血管紧张素原基因M235T分子变异与原发性高血压的关系

目的：探讨血管紧张素原（ＡＧＴ）基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ分子变异与中国人原发性高血压的关系。　　方法：对８９ 例原发性高血压（原发性高血压组）及９１ 例正常者（正常对照组）用多聚酶链式反应法及限制性片段长度多态性技术对ＡＧＴ基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ多态性进行了检测。　　结果：原发性高血压组Ｔ等位基因频率０．８０,ＴＴ基因型频率０．６７,与正常对照组（０．６６,０．４３）比较有显著性差异,（Ｐ＝ ０．０２３,Ｐ＝ ０．００４）;ＴＴ基因型较ＭＴ＋ ＭＭ 基因型对原发性高血压的比值比为２．７６（９５％ 可信区间为１．５０～５．０６,Ｐ＝ ０．００１）。　　结论：ＡＧＴ基因ＴＴ基因型可能与中国人群原发性高血压发病有关联。     

血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性对NIDDM患者发生高血压的影响

目的 研究血管紧张素原（ＡＧＴ）基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ多态性对ＮＩＤＤＭ患者发生高血压的影响。方法 用限制性普分析法检查ＡＧＴ基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ多态性Ｍ２３５和Ｔ２３５的频率和ＴＴ、ＴＭ和ＭＭ基因型在正常对照组（６８例）、糖悄病非高血压组（１０４例）和糖尿病高血压组（８７例）中的分布，并检查各基因型对实验对象血压水平的影响。结果 糖尿病高血压组患者ＡＧＴ基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ多态性Ｔ２３５的频率明显高于对照组和糖尿病     

高血压病及其并发症与AT1R基因多态性

目的：本研究通过检测一型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（ＡＴ１Ｒ）基因的Ｃ１１６６等位基因在正常人和原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者中的频率,探讨ＡＴ１Ｒ基因多态性与原发性高血压以及与高血压左室肥厚、动脉硬化、微白蛋白尿之间的关系。方法：ＥＨ患者（ｎ＝１２０）和正常对照组（ｎ＝８６）进行血压、身高、体重及空腹血糖（Ｇｌｕ）、血总胆固醇（Ｔｃｈ）、甘油三脂（ＴＧ）浓度测定,并测定７８例高血压患者的左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）     

血管紧张素原M235T基因多态性对血压影响的研究

目的：研究血管紧张素原基因（ＡＧＴ）第二外显子Ｍ２３５Ｔ等位基因的多态性与高血压之间的关系。方法： 应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）结合限制性酶切方法对１０５例健康体检者与１０２例原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者进行基因突变的检测。结果：（１）ＥＨ患者Ｔ２３５ 等位基因频率（０．４４５）高于对照组（０．３２３）,Ｐ＜ ０．０５。在男性ＥＨ患者与男性对照组中差别更为明显（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;（２）在有家族史的ＥＨ 患者中,Ｍ２３５Ｔ 突变基因型（ＴＴ型）频率高于正常对照组（４２．１％ ＶＳ１８．８％ ,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：（１）ＡＧＴ基因的突变与ＥＨ的发病具有相关性。对男性ＥＨ影响可能更大;（２）在有家族史的高血压患者中, ＡＧＴ２３５的ＴＴ基因型与ＥＨ有关     

血管紧张素原基因多态性与高血压关系的研究

目的研究中国人血管紧张素原基因多态性与原发性高血压的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应对天津地区１１２例正常人及１３１例高血压患者ＡＧＴ基因２３５位点限制酶切片段长度多态性进行检测。结果ＡＧＴ基因２３５位点有三种基因型为ＴＴ、ＴＣ、ＣＣ，其中ＣＣ基因型与高血压发病相关，高血压组Ｃ基因频率高于对照组（Ｐ＝０．０３２）。结论ＣＣ基因型与Ｃ等位基因可作为高血压易感性的指标     

M235T基因多态性对血压影响的研究

目的：研究血管紧张素原基因（ＡＧＴ）第二外显子Ｍ２３５Ｔ等位基因的多态性与高血压之间的关系。方法：应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）结合限制性酶切方法对１０５例健康体检者与１０２例原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者进行基因突变的检测。结果：⑴ＥＨ患者Ｔ２３５等位基因频率（０．４４５）高于对照组（０．３２３）,Ｐ〈０．０５。在男性ＥＨ患者与男性对照组中差异更为明显（Ｐ〈０．０１）;⑵在有家族史的ＥＨ患者中,Ｍ２３５Ｔ     

