内镜胆管引流术治疗胆瘘的临床价值

目的　探讨内镜胆管引流术治疗胆瘘的有效性和安全性。方法　回顾性分析2002年11月—2022年11月在解放军总医院第一医学中心诊治的连续性409例胆瘘患者的临床资料,最终纳入53例内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP）下行胆管引流术的胆瘘患者,分析患者的一般情况、手术操作情况、治疗结局和不良事件等。将患者分为支架引流组（n=46）与鼻胆管引流组（n=7）,比较两组术中特点、手术结果以及手术时间。结果　53例患者中,男36例、女17例,年龄（52.2±12.7）岁,其中58.5%（31/53）的患者继发于胆囊切除术。其临床成功率为83.0%（44/53）,手术时间为27.0（13.5,33.5） min,治疗1（1,2） 次,治愈时间89 （47,161） d。ERCP治疗轻度胆瘘相较于重度胆瘘成功率较高［96.4%（27/28）比 68.0% （17/25）, χ2=7.57, P=0.006］。跨瘘口引流相较于非跨瘘口引流治疗胆瘘的成功率更高［91.7% （33/36） 比64.7% （11/17）, χ2=5.95, P=0.015］,而使用较大口径（≥10 Fr）与较小口径（<10 Fr）的支架治疗胆瘘的成功率相近［81.8% （27/33）比84.6%（11/13）, χ2=0.05, P=0.822］。18.9%（10/53）的患者出现不良事件,其中胰腺炎6例、出血2例、胆管炎1例,死亡1例。除1例死亡外,其余9例不良事件均为轻度,且经保守治疗后好转。鼻胆管引流组和胆管支架引流组在临床成功率［6/7比82.6%（38/46）, χ2=0.04,P=0.838］、中位手术时间（28.0 min 比 23.0 min, Z=0.38, P=0.774）方面差异无统计学意义。结论　内镜胆管引流术治疗胆瘘是安全有效的。鼻胆管和胆管支架引流的临床疗效相似,ERCP治疗轻度胆瘘以及跨瘘口引流可能具有更高的临床成功率。     

Evaluation of diagnostic cytology via endoscopic naso-pancreatic drainage for pancreatic tumor

AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of cytology of the pancreatic juice obtained via the endoscopic naso-pancreatic drainage tube(ENPD-C).METHODS: ENPD was performed in cases where a diagnosis could not be made other than by using en-doscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and in cases of pancreatic neoplasms or cystic tumors, includ-ing intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN) suspected to have malignant potential. 35 patients(21 males and 14 females) underwent ENPD between January 2007 and June 2013. The pancreatic duct was imaged and the procedure continued in one of ENPD-C or ENPD-C plus brush cytology(ENPD-BC). We checked the cytology result and the final diagnosis.RESULTS: The mean patient age was 69 years(range, 48-86 years). ENPD-C was performed in 24 cases andENPD-C plus brush cytology(ENPD-BC) in 11 cases. The ENPD tube was inserted for an average of 3.5 d. The final diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of the resected specimen in 18 cases and of follow-up findings at least 6 mo after ENPD in the 18 inoperable cases. Malignancy was diagnosed in 21 cases and 14 patients were diagnosed as having a benign condition. The ratios of class Ⅴ/Ⅳ:Ⅲ:Ⅱ/Ⅰ?findings were 7:7:7 in malignant cases and 0:3:11 in benign cases. The sensitivity and specificity for all patients were 33.3% and 100%, re-spectively. The cytology-positive rate was 37.5%(6/16) for pancreatic cancer. For IPMN cases, the sensitivity and specificity were 33% and 100%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Sensitivity may be further increased by adding brush cytology. Although we can diagnosis cancer in cases of a positive result, the accuracy of ENPD-C remains unsatisfactory.     

