成都市成年居民肥胖流行现状及其与慢性病的关系

目的 了解成都市成年人超重和肥胖的流行特征,探讨超重和肥胖与慢性病的关系.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样,对成都市主城区及近郊区县12个社区7 179名18岁以上成年人进行调查.结果 调查人群的体质指数均值为(22.67±3.71)kg/m2,男性(22.88±3.52)kg/m2,女性(22.50±3.84)kg/m2.超重、肥胖的粗患病率分别为24.15%和5.39%,标化患病率分别为21.47%和4.69%.超重粗患病率男性(26.15%)高于女性(22.68%),差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肥胖粗患病率女性(5.83%)高于男性(4.79%),差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随体质指数的增加,高血压、糖尿病、冠心病的患病率均呈上升趋势(P＜0.05).结论 成都市超过1/4的成年居民超重和肥胖,肥胖人群相关慢性病患病率高于正常人群,已经成为一个重要的公共卫生问题.     

安庆市宜秀区农村居民超重和肥胖的流行现状及影响因素分析

目的了解安庆市宜秀区农村居民超重和肥胖的流行特点及影响因素。方法采取整群随机抽样方法,抽取宜秀区年龄大于18岁农村常住居民2 905人(其中男性1 460人,女姓1 445人)测量身高、体重和血压值,分析超重、肥胖患病现况不同体质指数(BMI)对象的高血压患病率进行比较。结果安庆市宜秀区农村居民超重率为31.3%,标化率30.3%;肥胖率为9.4%,标化率9.0%。男性的超重肥胖好发于文化程度较高的已婚中年人群,女性的超重肥胖率好发于文化程度较低的已婚中老年人群。BMI大于24 kg/m2的人群高血压患病率与小于24kg/m2比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=95.7,P<0.01)。结论安庆市农村超重率和肥胖率呈现较高水平流行。     

1989-2006年辽宁省成年居民体质指数分布及变化趋势

目的 探讨1989-2006年辽宁省成年居民不同性别、年龄和居住社区体质指数(BMI)分布及变化趋势.方法 利用1989、1991、1993、2000、2004和2006年"中国健康与营养调查"项目6次追踪资料,选取辽宁地区18～45岁的健康成年居民作为本次研究对象.结果 1989-2006年辽宁省18～45岁成年居民BMI均值呈现逐年增长的趋势,1989年BMI均值为(22.1±9.4)kg/m2,而2006年上升到(24.0±5.2)kg/m2.其中男性BMI均值从(22.1±2.1)kg/m2上升到(24.6±5.1)kg/m2,女性BMI均值从(22.1±2.6)kg/m2上升到(23.9±4.3)kg/m2,男性增长幅度大于女性.30岁及以上成年居民BMI均值增长较快,到2006年BMI均值已超过24.0 kg/m2;城市、郊区、县城和农村居民BMI均值1989年分别为(21.8±2.4)kg/m2、(21.8±2.6)kg/m2、(22.1±2.7)kg/m2和(21.1±2.2)kg/m2,到2006年分别增长为(24.0±4.2)kg/m2、(23.9±4.0)kg/m2、(24.2±4.2)kg/m2和(22.6±3.5)kg/m2.城市、郊区和县城居民BMI均值增长较快,农村居民BMI均值增长较慢.随着BMI水平的提高,成年居民低体重率逐年降低,而超重肥胖率呈现快速增长的趋势.1989年辽宁省成年居民低体重率为6.9%,超重肥胖率为10.3%,到2006年该人群低体重率为4.5%,超重肥胖率为31.9%,17 a间居民超重肥胖率增长了21.6个百分点,其增长幅度为209.7%,平均每年增长率为6.9%.结论 辽宁省成年居民BMI逐年增长,应加以控制.     

