十二指肠镜与腹腔镜治疗肝外胆管结石手术时机的研究

目的:探讨十二指肠镜与腹腔镜治疗肝外胆管结石的最佳手术时间间隔。方法:先行十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影+内镜下十二指肠乳头切开术治疗胆总管结石,研究组在72h内行腹腔镜胆囊切除术;对照组在72h后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。对比治疗后两组胆囊标本壶腹区平均中性粒细胞数,腹腔镜胆囊切除术操作时间及并发症发生率等指标。结果:研究组胆囊标本壶腹区平均中性粒细胞数少于对照组,为(3.4±1.3)vs.(7.8±1.1),(t=-14.247,P=0.000),平均手术操作时间短于对照组,为(24.6±2.8)h vs.(37.8±3.1)h,(t=-17.464,P=0.000),并发症发生率与对照组相比无显著性差异(3.2%vs.3.3%,χ2=0.000,P=1.000)。结论:逆行胰胆管造影+十二指肠乳头切开取石术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术的最佳间隔时间是<72h。     

两种微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效比较

背景与目的:腹腔镜胆囊切除术+经胆囊管胆总管探查取石术(LC+LTCBDE)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影/十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ERCP/EST+LC)均是治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创手段,但两者的疗效优劣仍有争议.本研究通过回顾性分析比较两种微创术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效.方法:回顾性...     

腹腔镜联合内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床体会

目的:探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的最佳组合方式。方法:回顾分析2007年1月至2012年11月为203例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行ERCP+内镜乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合LC的临床资料。其中138例先行ERCP+EST取出胆总管结石,再行LC(ERCP+LC组);65例先行LC再行ERCP+EST(LC+ERCP组)。对比分析两组手术成功率、总住院时间及并发症情况。结果:两组均无穿孔、出血及重症胰腺炎等严重并发症发生。ERCP+LC组住院时间短[(7.2±2.1)d vs.(8.1±1.9)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERCP+LC组术后胆管残余结石4例,发生急性轻型胰腺炎1例、胆管炎1例,并发症发生率为4.3%;低于LC+ERCP组的12.3%(P<0.05)。结论:对于胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者,先行ERCP+EST取石,再行LC,手术并发症较少,住院时间短,是较理想的组合方式。     

腹腔镜与内镜联合治疗胆囊及胆总管结石的临床研究

目的 观察内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)和内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术前对胆囊、胆总管结石的治疗作用.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月～2008年12月间上海交通大学医学院附属第三人民医院实施的43例(包括EST,ENBD和网篮取石术等)联合治疗的方法和经验.结果 手术成功40例,成功率为93%.对胆总管结石内镜取石治疗成功率为95.2%,ERCP并发症2例(4.65%),高淀粉酶血症1例,乳头切开处出血1例,均经非手术治疗痊愈.结论 ERCP和EST的应用是当前LC手术前治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的最佳手段,对提高LC的成功率和减少LC的并发症,降低胆总管结石开腹手术的比率,均具有重要的作用.     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石伴胆总管结石:附164例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）联合乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy，EST）治疗胆囊结石伴胆总管结石的价值。方法回顾性分析164例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石行LC＋EST治疗患者的临床资料。结果全组均先行ERCP及EST后再行LC。164例中155例患者共成功取出胆总管结石196枚，取石成功率94．5％，另9例未成功，其中4例胆总管狭窄段大于2cm，另5例结石嵌顿，导丝无法通过。155例EST后6例发生轻度急性胰腺炎，经积极治疗后仍行LC术，LC成功率96．5％，患者平均住院时间（11&#177;4）d。结论ERCP＋EST后行LC术是治疗胆囊结石伴胆总管结石的有效方法，有很高的临床应用价值，扩大了胆道微创治疗的范围。     

腹腔镜联合内镜一期手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经内镜逆行胆胰管造影和十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石一期手术(即Intra-ERCP/EST+ LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的优越性.方法 回顾性分析72例Intra-ERCP/EST+ LC的患者资料,选择同一时期实施先内镜逆行胆胰管造影和十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石、再行腹腔镜胆囊切除两次手术(即Pre-ERCP/EST+ LC)的53例患者作为对照组,分析两组患者手术耗时、术后住院日、住院总费用及并发症指标.结果 与Pre-ERCP/EST+ LC组患者相比,Intra-ERCP/EST+ LC组患者术后住院日[(4.20±1.56)d,t=6.420,p=0.003]、住院总费用[(25332.28±1305.13)元,t=3.423,P=0.031]均明显降低,术后各并发症两组差异无统计学意义,总体并发症发病率Intra-ERCP/EST+LC组明显低于对照组(x2=16.749,P =0.000).结论 对于胆总管直径小于1.0 cm的患者,Intra-ERCP/EST+ LC一期手术能降低住院时间和住院费用,并具有微创、快速康复优势.     

