Effect of ethanol concentration on the maximal specific growth rate and biomass composition ofYarrowia lipolytica mutant strain No. 1

the effect of ethanol concentration on the maximal specific growth rate and biomass composition ofYarrowia lipolytica No. 1 was studied during culturing in the pH-auxostat mode. Growth inhibition set in starting from a 2.64 g/liter residual concentration of ethanol. The constant of ethanol inhibition was 11.0 g/liter. Growth inhibition with ethanol was associated with changes of the fatty-acid composition of lipids and a resultant reduction of lipid unsaturation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 71–73, January, 1996 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of low-dose ethanol on rat progeny upon inhalation exposure during gestation

Effects of ethanol in low concentrations on the course of pregnancy in rats and the development and metabolic characteristics of their progeny are studied: the morphology and function of pathological shifts are assessed and the level of endogenous ethanol in the blood and acetylcholinesterase activity in erythrocyte membranes measured. Inhalation exposure to ethanol is found to retard the development of the progeny. The consumption of ethanol by the progeny in the experimental group was 1.5 times higher than in the control. The results indicate that even trace amounts of ethanol in the atmosphere are toxic for the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 265–267, March, 1996 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Impaired plasticity of hippocampal synaptic transmission in rats exposed to prenatal hypoxia is normalized by treatment with nootropic dipeptides

Experiments on hippocampal slices from young rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia duringin utero development revealed enhanced responsiveness (an increase in a CA1 field response amplitude) and reduced plasticity (a low incidence of field response long-term potentation following high-frequency stimulation) of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Postnatal treatment of animals with piracetam peptide analogs constructed on the basis of pyroglutamate and proline normalized both these physiological indices. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 592–595, December, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of long-term alcoholic intoxication,ethanol withdrawal,and insulin on glucose utilization,hexokinase activity,and ATP level in rat erythrocytes

Erythrocytes from rats that have been receiving ethanol for 30 days show a reduced capacity to utilize glucose and a reduced hexokinase activity. Following ethanol withdrawal, glucose utilization by erythrocytes and their hexokinase activity do not change significantly, while the ATP level in these cells drops. Insulin administered to the rats after ethanol withdrawal normalizes glucose utilization and ATP and raises hexokinase activity to levels exceeding its control values. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 29–32, January, 1994 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of weightlessness on the development of the nervous system and peripheral analyzers inXenopus laevis larvae

The study was carried out within the framework of a Russian-Canadian experiment aboard the Bion-10 satellite. The volume and surface area of the gray and white matter and ventricles of the brain, retina, olfactory placodes, the VIII nerve ganglia, and vascular plexus were measured inXenopus laevis which had been in a state of weight-lessness for 2 weeks since their hatching. Zero gravity was found to stimulate the growth of nerve processes, to increase the surface of the vascular plexus, and to impede the development of the retina, olfactory placodes, and VIII nerve ganglia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 650–653, June, 1995 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antenatal effects of ethanol and limontar on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system in the brain and liver of rat progeny

In contrast to short-term exposure, prolonged exposure to ethanol in the anternatal period is found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver of rats. Activation of the system of antioxidant defense in the brain and liver is observed after both short-and long-term exposure to ethanol. After short-term ethanol exposure, limontar normalizes lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noii Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 41–44, January, 1994 Presented by M. Ya. Studenikin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Morphometric analysis of the pulmonary vessels in premature neonates

In premature neonates with the respiratory distress syndrome the vessels of the pulmonary arterial system show stereotypical changes: dystonia with the predominance of vasoconstriction, a thickened muscular layer, and a narrowed lumen. A morphometric index is proposed: the coefficient of nonuniformity of the medial thickness of the vascular wall, which reflects a structural reorganization of the pulmonary vessels in different pathological processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 311–314, September, 1994 Presented by Yu. I. Borodin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Changes in the blood-brain barrier in experimental cirrhosis of the liver

Light and electron microscopic studies on Wistar rats with experimental cirrhosis produced by tetrachloromethane demonstrate strongly marked changes in the blood-brain barrier, particularly in capillaries and vascular pedicles of astrocytes. It is pointed out that destabilization of the blood-brain barrier favors the transfer of cerebral toxins and other metabolic poisons across this barrier. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 86–88, July, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Pathomorphologic investigation of intraorgan arteries in patients with coarctation of the aorta

A stereotypic angiospasm develops in intraorganic arteries during coarctation of the aorta, which is characterized by different functional impacts: resistance in the basin of elevated vascular pressure and pressure and bloodflow regulation in the hypotension basin. The most marked structural changes are observed in the renal and coronary arteries. Changes in the small coronary arteries are mainly due to myocardial hypertrophy, whereas in the larger ones they are caused by the increased pressure transferred from the aorta. The degree of structural changes in the larger coronary arteries is greater than in the small arteries. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 332–336, March, 1995     

Ultrastructural reorganizations of synaptic contacts in an organotypic culture of the brain cortex in the presence of ethanol

The effect of various ethanol concentrations (0.5 and 1%) on the ultrastructure of interneouronal contacts is studied in an organotypic culture of the brain cortex from newborn rats. It is shown that ethanol in the culture medium causes geometric complications in the synaptic contacts. Morphometric analysis of synapses reveals an increase of the area and perimeter of axon terminals and of the length of the active zone of the contact, as well as a decrease of the coefficient determined by the ratio of the number of synaptic vesicles to the length of the active zone of the contact. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120 N ^o 7, pp. 99–102, July, 1995 Presented by V. Ya. Semke, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.     

