动静脉转流术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的应用

目的探讨动静脉转流术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症,研究其技术操作及临床应用.方法对6例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者行腘动脉胫后静脉转流术.结果疗效优良5例,好转1例,术后只有一足趾截去.结论此方法不易导致心衰,可挽救缺血肢体,避免截肢,疗效满意.     

分期动静脉转流术重建肢体血液循环的临床研究

<正> 作者为30例共35条广泛性动脉闭塞的肢体施行分期动静脉转流术,三种术式是(1)深组高位,在髂外、股浅动脉与股浅静脉间进行。但重建回流难而慢。(2)深组低     

膝以下动脉硬化闭塞症的介入治疗

目的：探讨膝以下动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗的方法、难点、并发症处理以及预后。方法：2008年1月至2011年12月,采用介入方法治疗膝以下动脉硬化闭塞症72例（84条肢体）。采取股总动脉顺行或逆行穿刺,下肢动脉造影,以导丝配合导管通过动脉狭窄段,或开通动脉闭塞段;开通失败者,尝试内膜下血管成形术;经导丝引入球囊进行扩张,扩张完毕后造影,如残余狭窄＞30％,则再次扩张;出现动脉夹层者,行药物洗脱支架植入。结果：84条肢体行介入治疗,82条肢体获得影像学成功,技术成功率为97．6％。术后16例间歇性跛行患者跛行距离平均增加500 m（50～2500 m）,43例静息痛者疼痛均减轻或消失,8例足趾溃疡者经换药3个月内溃疡全部愈合,1例足趾溃疡患者因介入术后支架内血栓形成而行股-腘动脉自体大隐静脉原位转流术。3例足趾坏疽者行截趾术,术后3个月内创口愈合。1例前半足坏疽者行膝下截肢。术后6个月、1年肢体通畅率分别为96．3％和95．0％,术后1年肢体保全率为95．0％。结论：对于膝以下动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变者行腔内治疗,成功率高、效果明显、并发症少、保肢率高、可重复治疗,是安全有效的治疗方法。     

股深动脉的穿动脉发出臀下动脉并多处变异一例

尸体为男性,50岁左右,身高约170 cm.在解剖过程中发现左下肢的动、静脉多处存在变异.股深动脉分支变异;臀大肌的血供来源于股深动脉的穿动脉;股深静脉的穿静脉向上与臀下静脉吻合,向下与腘静脉吻合;小隐静脉注入到股深静脉的穿静脉.现报道如下.     

静脉动脉化预构轴型皮瓣的实验研究

目的探讨利用静脉动脉化进行皮瓣预构的可行性。方法在兔的腹股沟区设计2cm×3cm大小的任意型皮瓣,并分离出双侧股血管束,实验组将股血管束中动脉与静脉分离,其远端行动、静脉端端吻合形成静脉动脉化血循环通路,将动脉化的静脉部分移植于腹股沟皮瓣下方;对照组将完整的股动静脉血管束移植于腹股沟皮瓣下方。术后2周,以植入的血管为蒂游离出腹股沟皮瓣,原位缝回。观察皮瓣成活面积,并经血管灌注中华墨汁行病理切片检查。结果除1例死亡、1例感染外,术后2周预构皮瓣均完全成活,病理切片显示皮瓣各层组织的血管内均有墨汁。结论静脉动脉化预构的皮瓣血供良好,可用于局部或远位移植。     

继发于血栓性浅静脉炎的急性下肢深静脉血栓的一期外科治疗

目的:探讨在继发于血栓性浅静脉炎的下肢深静脉血栓的治疗方法中,一期处理血栓性浅静脉炎及下肢深静脉血栓的初步经验.方法:对5例由肢体血栓性浅静脉炎引发的急性下肢深静脉血栓的患者,依次采用下腔静脉滤器植入术、股静脉切开取栓术及大隐静脉高位结扎加浅静脉点式剥脱术的联合手术治疗.结果:5例患者于术中均证实深静脉血栓由浅静脉血栓蔓延而来.术后肢体肿胀明显消退;术后随访1～6个月,肢体肿胀未再次出现.结论:一期手术治疗继发于血栓性浅静脉炎的下肢深静脉血栓疗效确切,安全可靠.     

股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术

目的分析下肢深静脉瓣膜修复成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床疗效。方法对下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全并大隐静脉曲张32例 ,共36条肢体行股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术 ,并利用双向彩超和流速剖面图彩超等方法对疗效进行分析。结果随访率100 % ,时间2～22个月 ,全组病例小腿酸胀沉重感消失 ,无一例出现下肢肿胀 ,6条肢体溃疡愈合 ,35条肢体术后瓣膜功能恢复正常 ,1条肢体术后瓣膜功能接近正常 ,全组病例术后静脉返流量均值比术前明显减少(P<0 .01)。结论股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术应成为治疗股深静脉瓣膜功能不全所致下肢血液逆流的标准术式。     

血管腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症40例

目的：探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗的临床经验。方法：采用血管腔内介入方法治疗下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症（ASO）患者40例（44条肢体）,包括髂动脉病变18例,其中单纯球囊扩张术（PTA）6例,内置支架术（PTA＋stenting）12例;股浅动脉病变13例,其中PTA5例,PTA＋stenting8例;腘动脉病变2例,行PTA治疗;膝下动脉病变7例,单纯deep球囊扩张,不放置支架。结果：本组无手术死亡。髂动脉18例手术全部获得成功;股浅动脉13例,11例获得成功,1例致血栓形成取栓治疗成功,1例介入失败转为人工血管转流手术;腘动脉2例获得成功;膝下动脉7例中5例获得成功。结论：血管腔内介入治疗下肢ASO,操作简单,短期效果良好,值得临床推广应用;     

动静脉转流术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的作用

目的 探讨动静脉转流术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症，研究其技术操作及临床应用。方法 对6例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者行Guo动脉胫后静脉转流术。结果 疗效优良5例，好转1例，术后只有一足趾截法。结论 此方法不易导致心衰，可挽救缺血肢体，避免截肢，疗效满意。     

腔静脉滤器置入联合胫后静脉置管溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的：探讨腔静脉滤器置入联合胫后静脉途径置管直接溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床应用价值。方法：18例急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,先行患肢血管造影明确诊断后,在下腔静脉滤器置入的基础上采用胫后静脉置管微泵持续推注尿激酶直接溶栓治疗,对其中髂静脉狭窄5例和闭塞1例患者在拔除溶栓导管后实施髂静脉球囊扩张成形术。结果：18例患者置管溶栓治疗后症状均得到明显改善,1例术前合并肺动脉栓塞者症状消失。溶栓后的健、患侧大腿周径差及小腿周径差比治疗前明显减小,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。治疗期间,无一例围手术期死亡,无肺动脉栓塞发生,无置管处渗血或血肿形成、神经损伤等置管相关并发症发生。术后17例获随访,随访时间1～12个月,平均5个月。15例肢体肿胀基本消退、肌张力减低、恢复正常劳动力;2例活动后肢体出现轻微肿胀伴沉重感,能进行正常家务劳动;17例均未出现患肢浅静脉曲张及静脉营养性障碍。结论：腔静脉滤器置入联合胫后静脉置管直接溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成具有疗效好、创伤小、安全性高、适应证宽,便于护理等优点,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.