合，早期活动以恢复关节功能。[结果]经术后6～15个月、平均10．3个月的随访，43例均获临床愈合，愈合时间为4—12个月，平均6．8个月，功能评价优35例，良7例，差1例。[结论]单臂外固定支架联合植骨治疗胫骨骨折骨不连，自体髂骨植骨和轴向加压促进骨折愈合，早期无痛关节活动有利于关节功能恢复，是一种即简便又切实可行的治疗方法。     

多形状植骨方式加钢板内固定治疗长管状骨骨不连

目的探讨多种形状植骨方式加钢板内固定治疗长管状骨骨不连的效果。方法2002年8月至2004年8月,28例长管状骨骨不连采用了块状、条状、粒状自体髂骨联合植骨加用有限接触钢板或重建钢板内固定术治疗。结果28例均获骨性愈合和良好功能,无内固定松动、弯曲、断裂。结论多种形式自体髂骨联合植骨有良好骨诱导作用,有限接触或重建钢板可提供坚强内固定,从而有利于骨折愈合和功能恢复。     

延期切开复位内固定选择性植骨治疗 C3型成人肱骨髁间骨折

目的：探讨延期切开复位内固定并选择性植骨治疗 C3型成人肱骨髁间骨折临床效果。方法对28例C3型成人肱骨髁间骨折患者采用延期切开复位内固定选择性植骨治疗,9例经舌形瓣入路,5例经肱三头肌内外侧联合切口入路,14例经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路。10例骨折端有明显骨缺损,5例取自体髂骨植骨,5例选用同种异体骨植骨。术后非持重状态下渐进性早期肘关节活动练习。结果所有患者均获随访,时间18～76（36．6±2．06）个月。骨折均愈合。肘关节功能评价按 HSS 评分标准进行功能评定：优13例,良12例,可2例,差1例。2例可及1例差者分别为舌形瓣入路及肱三头肌内外侧联合入路。结论采用延期切开复位内固定选择性植骨治疗 C3型成人肱骨髁间骨折疗效满意。     

Osteosynthesis of ununited femoral neck fracture by internal fixation combined with iliac crest bone chips and muscle pedicle bone grafting

Background:Ununited femoral neck fracture is seen commonly in developing countries due to delayed presentation or failure of primary internal fixation. Such fractures, commonly present with partial or total absorption of femoral neck, osteonecrosis of femoral head in 8–30% cases with upward migration of trochanter posing problem for osteosynthesis, especially in younger individuals. Several techniques for treatment of such conditions are described like osteotomies or nonvascularied cortical or cancellous bone grafting provided varying degrees of success in terms of fracture union but unsatisfactory long term results occurred due to varying incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head. Moreover, in presence of AVN of femoral head neither free fibular graft nor cancellous bone graft is satisfactory. The vascularied bone grafting by deep circumflex iliac artery based on iliac crest bone grafting, free vascularied fibular grafting and muscle pedicle periosteal grafting showed high incidence of success rate. Osteosynthesis is the preferred treatment of choice in ununited femoral neck fracture in younger individuals.Results:The mean followup is 12.5 years (range 3-35). The union of fractures occurred in 202 (82.8%), delayed union in 18 (7.3%), and established nonunion in 24 (9.8%) patients. Full weight bearing was permitted at 16–22 weeks after union of fractures. Mean Harris hip score at the longest followup was 85.5. Among the complications, superficial wound infection occurred in 20 (8.2%), deep infection in seven (2.9%), and coxa vara in 39 (16%) patients. Preoperative radiodensity of femoral head disappeared mostly after the union of fracture whereas fresh radiodensity of femoral head appeared in 20 (8%) patients; nine (45%) of them developed segmental collapse.Conclusion:Ununited femoral neck fractureis characterized by absorption of femoral neck, posterior cortical defect, smoothening and overriding of fracture surfaces with intervening fibrous tissues associated with or without AVN of femoral head. The above method of osteosynthesis rectified the above pathology and provided satisfactory results with union of fractures in 90.1% patients at long term followup.     

一期清创植骨融合治疗胫骨平台骨折内固定后骨髓炎

<正>2009年1月~2012年6月,我科对11例胫骨平台骨折内固定后骨髓炎患者采用一期清创植骨融合治疗,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组11例,男9例,女2例,年龄23~57岁。病程3个月~4年。左侧4例,右侧7例。10例患者合并有窦道,11例患者均合并有膝关节功能障碍。4例使用钢板内固定,7例使用     

USS复位内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的探讨采用通用脊柱系统(USS)复位内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用通用脊柱系统(USS)复位内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折27例,术后及随访期间摄X线片,测定椎体成角、上下终板成角、椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值,了解术后骨折复位情况以及随访期间内固定有无失败和复位丢失情况。结果通过手术复位,椎体成角、上下终板成角、椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值均明显改善,术后随访测量以上结果与术后相比无明显变化,无一例发生内固定失败。结论采用USS复位内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折可有效地防止内固定失败以及脊柱骨折复位丢失和后凸畸形,是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折较理想的方法。     

One-stage salvage of fractured nasal prosthesis with immediate calvarial bone grafting

An open fracture of a nasal prosthesis usually means the primary removal of teh prosthesis and a secondary reconstruction. A case with this problem was treated by a one-stage reconstruction using a calvarial bone graft.     