高血压患者血管紧张素Ⅱ受体基因多态性与颈动脉硬化间的关系

为探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ１型受体基因多态性与原发性高血压及高血压颈动脉硬化之间的关系,将高血压患者（ｎ＝１２０）和正常对照者（ｎ＝８６）进行血压、身高、体重、空腹血糖及血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度测定,用饱和盐析法常规提取外周血白细胞ＤＮＡ,采用多糖酶链反应结合限制性内切酶法检测血管紧张素Ⅱ１型受体基因的Ｃ１１６６等位基因在正常人和原发性高血压患者中的频率。并测定正常对照组（ｎ＝３２）和高血压组（ｎ＝６８     

α— 内收蛋白基因Gly460Trp多态性与原发性高血压相关关系研究

目的：研究α－内收蛋白基因型与原发性高血压关系。方法：用突变分离聚合酶链反应（ＭＳ－ＰＣＲ）的方法分别检测１３８例原发性高血压患者和１２１例正常血压者α－内收蛋白基因Ｇｌｙ４６０Ｔｒｐ多态性；测定体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、空腹血糖、血浆总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、血浆尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肌酐（Ｃｒ）等临床指标。结果：不同α－内收蛋白基因型及基因频率在高血压组与正常组间分布无显著性差异；各基因型之间     

胰岛素受体基因第8外显子多态性与原发性高血压病的关系

目的：探讨ＩＮＳＲ基因第８ 外显子ＮｓｉＩ多态性与原发性高血压（ＥＨ）的关系。方法：ＥＨ 患者（ｎ＝ １２０）和正常对照组（ｎ＝ ８６）进行血压、身高、体重及空腹血糖（Ｇｌｕ）、血总胆固醇（Ｔｃｈ）、甘油三脂（ＴＧ）浓度测定；用饱和盐析法常规提取外周血白细胞ＤＮＡ，采用多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）结合限制性内切酶方法检测基因多态性。结果：高血压组除收缩压、舒张压显著高于对照组外，其它临床指标如体重指数、空腹血糖及血脂水平两组间无显著差异；ＩＮＳＲ基因Ｎ２ 等位基因频率在ＥＨ组高于正常对照组（０．２５４ｖｓ０．１６９， Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：ＩＮＳＲ基因ＮｓｉＩ多态性与中国人高血压病有关，Ｎ２ 等位基因可能是中国人高血压病的一个易感基因     

高血压患者血小板α＿2肾上腺素能受体改变的临床意义

采用放射性配基结合法及高压液相色谱法对原发性高血压（Ａ组，ｎ＝２４）继发性高血压（Ｂ组，ｎ＝１９）患者及正常对照组（Ｃ组，ｎ＝２６）的血小板α肾上腺素受体（ＰＬα_２－ＡＲ）及血浆儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ－去甲肾上腺素ＮＥ）水平进行测定，结果表明：Ａ组ＰＬα２－ＡＲ密度高于Ｃ组及Ｂ组，受体密度与血压及ＣＡ水平正相关。本研究表明ＰＬα２－ＡＲ密度的变化能反映原发性高血压病人的交感神经活性，并能反映家族遗传的特性，在高血压病的诊断与鉴别上有一定临床意义。     

AGT基因M235T多态同哈萨克族高血压病的关联分析

目的探讨新疆哈萨克族血管紧张素原（angiotensinogen,AGT）基因第二外显子（M235T）多态性同高血压病（essential hypertension,EH）的关系。方法4次高血压流行病学调查采集新疆巴里坤哈萨克族EH组278例,正常血压（norm altensive,NT）组220例。测定EH患者和NT者体质量指数（BM I）、空腹血糖、血浆胆固醇、甘油三酯。用MS-PCR法（mutagen ically separated polym erase chain reaction techn ique）检测AGT基因M235T多态性。结果M235T多态性符合Hardy-W e inberg平衡。MT、TT、MM基因型分布频率在EH组及NT组分别为32.7%,62.6%,4.7%;38.2%,51.8%,10.0%。T等位基因频率分别为79.0%及70.9%。M235T基因型频率（P<0.05）及等位基因频率（P<0.01）分布在EH组及NT组均有显著性差异。T等位基因携带者OR值为非T等位基因携带者OR值的2.3倍（95%C I 1.14.6;P<0.05）。对未治疗的EH者在不同基因型间进行比较,未发现MT、MM、TT基因型间收缩压、舒张压、体质量指数、血糖、血脂水平有显著性差异。结论AGT基因M235T可能同新疆哈萨克族高血压病发病相关。     