经内镜逆行胰管支架引流术治疗胰瘘的临床价值

目的 探讨经内镜逆行胰管支架引流术(ERPD)治疗胰瘘的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年6月至2018年9月在海军军医大学长海医院及河南省人民医院采用ERPD诊治的42例胰瘘患者的临床资料,观察胰瘘治愈率、胰瘘愈合时间及并发症发生率等指标。结果 42例胰瘘患者中男30例(71.4%)、女12例(28.6%),年龄(41.5±12.8)岁。37例(88.1%)患者胰管支架越过瘘口,胰瘘总体治愈率90.5%(38/42),胰瘘中位愈合时间32.0 d(8~183 d)。外伤后胰瘘[(19.0±9.9)d,t=3.50,P=0.002]和外科手术后胰瘘[(20.3±10.7)d,t=3.35,P=0.003]的愈合时间短于急性重症胰腺炎后胰瘘愈合时间[(60.0±48.6)d]。胰腺假性囊肿者与无胰腺假性囊肿者胰瘘愈合时间比较,差异有统计学意义[(65.3±55.4) d比(32.6±23.6) d,t=2.21,P=0.040]。不同部位胰瘘在胰瘘治愈率、胰瘘愈合时间、ERCP次数方面差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。2例(4.8%)患者术后出现支架相关并发症,1例(2.4%)出现轻度胰腺炎。结论 ERPD是治疗胰瘘的重要手段,治疗效果好、并发症低。     

Factors affecting the yield of endoscopic transpapillary bile duct biopsy for the diagnosis of pancreatic head cancer

BackgroundTranspapillary biliary biopsy (TBB) is a simple endoscopic technique that can be performed during an initial biliary drainage session. This procedure has the potential to reduce the load of another tissue sampling in cases of pancreatic head cancer (PHC) with biliary stricture. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with a positive outcome using TBB for PHC.MethodsIn total, 130 cases that underwent TBB for investigation of distal biliary stricture were included [62 cases of PHC, 36 cases of distal biliary cancer (DBC), and 32 cases of benign biliary stricture (BBS)]. Factors affecting the diagnostic efficiency of TBB were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic analyses.ResultsCancer tissue was obtained in 31 cases (50%) of PHC and 33 cases (91.7%) of DBC. Multivariable analysis showed that ≧10 mg/dl of serum bilirubin level (odds ratio [OR]: 5.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–28.20; P = 0.021) and ≧3 tissue samplings (OR: 3.59; 95% CI: 1.02–14.27, P = 0.046) were independent factors affecting cancer-positive rate in cases of PHC. In >90% of resected cases of PHC, cancer involved the left side of the biliary mucosa and the range of cancer invasion (≧2/3 of circumference of biliary mucosa) was also a significant factor (P = 0.001).ConclusionsPHC showing high level of serum bilirubin (>10 mg/dl) and high circumferential proportion of bile duct invasion (>2/3 judging from MDCT) is a good indication for biliary biopsy. Targeting the left-side wall and ≧3 tissue samplings will lead to the higher sensitivity.     

Biliary plastic stent does not influence the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of pancreatic head masses performed with core biopsy needles

ObjectiveWhile the presence of biliary stent significantly decreases the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for pancreatic head cancer staging, its impact on the EUS-guided sampling accuracy is still debated. Furthermore, data on EUS-fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) using core biopsy needles in patients with pancreatic mass and biliary stent are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of biliary stent on the adequacy and accuracy of EUS-FNB in patients with pancreatic head mass.MethodsAll patients who underwent EUS-guided sampling with core needles of solid pancreatic head masses causing obstructive jaundice were retrospectively identified in a single tertiary referral center. Adequacy, defined as the rate of cases in which a tissue specimen for proper examination was achieved, with and without biliary stent, was the primary outcome measure. The diagnostic accuracy and complication rate were the secondary outcome measures.ResultsA total of 130 patients with pancreatic head mass causing biliary obstruction were included in the study: 74 cases of them were sampled without stent and 56 cases with plastic stent in situ. The adequacy was 96.4% in the stent group and 90.5% in the group without stent (p = 0.190). No significant differences were observed for sensitivity (88.9% vs. 85.9%), specificity (100% for both groups), and accuracy (89.3% vs. 86.5%) between those with and without stent, respectively. The accuracy was not influenced by the timing of stenting (<48 h or ≥48 h before EUS). No EUS-FNB related complications were recorded.ConclusionThe presence of biliary stent does not influence the tissue sampling adequacy, the diagnostic accuracy and the complication rate of EUS-FNB of pancreatic head masses performed with core biopsy needles.     