Nonvascularized fibular grafting in nonunion of femoral neck fracture: A systematic review

Nonunion of femoral neck fractures following primary fixation and neglected femoral neck fracture in young adults is a challenging task. Every effort should be directed toward hip joint salvage in these patients. Among different available options of hip salvage, nonvascularized fibular graft (NVFG) osteosynthesis is simple, easy to perform, and a successful technique. In this review, the available literature on NVFG in neglected and nonunion femoral neck fractures has been analyzed. After review of 15 articles on NVFG, the average nonunion rate was estimated to be 7.86% (range 0–31%). Six articles that evaluated the preoperative and postoperative osteonecrosis reported improvement in 50% patients. The clinical and/or functional outcome was good to excellent in 56–96% patients following fibular osteosynthesis. Few complications such as coxa vara deformity, limb shortening, and intraarticular penetration of the graft or hardware have been reported. However, there are minimal donor site morbidities such as mild ankle pain, transient loss of toe flexors and extensors and transient lateral popliteal nerve palsy.     

锁定钢板联合自体松质骨、BMP治疗小儿股骨干骨折术后不愈合的疗效:生物相容性研究

目的探讨锁定钢板联合自体松质骨,骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)治疗小儿股骨干骨折不愈合的临床疗效。方法 2012年1月-2016年6月我院共收治28例小儿股骨干骨折术后延迟愈合患者,其中16例采用锁定钢板联合同种异体骨植骨和BMP治疗,12例采用弹性髓内钉固定。观察两组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用和术后下地锻炼时间,术后随访1年,定期复查X线片,观察骨折愈合情况和内固定稳定性,统计并发症发生情况。结果术后所有病例均达到骨性愈合,X线发现内固定无松动。观察组平均愈合时间为3.89±0.28个月,对照组为3.82±0.25个月,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在随访期间均未出现骨折不愈或延迟愈合。两组均未出现感染、股骨头坏死、髋内翻畸形、低血压等并发症。两组术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用和术后下地锻炼时间无明显差异(P0.05);手术时间对照组长于观察组,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论锁定钢板联合自体松质骨,骨形态发生蛋白治疗小儿股骨干骨折不愈合疗效可靠,并发症少。     

Ⅰ期开放松质骨植骨治疗感染性骨缺损

目的：探讨Ⅰ期开放松质骨植骨治疗感染性骨缺损的可行性,总结提高治疗成功率的因素。方法：12例感染性骨缺损患者,男8例,女4例;年龄22～68岁,平均42岁。其中跟骨骨缺损7例,胫骨4例,股骨1例。采用患处换药,刮除失活的软组织及骨组织,清创后Ⅰ期行自体松质骨植骨,伤口开放,术后创面爬满肉芽后行游离植皮治疗。结果：术后移植骨质表面覆盖肉芽组织时间平均24.1d,创面完全闭合时间平均30.3d,所有患者经过8～30个月（平均18个月）随访,所有骨缺损处经植骨后均骨性愈合,未发现感染复发者。结论：Ⅰ期开放植骨术是治疗感染性骨缺损简单可行的方法,术前刮除失活组织,术中彻底清除肉芽组织、充分植入松质骨及术后严格无菌换药是手术成功的关键。     

经皮植骨和切开植骨治疗胫骨干骨折术后骨延迟愈合和骨不连

目的比较经皮植骨和切开植骨治疗胫骨干骨折延迟愈合及骨不连的效果。方法 37例胫骨干骨折延迟愈合和骨不连患者随机分成两组,19例行经皮植骨,18例行切开植骨,两组植骨量相同。结果与切开植骨比较,经皮植骨失血量减少,手术时间短（P〈0.05）。并发症：经皮植骨组1例术后胫前神经麻痹,6周后完全恢复;切开植骨组2例术后33周仍不愈合,48周出现内固定钢板松动,再次髓内钉结合植骨治疗。愈合率和骨愈合时间两组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在促进胫骨干骨愈合方面,经皮植骨与切开植骨比较效果相似,可作为切开植骨的替代。     

不同能量级别体外冲击波与骨不连愈合的关系

[目的]根据不同能量级别体外冲击波对兔桡骨骨不连的影响，获得治疗骨不连的最佳冲击波能量。[方法]选用雌性新西兰大白兔32只，随机分为A、B2组，以每只动物双前肢桡骨为实验对象，又分为A1、A2、B1、B2四组，A1、B1组为右前肢，A2、B2组为左前肢，制成桡骨骨不连模型。分别用0．3、0．4、0．5、0．6mj／mm^2 4种能量级别的冲击波对A1、A2、B1、B2 4组分别进行治疗，于治疗前后观察和比较各组的治疗情况、x线片和组织学变化，并作统计学分析。[结果]各组治疗前后骨折间隙的变化在统计学上均有非常显著性差异（P〈0．01），而治疗后第8、12周各组间比较，A：、B，组骨折间隙的愈合情况明显优于A1、B2组，差异有显著或非常显著性意义（P〈0．05～P〈0．01）。[结论]0．4～0．5mj／mm^2是治疗骨不连的最佳冲击波能量级别，能量过低或过高均可影响骨不连愈合或造成组织损伤。