1997～2009年中国九省区成人体质指数分布及变化趋势研究

目的分析1997～2009年中国九省区不同性别、年龄和居住地区的18～59岁成人体质指数(BMI)分布及变化趋势。方法选取1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年"中国居民健康与营养调查"中18～59岁成年居民作为研究对象,分析不同特征研究对象BMI及超重肥胖率的变化趋势。结果 1997～2009年,我国成年BMI均值从22.3±3.0 kg/m2上升到23.4±3.4 kg/m2;男女BMI均值分别上升了1.4 kg/m2和0.8 kg/m2;18岁～、30岁～、40岁～和50～59岁年龄组BMI均值分别上升了0.4 kg/m2、0.6 kg/m2、1.2 kg/m2和1.0 kg/m2;城市、郊区、县城和农村居民BMI均值分别上升了0.4 kg/m2、0.9 kg/m2、1.0 kg/m2和1.4 kg/m2;低体重率从6.9%下降到5.8%,超重肥胖率从25.1%上升到39.6%。结论采取有效措施,控制成人BMI过快增长,从而预防超重肥胖及其相关慢性病,是我国慢病预防控制工作面临的重要挑战。     

重庆市社区居民超重肥胖及其与慢性病的关系

目的了解重庆市居民超重与肥胖现状及其相关疾病的发病情况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对重庆市沙坪坝区人群进行问卷调查,获得居民个人基本情况,体检获取身高、体质指数（BMI）等数据。结果共收集有效问卷59 264份。样本人群BMI均值为（21.82±2.80）kg/m2,超重和肥胖的患病率分别为14.30%和1.83%;女性超重和肥胖（14.83%和2.07%）比例高于男性（13.70%和1.57%）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;18~岁年龄组超重和肥胖率最低,随着年龄的增长,超重和肥胖率都呈上升趋势;65~岁组超重、肥胖率均最高（24.62%和3.48%）,随体质指数的增加,高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、高脂血症的患病率均呈上升趋势（P〈0.05）。结论被调查人群中超重、肥胖及其相关疾病患病率较高,应尽早采取预防控制措施,对居民进行防治知识的宣传教育。     

社区居民体重指数与高血压和高血压前期关系调查分析

目的探讨体质指数(BM I)对人群高血压和高血压前期患病率的影响。方法分层抽取社区居民,用描述性流行病学方法进行比较分析。结果根据我国判断BM I的标准超重和肥胖的患病率分别为:男性37.56%、23.00%;女性35.33%、18.69%。按不同BM I标准分组的高血压患病率分别为17.58%(BM I24.0 kg/m2)、64.52%(BM I:24.0~27.9 kg/m2)、86.30%(BM I≥28.0 kg/m2)。高血压的危险性随着体质指数的增加而升高。多因素Lo-gistic回归分析显示:超重和肥胖是高血压的危险因素。结论超重和肥胖组的高血压患病率明显高于非超重和非肥胖组的患病率,超重和肥胖往往与高血压共存。     

2013-2017年贵阳市部分高考人群超重及肥胖流行趋势

目的 分析2013-2017年贵阳市部分高考人群超重及肥胖流行趋势。方法 连续5年采集贵阳市部分高考考生(16~19岁)的身高和体重数据,共计32814人,计算超重、肥胖率,比较超重、肥胖人群与正常BMI调查对象的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平。结果 2013-2017年贵阳高考体检人群超重检出率分别为:5.58%,7.45%,9.12%,11.4%和12.09%;肥胖检出率分别为:5.53%,6.43%,7.3%,6.9%和6.9%;男性肥胖检出率分别是:3.8%,4.3%,4.7%,4.3%和3.8%;女性肥胖率分别是:1.7%,2.2%,2.5%,2.6%和3.2%;男性超重检出率分别是2.5%,4.1%,4.9%,6.1%和6.5%;女性超重率分别是3.1%,3.3%,4.1%,5.3%和5.5%。2013-2017年超重人群的BMI分别为:26.0 ±0.7(kg/m²),26.0±1.1(kg/m²),25.7±1.3(kg/m²),25.8±0.8(kg/m²)和26.3±0.5(kg/m²);肥胖人群的BMI分别为:30.2±2.4(kg/m²),29.7±1.8(kg/m²),31.2±2.9(kg/m²),30.5±1.4(kg/m²)和29.9±3.1(kg/m²);肥胖/超重比值分别为:0.99、0.86、0.80、0.62和0.58。超重肥胖青少年人群外周血ALT、TG、TC异常率和IL-6水平明显高于对照人群。结论 近年来贵阳市青少年的超重及肥胖发生率呈上升趋势,男性高于女性,超重及肥胖已对青少年的身体健康产生了明显的影响。     