LC术前及术后联合应用ERCP和EST的体会

目的探讨行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)和内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术前、术后的应用体会。方法回顾性分析选择性进行LC术前、术后ERCP及内镜治疗102例(包括EST,ENBD和网篮取石术等)的经验体会。结果术前行ERCP94例中,胆管显影89例,显影率94.6%,发现胆总管结石41例,乳头炎性狭窄21例,阳性发现率约65%,取石38例,成功率92.6%;术后行ERCP8例,胆管均显影,术后阳性发现8例,阳性率100%。其中2例胆漏、3例胆总管残石、3例乳头炎性狭窄,内镜治疗成功100%。对胆总管结石,无论术前、术后,内镜取石治疗成功率93%。ERCP并发症3例(2.8%)1例乳头出血,2例高淀粉酶血症,均用非手术治疗痊愈。结论ERCP和EST的应用是当前LC手术前、后诊断和治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的最佳手段,对提高LC的成功率和减少LC的并发症,降低胆总管结石开腹手术的比率,均具有重要的作用。     

内镜下十二指肠乳头切开术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)和十二指肠乳头切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancrea-titis,ABP)的疗效以及安全性。方法选取2009年1月～2011年9月期间在我院急诊科就诊的ABP 58例,随机分为A组和B组,每组各29例。A组采取在常规治疗的基础上,同时加行ERCP+EST联合治疗;而B组患者仅给予一般常规治疗,当出现胆道梗阻、穿孔或胰腺脓肿及胰腺假性囊肿时则积极开腹手术。记录腹痛缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、住院天数、并发症发生率和死亡率等。结果 A组与B组腹痛缓解时间分别为(5.21±2.08)d vs.(13.56±6.28)d,血淀粉酶恢复时间为(7.66±4.15)d vs.(12.32±5.81)d,住院时间为(18.42±5.73)d vs.(26.12±12.15)d,住院费用为(1.86±1.15)万元vs.(5.46±2.37)万元,并发症发生率为6.90%(2/29)vs.34.48%(10/29),死亡率为6.90%(2/29)vs.27.59%(8/29)。两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论早期采用ERCP+EST联合治疗ABP是安全有效的。     

ERCP和EST在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的作用

目的 总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC)中联合应用内镜技术治疗伴有胆总管结石的胆囊结石病人的疗效。方法 对210例(同济医院124例，武汉市第四医院86例)LC术前、术后可疑合并胆总管结石行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogrophy，ERCP)和内镜括约肌切开术(Endoscopic sphincterotorny，EST)。结果 LC术前ERCP发现胆总管结石69例，EST清除63例，清除率91．3％(63／69)；LC术后ERCP发现胆总管残留结石9例，EST清除8例，清除率88．9％(8／9)。结论 LC联合ERCP、EST治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石是一种安全有效的方法，使病人避免开腹手术。     

不同手术方案治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨一期腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)联合胆总管探查术(LCBDE)与分期内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)/内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2016年11月至2018年11月收治的320例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料。按手术方式分为LC+LCBDE组与ERCP/EST+LC组。对比两组患者一般资料、手术总时间、术中出血量、术中放置引流管例数、手术成功率、结石残余率、术后高淀粉酶血症、术后并发症发生率、术后首次下床活动时间、住院时间、住院总费用等指标。结果:LC+LCBDE组与ERCP/EST+LC组术前临床资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性;LC+LCBDE组与ERCP/EST+LC组手术总时间[(136.6±31.3)min vs.(127.1±27.8)min,P=0.004]、术中放置腹腔引流管例数[156(100%)vs.53(32.3%),P<0.001]、术后发生高淀粉酶血症例数[1(0.6%)vs.10(6.1%),P=0.026]、术后首次下床活动时间[(22.7±8.2)h vs.(15.6±7.8)h,P<0.001]、总住院时间[(8.1±4.2)d vs.(13.7±7.3)d,P=0.002]、住院总费用[(22 471.1±8 244.8)元vs.(24 899.3±7 625.6)元,P=0.007]差异有统计学意义。两组手术成功率、术中出血量、结石残余率、术后总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:LC+LCBDE与ERCP/EST+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石均是安全、有效的。LC+LCBDE能减少住院总费用,降低术后高淀粉酶血症发生率,缩短住院时间;ERCP/EST+LC能缩短手术时间,加速术后下床活动。术者应根据患者具体病情及医院设备、技术合理选择术式。     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜、胆道镜配合外科手术治疗胆石病118例体会

