彩超对宫内早孕和异位妊娠子宫内膜改变的观察及其临床意义

目的彩超对宫内早孕子宫内膜改变和子宫动脉血流测值与异位妊娠进行比较。方法回顾分析46例宫内早孕和24例异位妊娠超声诊断。结果宫内早孕和异位妊娠子宫内膜改变区别较大。结论通过观察子宫内膜改变有助于诊断宫内早孕或异位妊娠。     

Ultrasonography of choledocholithiasis

In a retrospective study of patients with ultrasonographically demonstrable choledocholithiasis, 81 stones were demonstrated in 46 patients. The majority of the stones were between 5 and 10 mm in diameter; the smallest was 2 mm and the largest 23 mm. Of the 81 stones, 64 demonstrated acoustical shadowing; 56 were located in the distal segment of the common bile duct. Stones in the common bile duct are best demonstrated by sagittal sections with the patient in the right anterior oblique position. It is possible but more difficult to demonstrate stones within a normal-sized common bile duct. Several possible sources of confusion in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones are discussed. Ultrasonography of the common bile duct is best performed with a high-resolution real-time sector scanner. The accuracy and frequency of detection of common bile duct stones have increased significantly with the advances in technology and improvement in resolution of the mechanical sector real-time scanners.     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤彩色多普勒超声及超声造影表现

目的 探讨肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的彩色多普勒超声及超声造影征象,提高术前诊断准确性.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的24例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的彩色多普勒超声及超声造影表现.结果 24例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤均行彩色多普勒超声检查,大多表现为体积较大、边界清晰、类圆形或椭圆形、低回声、回声分布较均匀的肿块,4例呈长条形,1例有囊性变,50％可见点状钙化,彩色多普勒多不能探及血流信号.9例进行了超声造影,注入超声造影剂后,4例病灶基本无灌注,5例有造影剂灌注(4例呈弱灌注,1例中等灌注),造影剂到达时间为16～25S.结论 肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现特异性不高,超声造影可为其与肾上腺侵袭性病变的鉴别提供一定信息.     

眼眶球后占位性病变的常规超声及超声造影表现

目的探讨眼眶球后占位性病变的常规超声及超声造影表现。方法回顾性分析我院经手术病理证实的眼眶球后占位性病变65例的常规超声及超声造影表现。结果纳入65例的患者,男29例,女36例,平均年龄(49.23±13.57)岁。包括血管源性肿瘤36例(55.38%),神经源性肿瘤13例(20.00%),淋巴瘤6例(9.23%),其他少见病例10例(15.38%)。常规超声能清晰显示眼球后肿瘤边界、形态、内部回声及血流信号,超声造影能清晰显示肿瘤内部微循环及周边有无浸润。结论眼眶球后占位性病变的常规超声及超声造影表现有一定的特征性,对其术前的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的超声及造影表现

目的 探讨肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HAML)的超声及超声造影表现与其诊断价值.方法 17例经穿刺或手术病理证实的HAML患者,术前均接受常规影像学检查,其中8例接受超声造影检查,观察病灶的边界、内部回声、后方回声及造影3个时相的表现;术后对其病理进行分型.结果 常规超声示肌细胞为主型10例,呈低回声为主的不均质回声;混合型6例,呈高回声为主的不均质回声;脂肪细胞为主型1例,呈均匀高回声;无血管瘤型.超声造影示8例病灶动脉相有87.5％ (7/8)病灶呈均匀或不均匀高回声,12.5％(1/8)病灶呈等回声;门脉相病灶均呈高回声或等回声,延迟相有87.5％(7/8)病灶呈高回声或呈等回声,12.5％ (1/8)病灶呈稍低回声.结论 HAML是一种多成分构成的富血供肿瘤,二维超声联合超声造影提高了HAML的术前诊断正确率,对鉴别富血供的肝脏良恶性肿瘤具有重大的意义.     

Ultrasonography of mediastinal teratoma

We have studied real-time sonograms of 11 surgically proven benign mediastinal teratomas. Eight cystic teratomas were sonographically visualized as various kinds of masses: four complex, two solid, and two cystic. The echo patterns of cystic teratomas were determined by the serous or nonserous nature of the cysts. In the presence of serous fluid, the tumor was visualized as a cystic mass. If, on the other hand, the cyst of the tumor was nonserous or was sebaceous, it appeared as a solid or complex tumor. The remaining three solid teratomas, which had some small cysts, appeared as complex tumors.     

脐尿管癌的超声诊断

目的分析探讨脐尿管癌的超声表现。方法对本组5例经手术、病理证实的脐尿管癌患者,进行分析总结。结果5例病灶均位于膀胱顶部或前壁,均累及膀胱壁全层,其中有2例浸润至侧壁,有3例侵犯膀胱周围组织。病理诊断均为腺癌。超声图像表现以低回声为主,回声不均质,肿块形态不规则。结论脐尿管癌是一种少见的恶性肿瘤,肿瘤的部位对于诊断较有帮助,超声检查可了解肿瘤的部位、大小及其侵犯程度,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Cancer of the endometrium

Cancer of the endometrium is the most common and curable gynecologic malignancy. It has a most easily recognizable symptom in its usual presentation as postmenopausal bleeding. Treatment may vary considerably based on prognostic factors and may include surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal manipulation, or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Rehabilitation is the focus of nursing intervention and is initiated at the time of the cancer diagnosis. The continued effort by investigators to define intermediate and high-risk populations and, thus, appropriate adjuvant treatment will continue to reduce mortality from endometrial carcinoma.     

卵泡膜细胞瘤的超声诊断

复习２６例卵泡膜瘤的临床及声像图表现，临床症状为腹部包块８０．７％，腹水６１．５％，腹痛、腹胀４２．３％，阴道不规则出血１１．５％，腹水合并右侧胸水３．８％。阴道不规则出血多发生在绝经期后。声像图呈实性肿物占６１．５％，囊、实性肿物占３８．５％。实性肿物中有１５．４％由于胶原纤维成分多，有坚实的包膜，从而表现为肿物前部呈强回声带，后方明显衰减，以至后壁不能显示，为较具有特征性的声像图表现。卵泡膜细     

Ultrasonography of echinococcal cysts

Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out on four patients who had a total of six hydatid cysts. Three different patterns of cyst structure were recognized. These patterns are simple cyst, cyst with non-specific complex internal structure, and a “cyst within a cyst” pattern. The latter pattern depicting a daughter cyst within the primary cyst is thought to be a distinctive feature of echinococcal cysts, if not specific for them. Recognition of the cyst within a cyst pattern should permit a reasonably confident Ultrasonographic diagnosis of hydatid disease.