高校大学生体质指数变化趋势研究

目的了解大学生体质指数(BMI)变化趋势,分析其超重和肥胖发病率,为预防控制超重和肥胖,提高大学生群体的健康水平提供依据。方法采用队列研究,对北京市一所综合大学应用文理学院2004年入学的全部大学生每年进行一次身高、体重的测量,共4次,分析体质指数变化趋势,计算超重和肥胖累积人年发病率。结果男生和女生在入学时BMI分别为22.7±4.2 kg/m2、20.9±3.5 kg/m2,2005年BMI水平最低,分别为22.2±4.3 kg/m2、20.3±3.3 kg/m2(P0.05),2007年BMI水平最高,分别为24.1±4.5 kg/m2、21.2±3.5 kg/m2,且均显著高于入学时水平(P0.05)。与入学时相比,男生在第四年时低体重率显著降低(P0.05),超重和肥胖率显著升高(P0.05);而女生在第二年和第三年低体重率均显著升高(P0.05),正常体重者在第二年则显著减少(P0.05)。按照WHO判断标准和中国判断标准计算,超重和肥胖累积人年发病率分别为8.87%和11.10%。结论该校大学生超重和肥胖问题应该引起高度重视,应根据男生和女生不同特点开展针对性的健康教育,以提高大学生群体的健康水平。     

2001--2010年北京城市社区老年人群体重变迁及其危险因素变化的研究

目的 分析2001-2010年北京市城区老年人超重、肥胖率变化趋势及其相关危险因素的变化。方法 分析数据来自课题组对北京市万寿路社区/>60岁老年人2001年(2277人)和2010年(2102人)进行的两次横断面调查。结果 2001年男女性年龄调整BMI(kg/m²)均值分别为25.3(95%C/:25.1～25.5)和25.8(95%Cl:25.5-25.9),2010年分别为25.0(95%C/:24.8～25.1)和25.0(95%C1:24.7.25.1),男女性BMI均值均呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。年龄标化后,按WHO标准,lo年间超重(BMI≥25kg/m²)率男性由48.3%下降为44.5%,女性由46.3%下降为39.9%;肥胖率(BMI≥30kg/m²)男性由5.4%下降至4.9%,女性由11.6%下降至7.3%,其中女性超重率和肥胖率下降均存在统计学意义,而男性均不显著;按中国标准,10年问超重(BMI>,24kg/m²)率男性由47.9%下降为47.2%,女性由44.9%下降为41.0%;肥胖率(BMI≥28kg/m²)男性由19.2%下降至15.5%,女性由24.2%下降为18.0%,其中男性超重率下降不显著(P>0.05),女性有统计学意义,两性别人群肥胖率下降幅度均有统计学意义,女性超重率和肥胖率的下降幅度显著大于男性。两次调查m糖、血脂、血压水平均与超重或肥胖呈正相关,多因素logistic回归分析显示,10年间人群中吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼等生活方式的改变对体重变化有一定影响。结论 10年间研究人群的BMI及超重和肥胖现患率均呈下降;高血压、高血糖和高血脂仍是老年人超重或肥胖的重要危险因素,而其健康生活方式对降低超重和肥胖率有重要作用。     

人群体重指数均值作为超重和肥胖患病率预测指标的研究

目的确定以人群体重指数（BMI）均值作为预测超重、肥胖患病率指标的模型.方法分别计算2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查中132个调查点人群的BMI均值,用BMI均值和该地区超重、肥胖患病率建立数学模型.结果拟合非线性方程,建立以BMI均值为基础,预测超重、肥胖患病率的数学模型.经过回代证明,拟合方程有效.结论研究建立的模型对社区监测超重、肥胖患病率及预测超重、肥胖患病率的发展有着重要的应用价值,其效果有待实际应用加以进一步验证.     