目的:总结应用腹腔镜手术联合十二指肠镜、胆道镜对胆囊结石合并胆管结石患者的治疗经验。方法:2002年3月至2005年6月,针对118例胆石病患者,43例应用腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜;75例采用胆道镜配合外科手术进行治疗。结果:118例手术均获成功,43例应用腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜患者中28例先行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),4例术后急诊行十二指肠镜治疗,24例择期行十二指肠镜治疗。75例外科手术配合胆道镜取石,胆道结石一次性取净率达72%(54例),其余21例有16例经T管道取净,使胆道结石总取净率达93.3%(70/75)。结论:腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石并胆管结石是有效的首选微创手术。     

Combined endoscopic treatment for cholelithiasis associated with choledocholithiasis

Background

The advent of endoscopic techniques changed surgery in many ways. For the management of cholelithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice. This has created a dilemma in the management of choledocholithiasis. Today a number of option exist, including endoscopic sphinterotomy (ES) before LC in patients with suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones, laparoscopic bile duct exploration, open CBD exploration, and postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Also, the alternative technique of peroperative ES is emerging.

Methods

We report our experience of routine intraoperative cholangiography followed either by peroperative ERCP in one step or by transcystic drain and postoperative ERCP. In our technique, to facilitate Vater papilla cannulation we inserted a 450-cm transcystic guidewire that was caught by a duodenoscope. Papillotome was then inserted over the guidewire to ensure cannulation of the CBD.

Results

Twenty-eight patients were treated successfully in one step and 24 in two steps. The mean operative time was 181 ? 41 min for patients treated in one step and 131 ? 30 min for patients treated in two steps. The mean hospital stay was 4.8 ? 3.3 days for patients treated in one step and 9.6 ? 4.0 days for patients treated in two steps. Five patients (18%) with positive intraoperative cholangiography for stones for whom peroperative ERCP was not available showed a normal postoperative transcystic cholangiogram and therefore ERCP was canceled. Fourteen of 25 patients treated in one step and none of 17 treated in two steps had raised serum amylase, which resolved spontaneously with no symptoms. No patient developed postoperative pancreatitis. Three (10%) ERCP complications were observed, consisting of mild bleeding of the papilla. All cases were managed by endoscopic adrenaline injection. There was no mortality.

Conclusion

We believe peroperative ERCP with the technique described should be considered as the treatment of choice for choledocholithiasis associated with cholelithiasis. When single-stage treatment is not possible, a two-step rendezvous technique should be preferred.     

多镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石3780例

目的 探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析1998年3月至2010年6月兰州大学第一医院收治的3780例肝外胆管结石患者的临床资料,根据患者胆管结石不同位置和采用腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜的情况,将患者分为"一镜"、"二镜"、"三镜"治疗组;通过患者治疗后的影像学检查和随访结果,比较3组患者治疗的成功率和并发症的发生率.结果 "一镜"治疗组1425例患者,成功率为89.54%(1276/1425),并发症发生率为6.73%(86/1276);149例治疗失败,其中83例接受"二镜"治疗、66例接受"三镜"治疗."二镜"治疗组1792例患者(含转入83例),成功率为95.93%(1719/1792),并发症发生率为4.07%(70/1719);73例治疗失败(转入"三镜"治疗组)."三镜"治疗组785例(含转入139例)患者,成功率为99.75%(783/785),并发症发生率为0.26%(2/783);2例治疗失败患者选择开腹手术治疗.结论 腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜联合应用治疗肝外胆管结石可以优势互补,明显提高结石取尽成功率,降低术后并发症的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of combined application of laparoscope and multiple endoscopes for the treatment of extra-hepatic bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 3780 patients with extra-hepatic bile duct stones who were admitted to the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from March 1998 to June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the condition of bile duct stones,laparoscope,choledochoscope and duodenoscope were applied separately or combinately.All patients were divided into A,B and C groups.Patients in group A were treated by laparoseopy,choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy;patients in group B were treated by choledochoscopy+duodenoscopy.duodenoscopy+laparoscopy or laparoscopy+choledochoscopy;patients in group C were treated by laparoscopy+duodenoscopy+choledochoscopy.The efficacies of different treatment approaches were analyzed by comparing the results of imaging examination and follow-up.Results The curative rate and complication rate of the group A were 89.54%(1276/1425)and 6.73%(86/1276),respectively.Of the 149 patients in the group A who were failed in the treatment,83 patients were transferred to the group B,and 66 patients were transferred to the group C.The curative rate and complication rate of the group B(including 83 patients transferred from the group A)were 95.93%(1719/1792)and 4.07%(70/1719),respectively,and 73 patients who were failed in the treatment were transferred to the group C.The curative rate and complication rate of the group C(including 139 patients transferred from the group C)were 99.75%(783/785)and 0.26% (2/783),respectively,and 2 patients who were failed in the treatment received open surgery.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope and endoscopes could raise the success rate of stone clearance and decrease the postoperative complications.     

多镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜多镜联合在肝内外胆管结石治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2010年8月吉林大学白求恩第一医院收治的316例肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料.其中胆囊结石合并胆总管结石269例,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石伴肝内胆管结石10例,胆总管结石37例.对于胆总管直径≥10 mm或伴肝内胆管结石的患者行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)+胆道镜取石术;对于胆总管直径>5 mm且<10 mm、胆囊管直径<5 mm的患者行EST+LC或LC+EST;对于胆总管直径≤5 mm、胆囊管直径≥5 mm的患者行LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.结果 本组306例患者成功取石,取石成功率为96.8%(306/316).163例行LC+LCBDE+T管引流+胆道镜取石术,平均手术时间为93.6 min,平均住院时间为9.8 d,平均住院费用为2.8万元,5例患者术后出现并发症.54例患者行EST+LC,平均手术时间为45.0 min,平均住院时间为6.6 d,平均住院费用为2.3万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.67例患者行LC+EST,平均手术时间为40.0 min,平均住院时间为6.1 d,平均住院费用为2.4万元,2例患者术后出现并发症.32例患者行胆总管一期缝合及LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.平均手术时间为97.3 min,平均住院时间为7.3 d,平均住院费用2.5万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.272例患者术后平均随访12个月,6例患者术后胆总管结石复发,其余患者未发现残留结石及胆管狭窄.结论 腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜三镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石具有创伤小、恢复快及并发症少的优点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.Methods The clinical data of 3 16 patients with intraand extrahepatic bile duct stone who were admitted to the Bethune First Hospital from April 2007 to August 2010were retrospectively analyzed.There were 269 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,10 patients with cholesystolithiasis,choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiagis,and 37 patients with choledocholithiasis.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)+choledochoscopy was applied to patients with hepatolithiasis or with the diameter of common bile duct≥10 mm;endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)+LC or LC+EST was applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct between 10 mm and 5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct<5 mm;LC+laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(TC-CBDE)+choledochoscopy wag applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct≤5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct≥5 mm.Results The success rate of operation was 96.8%(306/316).A total of 163 patients received LC +LCBDE+T-tube drainage+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 93.6 minutes,2.8×104 yuan and 9.8 days,respectively,and 5 patients had complications postoperatively.Fifty-four patients received EST+LC,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 45.0minutes,6.6 days,2.3×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.Sixty-seven patients received LC+EST,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 40.0minutes,6.1 days,2.4×104 yuan,respectively,and 2 patients had complication postoperatively.Thirty-two patients received one-stage repair of common bile duct and LC+TC-CBDE+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 97.3 minutes,7.3 days and 2.5×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.A total of 272 patients were followed up for 12 months,except for 6 patients with recurrence of common bile duct stone,no residual stone or biliary stricture was etected.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope has advantages of less trauma,quick ecovery and fewer complications in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.     