Impact of twelve-day combined exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and physical exercise on structural and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in rats

This study, in which rats were exposed on 12 successive days to hypoxia in combination with exercise on a treadmill, showed that a reduction in partial oxygen pressure leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the structural component of vascular resistance rather than to improvement in the system of oxygen utilization, and that such combined exposure may cause alterations in protein synthesis and result in early stimulation of capillary growth in muscles, as well as elicit differential changes of enzyme activity in different types of muscle fibers. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 602–605, June, 1995 Presented by A. I. Grigor'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ion transport and its adrenergic regulation in erythrocyte membranes of the breamabramis brama injected with a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls

In the first 10 days after the injection of Sovol-54 (a mixture of chlorinated biphenyls) into the breamAbramis brama, considerable alterations in the hormonal regulation of cotranport were observed for erythrocytes of this fish, along with an increase in the passive permeability of their membranes. No significant changes were recorded in Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity or its adrenergic regulation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 379–381, October, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of ten-day aerobic training on the energy potential and blood supply of skeletal muscle in rats

The activity of mitochondrial creatine kinase is found to increase in skeletal muscles of rats after ten days of running a treadmill. Over that short period, however, no significant increases occur either in the maximal rate of mitochondrial respiration or in the number of capillaries per skeletal muscle fiber and their density, nor are the early adaptive changes in muscle tissue accompanied by modifications in the resistive or metabolic compartments of the vascular bed, i.e. by improvements in the blood supply to muscle tissue. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 33–35, January, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Functional state of the esophagus in cardiospasm according to esophagomanometry data

Functional changes occurring in the esophagus at different stages of cardiospasm revealed by esophagomanometry are presented. Esophagomanometry is helpful for making a more precise diagnosis, for identifying the stage of the disease, and determining treatment. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 334–336, September, 1994 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of the organophosphorus pesticide anthio on the blood supply to the brain

Experiments with cats using ultrasound shown that exposure to the organophosphorus compound Anthio leads to a reduction of vascular resistance of the carotid and internal maxillary arteries. The bloodflow in these arteries does not decrease for a long time. The share of bloodflow in the internal maxillary artery is increased vis-a-vis the total flow in the carotid artery. A reduction of the blood supply to the brain is observed only by the end of the experiment witb a blood pressure of 40 to 50 mm Hg. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 270–275, March, 1995 Presented by N. A. Agadzhanyan, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Damage to the internal organs of experimental animals infected with Marburg's virus

It is shown that in grivets and guinea pigs Marburg's virus reproduces in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, in hepatocytes, and in a few endotheliocytes. Marked pathological changes develop in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. A peculiarity of infection in monkeys is the entire absence of morphological manifestations of an inflammatory reaction and of immune system activation. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are thought to play a crucial role in the development of pathological changes in the organism of infected monkeys and guinea pigs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 430–434, April, 1994     

Plasticity and stability of synapse architectonics of the cerebral cortex

Changes in the interneuronal contacts and recombinant changes in the synapse architectonics play an important role in its plasticity. Along with the reorganization of the synapse architectonics, these changes are attended by an increase or decrease in the number of interneuronal contacts. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny Vol., 121, N ^o 3, pp. 321–323, March, 1996 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of binding sites for high-density lipoproteins in cultured rat hepatocytes (Independence of the hormone effect on the intracellular cholesterol pool)

It is shown that glucocorticoids play a key regulatory role directed toward the maintenance of an optimal level of binding and internalization of HDL₃ in hepatocytes. Their stimulatory effect on the expression of HDL receptors proves to be independent of changes in the CH content in parenchymal cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 50–53, January, 1994     

Comparative morphometric and information analysis of the changes in different parts of the pancreas following ligation

The compensatory-adaptive changes in the guinea pig exocrine and endocrine pancreas following ligation are studied using morphometric and information methods. Objective criteria for evaluating organ changes are elaborated. The specific features of regeneration in exocrine and endocrine parts of the organ are described. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 86–88, January, 1995     

Response of hypothalamic accessory nonapeptidergic centers to hypophysectomy in rats

Accessory centers were calculated to contain more than 600 nonapeptidergic cells, most of which proved to be oxytocinergic. One week after hypophysectomy, morphometric measurements and morphofunctional changes in the nonapeptidergic cells of accessory centers indicated decreased synthesis of oxytocin and vasopressin by these cells as well as diminished transport of these neurohormones along their fibers. In contrast to the supraoptic, postoptic, and paraventricular nuclei, no degenerative cells were present in the accessory centers following hypophysectomy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 605–608, June, 1994