2002-2012年河南省居民超重和肥胖的流行特征分析

摘要:目的　了解2002-2012年河南省居民超重和肥胖流行特征的变化情况,为有针对性的开展超重和肥胖的预防工作提供科学依据。方法　利用2002年河南省居民膳食营养与健康状况调查和2012年河南省高血压和糖尿病流行病调查的数据,比较10年间河南省居民超重和肥胖流行特征的变化。结果　10年间河南省居民 BMI均数增加近0.15 kg/m2（t＝3.13,P＜0.05）,其中男性BMI均数增加近0.56 kg/m2（t＝8.08,P＜0.05）,女性BMI均数不增反降（t＝4.06,P＜0.05）;10年间河南省居民标化后的超重率和肥胖率分别增长4.60%（Z＝6.75,P＜0.05）和3.63%（Z＝10.49,P＜0.05）。其中男性分别增长3.02%（Z＝12.64,P＜0.05）和2.77%（Z＝4.34,P＜0.05）,女性分别增长1.48%（Z＝14.08,P＜0.05）和0.81%（Z＝6.16,P＜0.05）。结论　10年间河南省居民超重率和肥胖率上升幅度较大,且肥胖患病率呈现明显的年轻化趋势。因此,应采取科学的措施控制超重和肥胖,尤其是中青年肥胖的发展趋势。     

2012年贵州省龙里县布依族、汉族20～80岁人群 超重及肥胖流行特征

摘要:目的　了解龙里县布依族、汉族居民超重及肥胖的流行特征,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法　采取分层随机抽样方法抽取城镇2社区服务中心4个居委会、4乡镇4个行政村20～80岁身体健康的布依族、汉族2889名常住村民为调查对象,测量调查对象身高和体重等,计算BMI,以24 kg/m2≤BMI＜28 kg/m2为超重,BMI≥28 kg/m2为肥胖。计算超重和肥胖率。结果　汉族成人超重率为32.86%,布依族成人超重率为20.30%,汉族男女性超重率均高于布依族（P＜0.001）;汉族成人肥胖率为10.48%,布依族成人肥胖率为4.88%,汉族肥胖率高于布依族（χ2＝32.13,P＜0.001）,且汉族男女性各年龄段肥胖率均高于布依族（P＜0.001）;超重和肥胖总率呈现城镇（40.15%）高于农村（28.10%）（P＜0.001）。结论　龙里县汉族成人超重和肥胖与2010年全国水平接近,布依族成人超重和肥胖低于全国水平,且存在民族、年龄、城乡差异;超重和肥胖总率城镇高于农村;总体肥胖率显著高于2002年,呈上升的趋势。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in elderly people in Spain

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the older adult population in Spain by sex, age, and educational level. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2001 in a sample of 4009 persons representative of the noninstitutionalized population > or = 60 years of age. Anthropometric measurements (BMI and waist circumference) were obtained using standardized techniques and equipment. Overweight was considered at a BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 and obesity at a BMI of > or = 30 kg/m2. Central obesity was considered at a waist circumference of >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 28.2 kg/m2 in men and 29.3 kg/m2 in women. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in men was 49% and 31.5%, respectively. The corresponding percentages in women were 39.8% and 40.8%. The prevalence of obesity was higher in persons with no education than in those with third level education (i.e., university studies), especially among women (41.8% vs. 17.5%). The prevalence of central obesity was 48.4% in men and 78.4% in women. Differences by educational level were seen in only women, in whom the prevalence of central obesity was 80.9% in those with no education and 59% in those with third-level education. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Spanish adult elderly population is very high. Some other populations show similar prevalences, especially in Mediterranean countries. Socioeconomic conditions in Spain during the years these cohorts were born may partly explain the high-frequency of obesity.     