胆总管探查术式的选择和决策(附91例报告)

目的:探讨胆总管结石的术式和决策。方法:回顾分析2004年7月至2007年6月我院应用腹腔镜、纤维胆道镜、十二指肠镜微创治疗胆总管结石91例患者的临床资料。结果:91例均痊愈,无严重并发症发生,住院时间短。结论:严格掌握十二指肠镜、腹腔镜、胆道镜的适应证、禁忌证,三镜联合治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石是一种创伤小、有效、安全且可靠的治疗模式。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石治疗胆石症

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石的疗效和方法。方法:回顾分析53例腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石治疗肝外胆管结石的临床资料。结果:手术成功切除胆囊49例,完成胆总管切开探查取石、T管引流术44例,中转手术9例,全部患者恢复顺利,无严重并发症。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊炎胆结石、肝内外胆管结石疗效可靠、安全,充分体现了微创治疗的优点;但分离时遇到粘连严重、易出血、解剖困难应及时中转开腹手术,以免发生严重后果。     

ERCP和EST取石术治疗肝外胆管结石临床研究

目的 探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)和内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开(EST)取石治疗肝外胆管结石的临床治疗经验和价值.方法 对45例肝外胆管结石病人行ERCP和EST取石术治疗,同时设立开腹手术肝外胆管探查取石治疗组为对照组.观察术后病情及并发症情况.结果 内镜治疗组有效率97.8%,开腹手术组有效率为90.9%(P>0.05).残余结石发生率:内镜组2.22%,开腹手术组20.00%(P<0.05).并发症发生率:内镜组4.44%,开腹手术组18.18%(P<0.05).结论 ERCP和EST取石术治疗肝外胆管结石优于开腹手术,是治疗肝外胆管结石安全、有效、简便的方法.     

十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯治疗胆石症2 248例分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治胆石症的价值. 方法回顾性分析2000年1月～2004年12月采用十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治方案治疗胆石症2 248例的临床资料. 结果确诊胆囊结石1 817例,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石431例.B超诊断为胆囊结石2 021例中,行术前ERCP 690例,发现胆总管结石213例;术中胆道造影(IOC)85例,发现胆总管结石10例;腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术后胆总管残余结石6例,并经EST治愈.B超诊断胆囊结石合并胆总管结石227例中,ERCP证实胆总管结石202例.行LC 1 817例,EST LC 395例,LBDE 36例(其中胆管一期缝合26例,T管引流10例).全组中转开腹28例(1.2%),并发症52例(2.3%). 结论十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治方案治疗胆石症,体现了内镜、腔镜联合应用的优势,术后残余结石率低,微创治疗成功率高.     

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目的 总结运用腹腔镜与十二指肠镜、胆道镜联合，微创治疗内镜取石失败的胆管结石病人的治疗经验。方法 从1998年4月至2002年5月，运用三镜联合的手术方式（术前内镜下经鼻胆管引流，腹腔镜胆总管探查术，术中胆道镜），对251例胆总管结石病人进行微创治疗。结果 240例手术均获成功，11例中转开腹、无残余结石及严重并发症。术后住院时间明显缩短，操作熟练后手术时间也短于开腹手术。194例随访半年以上未见远期并发症。结论 三镜联合胆总管探查术对于有较高内镜、腹腔镜技术的医疗单位是切实可行和安全可靠的。十二指肠镜、胆道镜及腹腔镜的联合应用优势明显，可基本取代开腹胆总管探查术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中联合十二指肠镜治疗正常直径胆总管结石158例

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中联合十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术治疗胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石的手术方法和适应证。方法腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中联合十二指肠镜治疗158例正常直径胆总管结石,完成腹腔镜胆囊切除后,经胆囊管残端插入输尿管导管至十二指肠肠腔,经口插入十二指肠镜至十二指肠乳头,针式刀在输尿管导管引导下施行乳头切开术,用十二指肠镜取石网或球囊取石。结果 158例患者中,行乳头切开取石140例,乳头切开排石15例,中转为其他术式3例。术后轻症胰腺炎9例,胆管残留结石3例。无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、胆漏、大出血、重症胰腺炎等并发症发生,无死亡病例。结论只要选择合适的病例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中联合十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术治疗胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石是可行、有效和安全的。