燃煤污染型氟病区儿童发中元素分析

目的 了解燃煤污染型氟病区人群发中9种元素含量对人体健康的影响。方法 对四川省8个燃煤污染型氟病区和1个非病区儿童头发、农户燃煤及玉米中Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cd、Mo、Al9种元素含量进行检测和对比分析。结果 病区儿童头发中的Ca、Zn、Mo均值较低,Fe、Mn、Cd、Al均值较高;病区儿童发Cd与煤Cd含量有关。结论 提示燃煤污染型氟病区人群除受氟的影响外,还受高镉、低钙、低锌等因素的影响。     

活化蛇纹石降砖茶水氟含量可行性研究

目的：观察蛇纹石活化后降砖茶水氟效果及降氟前，后砖茶水化学成分的改变。方法：按少数民族饮砖茶习惯熬制的砖茶水（含茶5g/L，在砖茶水含氟量约3.52mg/L）约活化蛇纹石处理后，观察其氟含量及砖茶水水质变化，用电极法测砖水氟含量。用原子吸收分光光度法测砖茶水中Mg,Ca,Zn,Fe,Cu等元素含量。结果：活化蛇纹石对砖茶水有降氟作用，在最佳条件下蛇纹石降氟容量可达0.31mg/g；降氟后砖茶水中镁，钙，锌，铁，铜含量均有不同程度升高，结论：蛇纹石作为一种降氟剂是安全，价廉，有效，并能释放有益人体健康的元素。     

砖茶高氟原因调查

砖茶含氟病引起氟中毒的报道已逐渐增多，被氟学界定为一种新的地方性氟中毒流行类型。现已引起国家高层领导的重视。人所共知茶科植物是自然界的高氟植物，对其高氟成因也有较多研究，但仍不完全清楚。至于砖茶含氟特别高，比一般的细茶（如绿茶、红茶、花茶等）高出几倍、几十倍，甚至上百倍。而不同产地的砖茶含氟又高低悬殊，其原因何在？这涉及到如何制定相应防治对策而显得十分重要。笔者于１９８６年进行了该调查．现将资料整理如下。１内容与方法１．１茶园和茶厂调查 对四川的主要砖茶产地（雅安、荥经、都江堰、北川）的茶园进行…     

大骨节病区外环境21种元素水平与病区活跃指数的相关分析

本文对内蒙西部大骨节新发病区外环境21种化学元素水平进行了测定,结果表明:土壤中Se、Fe、Ni,粮食中Se、Zn、Fe、Mn、K、Ni、V及居民饮水中Se、Fe含量均明显低于非病区;而土壤Cu、Co、Sr和水Ca、K、Mn、Mo、Mg和粮食As、Ca、Al等元素则显著升高。相关及逐步判别分析结果证实:该病区外环境中Se、Co、Fe、Mn、Ca、Pb、V的变化对大骨节病情有很大的影响,与病情活跃指数呈明显的相关性。这一结果对病区的划分,病因的探讨具有重要的意义。     

茶叶氟与饮茶过量氟中毒

饮茶过量氟中毒主要流行于惯饮砖茶的藏族、蒙古族、哈萨克族、裕固族和部分维吾尔族等居民中，砖茶是一种粗制茶叶，其含氟量受原料采季节、产地、土壤氟含量等多种因素影响。茶叶中多为水可浸出氟，病区饮用茶水氟多在２～３ｍｇ／Ｌ，以茶或奶茶为主要饮料的居民通过饮茶摄入过量氟而引起氟中毒。存在其他高氟来源的病区，过量饮茶可加重病情。     

肃南县饮茶型地方性氟中毒调查分析

目的了解甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县(肃南县)饮茶型地方性氟中毒的病情危害程度,为制定饮茶型氟中毒防治规划和措施提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学调查方法了解成人、儿童患病情况,并对砖茶及饮用水含氟量进行调查。结果未检出成人氟骨症,儿童氟斑牙检出率为14.81%;砖茶氟含量在609.3~854.4 mg/kg,均值为706.5 mg/kg。结论肃南县农、牧民均有饮茶习惯,砖茶氟含量高于国家≤300 mg/kg的标准,属饮茶型地方性氟中毒病区。     

饮茶型氟中毒病区主要食物氟含量调查分析

目的 查明饮茶型氟中毒重点病区主要食物中的氟含量，旨在了解我国南、北方饮茶型氟中毒病区居民从食物中摄入氟的水平。方法 加热酸浸－氟离子自动控制有法和扩散－氟离子选择电极法。结果 内蒙古饮茶氟中毒病区与非病区主要食物氟含量比较显著差异无显著意（Ｐ〉０．０５），内蒙古、四川两病区的主食和蔬菜氟含量差异有显著意义（Ｐ〈０．０１），但这些食物氟含量均值都低于国家制订的食物氟允许量１～５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结论 饮     

呼盟新巴尔虎左旗地方性氟中毒调查

目的　了解饮水型氟中毒病区范围及饮茶型氟中毒病区。方法　采用氟电极法测定水氟、茶氟含量,用Dean氏分度法进行儿童氟斑牙诊断。结果　只有阿苏木水氟含量为（2.12±0.74）mg/L,其它苏木水氟含量均在正常标准以下;奶茶氟含量在0.55～4.1mg/L之间;砖茶含氟量在（1.37±1.20)mg/g;儿童氟斑牙检出率超过30％的仅有1个苏木。结论　新巴尔虎左旗如果视为氟中毒病区,尚需做深入细致调查研究。     

大骨节病儿童发中化学元素含量与病情的相关性研究

陕西省彬县炭店乡大骨节病儿童发中元素含量大小顺序 Ca>>P>Zn>Mg>A(?)>Fe>>Cu>Mn>Pb≈Sr>Ba>>Mo>Se。Ca、Mg、Sr、Zn 男女发中含量差异非常明显(P<0.001)。发中 Se、Sr、Mn 的含量非常明显低于非病区,但是 Mo 明显高于非病区(P<0.001)。发 Se 含量愈低病情愈重。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔市饮茶型氟铝联合中毒研究

目的探讨饮茶型氟中毒是否为砖茶型氟铝联合中毒。方法对饮茶型氟中毒病区进行饮水、砖茶、奶茶、主食、副食及牧民发、血、尿氟铝水平检测,对饮茶型氟中毒病区儿童和成人进行临床检查和拍摄 X 线片,同时对成人进行血液生物化学检查,以饮水型病区及非病区居民为对照组。结果呼伦贝尔市饮茶型病区饮水、主食、副食氟铝水平均在正常范围,砖茶氟铝水平分别为(541.3±48.8)、(4351±724)mg/kg,奶茶氟铝水平分别为(3.83±0.73)、(4.28±1.56)mg/L。饮水型病区饮水氟铝水平分别为(3.68±1.05)、(0.45±0.25)mg/L。饮茶型病区牧民氟总摄入量96.15%、铝总摄入量89.60%来源于砖茶。儿童氟斑牙检出率饮茶型病区为25.24%,饮水型病区为63.17%,饮茶型病区非常显著低于饮水型病区(P<0.01);成人氟中毒检出率饮茶型病区为42.61%,饮水型病区为28.83%,饮茶型病区显著高于饮水型病区(P<0.01)。结论呼伦贝尔市饮茶型氟中毒发病机理较为复杂,可能是砖茶型氟铝联合中毒。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.