T+31C polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension

A common variant at codon 235 of the angiotensinogen gene with methionine to threonine amino acid substitution (AGT M235T) has been reported as a genetic risk for essential hypertension. However, the frequency of AGT T235 was heterogeneous among races, and a positive association between AGT M235T and hypertension was not settled. To examine the association in a general population of Japanese (n=4013), we introduced the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method and examined the relation between hypertension and T+31C polymorphism, which was in absolute linkage disequilibrium with AGT M235T. The C+31 allele of AGT was significantly associated with the positive family history of hypertension (FH) but not with the presence of hypertension or blood pressure. The subjects with CC tended to have hypertensive relatives, especially a hypertensive father or siblings, and its statistical significance was stronger in men. Adjustment of confounding factor did not alter the results of simple association study, suggesting that this positive association with FH is independent and significant. Our findings revealed that the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method is a powerful tool for genetic association study with a large number of subjects and that AGT T+31C is significantly associated with paternal FH.     

Association between angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism and mitral valve prolapse syndrome in Taiwan Chinese

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: It has been reported that patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MVPS) also have a disorder in autonomic or neuroendocrine function which can cause many related symptoms. Although a potential role of the reninangiotensin system in the pathogenesis of MVPS has been addressed, the role of the angiotensinogen (AGT) genetic variant in MVPS has not been studied. Thus, a case-controlled study was performed to investigate the possible relationship between AGT gene polymorphisms and MVPS. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with MVP diagnosed by echocardiography and 100 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects was studied. AGT gene M235T and T174M polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of AGT gene M235T genotypes (p <0.001) and allelic frequencies (p <0.001) between MVPS cases and controls. An Odds Ratio (OR) for risk of MVPS associated with M235T TT genotype was 8.55 (95% CI 4.51-16.18). An OR for risk of MVPS associated with the T allele at the M235T locus of the AGT gene was 3.27 (95% CI 2.05-5.22). The T174M polymorphism of AGT gene showed no association with MVPS (p = 0.94). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene is associated with MVPS in the Chinese population of Taiwan. The association of the TT genotype with MVPS is more noteworthy than an overall increase in the frequency of the T allele at the M235T locus.     

Angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms M235T/T174M: no excess transmission to hypertensive Chinese

The gene encoding angiotensinogen (AGT) has been widely studied as a candidate gene for hypertension. Most studies to date have relied on case-control analysis to test for an excess of AGT variants among hypertensive cases compared with normotensive controls. However, with this design, nothing guarantees that a positive finding is due to actual allelic association as opposed to an inappropriate control population. To avoid this difficulty in our study of essential hypertension in Anqing, China, we tested AGT variants using the transmission/disequilibrium test, a procedure that bypasses the need for a control sample by testing for excessive transmission of a genetic variant from parents heterozygous for that variant. We analyzed two AGT polymorphisms, M235T and T174M, which have been associated with essential hypertension in whites and Japanese, using data on 335 hypertensive subjects from 315 nuclear families and their parents. Except in the group of subjects younger than 25 years, M235 and T174 were the more frequently transmitted alleles. We found that 194 parents heterozygous for M235T transmitted M235 106 times (P=0.22) and that 102 parents heterozygous for T174M transmitted T174 60 times (P=0.09). Stratifying offspring by gender, M235 and T174 were transmitted 60 of 106 times (P=0.21) and 44 of 75 times (P=0.17), respectively, in men, and 46 of 88 times (P=0.75) and 16 of 27 times (P=0.44), respectively, in women. Our results were also negative in all age groups and for the affected offspring with blood pressure values >/=160/95 mm Hg. Thus, this study provides no evidence that either allele of M235T or T174M contributes to hypertension in this Chinese population.     

T+31C polymorphism (M235T) of the angiotensinogen gene and home blood pressure in the Japanese general population: the Ohasama Study.

The angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphism M235T (a methionine to threonine amino acid substitution) has been investigated in association with essential hypertension (EHT) based on conventional measurement of blood pressure (BP); however, the results have been inconsistent. Recently, we have been conducting lines of genetic analysis on a general population of Ohasama Town in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, who measured their BP at home (Ohasama genetic analysis and home BP project). We here assessed the association between AGT M235T polymorphism and hypertension within the same population (1,245 subjects aged 40 years and over). AGT M235T polymorphism was determined by genotyping the AGT T+31C polymorphism, which has complete disequilibrium with the AGT M235T polymorphism. We defined subjects as hypertensive if they were being treated with antihypertensive medication and/or had home BP values of more than 135 mmHg in systole and/or 85 mmHg in diastole. The genotype frequencies were similar to those in previous Japanese studies. There was no significant difference among the genotypes in home BP values (p = 0.63/0.74 for systolic/diastolic blood pressure) or in prevalence of hypertension (MM: 44.7%; MT: 42.3%; TT: 39.6%; p = 0.61). No difference was noted in the frequency of familial history of hypertension. Pulse pressure, however, was significantly different among the genotypes (p = 0.049), and this association was prominent in the older (age260) population (p = 0.0018), but not noted in the younger population (60 > age > or = 40). In conclusion, the present analysis confirmed the lack of a significant effect of AGT M235T polymorphism on blood pressure level, but the difference in pulse pressure in the older population suggests that further investigations of this polymorphism should be made in the Japanese population.     