Obesity in adults: an emerging problem in urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight among Vietnamese adults living in urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. DESIGN: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in the local health stations of 30 randomly selected wards, which represent all 13 urban districts of HCMC, over a period of 2 months from March to April 2004. SUBJECTS: A total of 1488 participants aged 20-60 years completed the interview, physical examination and venous blood collection. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measurements of body weight, height, waist and hip circumference were taken to construct indicators of adiposity including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-height and waist-to-hip ratios. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and biochemical indicators of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes risk (lipid profile and fasting blood glucose) were also measured. RESULTS: The age and sex standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity using Asian specific BMI cutoffs of 23.0 and 27.5 kg/m2 was 26.2 and 6.4%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was slightly higher in females (33.6%) than males (31.6%), and progressively increased with age. The age and sex-standardized prevalence of underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) among Vietnamese adults living in HCMC was 20.4%. The prevalence was slightly higher in males (22.0%) than in females (18.9%), and there was a much higher prevalence in all underweight categories in younger women than in men but this was reversed for older men. CONCLUSION: The adult population in HCMC Vietnam is in an early 'nutrition transition' with approximately equal prevalence of low and high BMI. The prevalence of overweight and obesity of Vietnamese urban adults was lower than that reported for other east and southeast Asian countries.     

内蒙古某地区男性超重肥胖和饮酒对血尿酸的影响

目的了解内蒙古某地区男性超重肥胖和饮酒对血尿酸（SUA）水平的影响。方法2006年9月至2007年3月,抽取在锡林郭勒盟医院健康体检的630名城区男性和179名农区男性为调查对象进行横断面调查,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测分别获取调查对象饮酒、身高、体重、腰围和SUA水平,按照日均饮酒量、过量饮酒频次、饮酒种类定义饮酒情况,通过体质指数（BMI）和腰围反映超重或肥胖和中心型肥胖,采用协方差分析、多因素logistic回归分析,探讨超重肥胖和饮酒对SUA的影响及其之间的交互作用。结果体重正常组、超重组、肥胖组的SUA水平依次升高,分别为（315．6±81．0）、（350．4±81．6）、（376．8±82．2）μmol／L,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;超重和肥胖组的高尿酸血症（HUA）的检出率分别为19．5％、33．1％,高于正常体重组（8．3％）,调整后的OR值分别为2．71（95％CI：1．68～4．39）和5．47（95％C1：3．31～9．04）。超量饮酒者SUA水平[（360．6±85．8）μmol／L]高于从不饮酒者和适量饮酒者[分别为（317．4±93．0）、（343．2±78．6）μmol／L],差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;每周过量饮酒1—2次者的SUA水平[（355．2±81．0）μmol／L]高于从不饮酒者和饮酒但从不过量者[（334．2±78．0）μmol／L],差异均有统计学意义（心0．05）。中心型肥胖且超量饮酒者HUA的患病危险高,OR值为3．46（95％CI：1．65—7．25）。未发现超重或肥胖和饮酒对SUA水平影响的交互作用。结论超重或肥胖是HUA的独立危险因素,过量饮酒会导致SUA水平的升高。建议我国北方男性控制或降低体重,限制饮酒,以预防HUA和痛风的发生。     

Correction: prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of overweight and obesity among Pakistani primary school children