Association of angiotensinogen M235T and A(-6)G gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease with independence of essential hypertension: the PROCAGENE study. Prospective Cardiac Gene

OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism, the variant promoter of the AGT gene A(-6)G and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) in native Gran Canaria Island habitants, who have the highest rates of CHD in Spain. BACKGROUND: Some studies subject that the ACE (I/D) polymorphism could be associated with CHD, while AGT (M235T) has been related to essential hypertension. METHODS: We studied 304 subjects with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and a clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction or unstable angina and 315 age- and gender-matched controls. Blood was drawn and DNA extracted. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (I/D) gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and AGT gene polymorphisms by restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR and mutagenically-separated PCR. RESULTS: The ACE (I/D) polymorphism showed no association with CHD, whereas the frequency distribution of AGT (M235T) genotypes among patients and controls (235T: 29.1% and 19.0%; M235T: 48.5% and 50.2%; M235: 22.4% and 30.8%, respectively) was statistically different (p = 0.005) and not related to the presence of essential hypertension. Similar results were observed with the AGT A(-6)G polymorphism. In multiple logistic regression analysis, CHD odds ratio associated with 235T and M235 homozygotes were 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) and 0.54 (0.36 to 0.82), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that genetic variation of the AGT (M235T), but not the ACE (I/D), genotypes contributes to the presence of CHD independently of blood pressure profile in a subset of the Spanish population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease.     

Association of the angiotensinogen M235T and angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms in Turkish type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have suggested an association between a deletion variant of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and diabetic nephropathy. However, this finding has not been confirmed by all investigators. Furthermore, an M235T variant of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene has been associated with hypertension, an important risk factor for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated the relationship of the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) and AGT M235T gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without diabetic nephropathy. A total of 102 individuals were screened for the presence of the ACE I/D and AGT M235T polymorphism: 46 individuals who had type 2 DM with diabetic nephropathy and, as controls, 56 individuals who had type 2 DM without diabetic nephropathy. Gene polymorphisms were determined by the specific melting temperature (T(m)) values of the resulting amplicons after real-time online polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis. RESULTS: The frequencies of the ACE DD, ID, and II genotypes were 34.8%, 37.0%, and 28.3%, respectively, among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy, and 33.9%, 42.9%, 23.2%, respectively (P=.788), in the control subjects without diabetic nephropathy. On the other hand, the frequencies of the AGT MM, MT, and TT genotypes among the same groups were 26.1%, 52.2%, 21.7% and 26.8%, 57.1%, 16.1%, respectively (P=.758). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the frequencies of the AGT M235T and ACE I/D genotypes between Turkish patients with type 2 DM with and without nephropathy.     

Association of two angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms,M235T and G(-6)A,with chronic heart failure

The aim of the study was to focus on the relationship between the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms, M235T and promoter G(-6)A, and chronic heart failure in the Czech population. A total of 158 patients with chronic heart failure (functional class NYHA II-IV, ejection fraction <40%, cardiothoracic index >50%) were compared with a control group of 200 subjects of similar age and sex distribution, without any personal history of cardiovascular diseases. The AGT gene polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. No significant differences in distributions of AGT genotypes between patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and controls were found. The differences in distributions of alleles in AGT M235T (P(a)=0.02) and genotypes in AGT G(-6)A (P(g)=0.017) were found within women groups. Within CHF patients the distribution of AGT G(-6)A genotypes was not consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=0.0001). We found significant relative risk of CHF in the GGMT genotype, OR=2.63 with 95% CI 1.39-4.95, P(corr)=0.01 (in the male group OR=1.83, 95% CI 0.92-3.66, P(corr)=0.3; in the female group OR=15.5, 95% CI 1.86-129.42, P(corr)=0.008). We provide evidence of increased risk in subjects with the GGMT variant of associated genotype of AGT gene for CHF, especially of fifteen-fold risk of this variant in women.