ABSTRACT: Since the publication of our article [1], we have noticed some errors in the final published version, for which the corresponding author accepts full responsibility. Page references are to the final PDF version. Page 3: Results, second paragraph Lines 1-2: "BMI... 20.7 (5.02) kg/m2..." should read "BMI... 16.0 (3.0) kg/m2..." Lines 6-8: "According to the IOTF cut-offs, overweight and obesity prevalence was 33% (95% CI 31.1-35.3) and 24% (95% CI 22.4-26.2) respectively" should read "According to the IOTF cut-offs, overweight and obesity prevalence was 8.3% (95% CI 7.1-9.6) and 4.7% (95% CI 3.8-5.7) respectively" Page 4: Table 1 The values for mean and standard deviation (SD) for BMI (kg/m2) are revised. Page 4: Table 2 The values for mean BMI (SD) and overweight and obesity prevalence according to the IOTF cut-offs are revised. Page 5: Figure 2 The values for grade- and gender- specific mean BMI are revised. Page 6: Second paragraph Lines 1-8: "Prevalence of overweight by the IOTF cut-offs was twice the prevalence by the WHO 2007 reference (33% versus 17%) and prevalence of obesity by the IOTF cutoffs was three times higher than that calculated by the WHO 2007 reference (24% versus 7.5%). Using IOTF cut-offs for overweight and obesity in Pakistani schoolaged children would result in higher estimates than the WHO 2007 reference." should read "Prevalence of overweight by the IOTF cut-offs was half the prevalence by the WHO 2007 reference (8% versus 17%) and prevalence of obesity by the IOTF cutoffs was two-third of that calculated by the WHO 2007 reference (5% versus 7.5%). Using IOTF cut-offs for overweight and obesity in Pakistani schoolaged children would result in lower estimates than the WHO 2007 reference. A relatively lower overweight and obesity prevalence with use of the IOTF cut-offs as compared to the WHO reference had been reported elsewhere [2-3]." In present study, the estimates for overweight included obese children.     

The epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-97

OBJECTIVES: To determine the population prevalence of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, based on measured body mass index (BMI). To determine if overweight and obesity are distributed differentially across the population of young Australians. METHODS: Data from three independent surveys were analysed. In each, height and weight were measured by trained surveyors using valid, comparable methods. BMI (kg/m2) was used as the index of adiposity and recently published international BMI cut-off values used to categorise each subject as non-overweight, overweight or obese. RESULTS: The population prevalence and distribution of overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were generally consistent across datasets. The ranges of the prevalence of non-overweight, overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were 79-81%, 14-16%, 5% and 19-21% (boys) respectively and 76-79%, 16-18%, 5-6% and 21-24% (girls). There were no consistent relationships between the prevalence of overweight/obesity and sex, age or SES. Their prevalence was up to 4% higher in urban than rural areas among boys, but there were no differences between urban and rural girls. The data suggest a higher prevalence of overweight/ obesity among students from European or Middle-Eastern cultural backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: Some 19-23% of Australian children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. Although urban/rural, SES and cultural background differentials were noted, only the last warrants a targeted health promotion response. IMPLICATIONS: Overweight/obesity is a prevalent health risk factor among Australian children and adolescents. More information is needed to understand whether targeted approaches are required for specific ethnic groups in addition to broad, population-based approaches.     

郴州市部分中小学教师超重和肥胖率及其影响因素研究

目的了解郴州市中小学教师超重和肥胖率及其影响因素，为制定预防和控制超重和肥胖的策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2006年910月对郴州市中小学622名教师进行问卷调查和身高、体重测量，根据测得的身高体重计算体质指数（BMI），以BMI≥24判断为超重，BMI≥28判断为肥胖。结果622名中小学教师中，总超重和肥胖率为24．1％（超重率为20．1％，肥胖率为4．0％），总超重肥胖标化率为27．7％（超重标化率23．2％，肥胖率标化为4．5％）；男教师超重和肥胖患病率高于女教师；超重和肥胖率随年龄的增长呈上升趋势；不同受教育程度教师超重和肥胖率之间无统计学差异；已婚教师超重和肥胖率高于未婚教师；不同家庭经济收入教师超重和肥胖率之间无统计学差异；多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明：女性、经常锻炼身体是超重和肥胖的保护性因素，而年龄、食量大和已婚是超重和肥胖的危险因素。结论中小学教师超重和肥胖受多种因素的影响，控制饮食和体育锻炼为预防和控制超重和肥胖的有效措施。