胰腺分裂内镜治疗价值

目的探讨内镜下治疗胰腺分裂的疗效和安全性。方法收集2006年6月至2013年6月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院消化科就诊的8例胰腺分裂患者的临床资料,对术中及术后情况进行回顾性分析。结果8例胰腺分裂患者共行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术28例次,均置入胰管支架,其中7例同时行副乳头括约肌切开术,6例行内镜下扩张术,1例行胰管取石术。术后出现1例次轻度胰腺炎。随访2～47个月,1例死于胰腺癌,3例已拔出支架,3例定期复查,1例失访。患者术后慢性胰腺炎急性发作频率及腹痛程度均较术前明显降低。结论内镜下治疗胰腺分裂安全有效,可减少胰腺炎发作频率,减轻术后腹痛程度,术后并发症发生率低。     

Clinical utility of treatment method conversion during single-session endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage

BACKGROUND Although several techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD)are available at present,an optimal treatment algorithm of EUS-BD has not yet been established.AIM To evaluate the clinical utility of treatment method conversion during single endoscopic sessions for difficult cases in initially planned EUS-BD.METHODS This was a single-center retrospective analysis using a prospectively accumulated database.Patients with biliary obstruction undergoing EUS-BD between May 2008 and April 2016 were included.The primary outcome was to evaluate the improvement in EUS-BD success rates by converting the treatment methods during a single endoscopic session.Secondary outcomes were clarification of the factors leading to the conversion from the initial EUS-BD and the assessment of efficacy and safety of the conversion as judged by technical success,clinical success,and adverse events(AEs).RESULTS A total of 208 patients underwent EUS-BD during the study period.For 18.8%(39/208)of the patients,the treatment methods were converted to another EUSBD technique from the initial plan.Biliary obstruction was caused by pancreatobiliary malignancies,other malignant lesions,biliary stones,and other benign lesions in 22,11,4,and 2 patients,respectively.The reasons for the difficulty with the initial EUS-BD were classified into the following 3 procedures:Target puncture(n=13),guidewire manipulation(n=18),and puncture tract dilation(n=8).Technical success was achieved in 97.4%(38/39)of the cases and clinical success was achieved in 89.5%of patients(34/38).AEs occurred in 10.3%of patients,including bile leakage(n=2),bleeding(n=1),and cholecystitis(n=1).The puncture target and drainage technique were altered in subsequent EUSBD procedures in 25 and 14 patients,respectively.The final technical success rate with 95%CI for all 208 cases was 97.1%(95%CI:93.8%-98.9%),while that of the initially planned EUS-BD was 78.8%(95%CI:72.6%-84.2%).CONCLUSION Among multi-step procedures in EUS-BD,guidewire manipulation appeared to be the most technically challenging.When initially planned EUS-BD is technically difficult,treatment method conversion in a single endoscopic session may result in successful EUS-BD without leading to severe AEs.     

Influence of the safety and diagnostic accuracy of preoperative endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for resectable pancreatic cancer on clinical performance

AIM:To evaluate the safety and diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)in a cohort of pancreatic cancer patients.METHODS:Of 213 patients with pancreatic cancer evaluated between April 2007 and August 2011,82were thought to have resectable pancreatic cancer on the basis of cross-sectional imaging findings.Of these,54 underwent EUS-FNA before surgery(FNA+group)and 28 underwent surgery without preoperative EUSFNA(FNA-group).RESULTS:All 54 lesions were visible on EUS,and all54 attempts at FNA were technically successful.The diagnostic accuracy according to cytology and histology findings was 98.1%(53/54)and 77.8%(42/54),respectively,and the total accuracy was 98.1%(53/54).One patient developed mild pancreatitis after EUS-FNA but was successfully treated by conservative therapy.No severe complications occurred after EUS-FNA.In the FNA+and FNA-groups,the median relapse-free survival(RFS)was 742 and 265 d,respectively(P=0.0099),and the median overall survival(OS)was1042 and 557 d,respectively(P=0.0071).RFS and OS were therefore not inferior in the FNA+group.These data indicate that the use of EUS-FNA did not influence RFS or OS,nor did it increase the risk of peritoneal recurrence.CONCLUSION:In patients with resectable pancreatic cancer,preoperative EUS-FNA is a safe and accurate diagnostic method.     

Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy for diagnosis of pancreatic masses

AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of histological evaluation of pancreatic tissue samples obtained by a modified method for recovering and processing the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) material in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic solid masses.METHODS Sixty-two consecutive patients with pancreatic masses were prospectively studied. EUS was performed by the linear scanning Pentax FG-38UX echoendoscope. Three FNAs (22G needle) were carried out during each procedure. The materials obtained with first and second punctures were processed for cytological study. Materials of the third puncture were recovered into 10% formol solution by careful injection of saline solution through the needle, and processed for histological study.RESULTS Length of the core specimen obtained for histological analysis was 6.5 5.3 mm (range 1-22 mm).Cytological and histological samples were considered as adequate in 51 (82.3%) and 52 cases (83.9%), respectively. Overall sensitivity of both pancreatic cytology and histology for diagnosis of malignancy was 68.4%. Contrary to cytology, histology was able to diagnose tumours other than adenocarcinomas, and all cases of inflammatory masses. Combination of cytology and histology allowed obtaining an adequate sample in 56 cases (90.3%),with a global sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 100%and an overall accuracy of 90.32%. The complication rate was 1.6%.CONCLUSION Adequate pancreatic core specimens for histological examination can be obtained by EUS-guided FNA. This technique is mainly useful for the diagnosis of different types of pancreatic tumours and evaluation of benign diseases.     

Appropriate number of biliary biopsies and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sessions for diagnosing biliary tract cancer

BACKGROUND Biliary ductal cancer(BDC) is a lethal disease; however, diagnosing BDC is challenging. Biliary biopsies are performed to pathologically diagnose BDC, but the appropriate parameters for biliary biopsy [number of biliary biopsies, number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) sessions, etc.] are unknown.AIM To clarify what constitutes an adequate method for biliary biopsy.METHODS In total, 95 patients who underwent endoscopic biliary biopsy without choledochoscopy and who were pathologically diagnosed with BDC were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups. Seventy-six patients who were diagnosed by biliary biopsy were defined as the positive group(P group), and nineteen patients who were not diagnosed by biliary biopsy were defined as the negative group(N group). The patient characteristics and ERCP-related procedures were compared between the P and N groups.RESULTS The numbers of ERCP sessions and biliary biopsies were significantly different between the two groups [ERCP sessions(one/two), P group 72/4 vs N group15/4, P value = 0.048; number of biliary biopsies, P group 2(1-6) vs N group 2(1-7), P value = 0.039]. In a multivariate analysis, fewer than 2 ERCP sessions was an independent factor influencing the positivity of the biliary biopsies.CONCLUSION This study clarified that ERCP and biliary ductal biopsy should only be performed once. If biliary cancer is not pathologically diagnosed after the first ERCP session, other methods(Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration or choledochoscopy-guided biliary ductal biopsy) should be employed.     

胰头部囊腺瘤局部切除术前内镜下置入胆胰管支架的安全性及疗效分析

为探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP）下胆胰管支架置入联合胰腺局部切除术（enucleation，En）治疗胰头部囊腺瘤的安全性与临床疗效，回顾性分析2020年1月—2023年1月杭州市第一人民医院行ERCP+En（ERCP+En组，n=11）与En（En组，n=12）治疗的胰头部囊腺瘤患者临床资料，对比两组一般情况、术中情况、围术期并发症、住院时间及随访结果。两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。ERCP+En组中，ERCP置入胆胰管支架顺利，术后出现高淀粉酶血症3例，经保守治疗好转。两组En术中均无中转开腹、输血发生，术后均无严重并发症。ERCP+En组与En组术后B/C级胰瘘分别为0例和3例（P=0.001），中位住院时间分别为11 d和15 d，差异有统计学意义（U=2.25，P=0.031）；两组中位En时间（145 min比155 min，U=0.03，P=0.952）、中位术中出血量（100 mL比120 mL，U=0.05，P=0.784）差异无统计学意义。中位随访18个月，两组患者均无复发，ERCP+En组无胆胰管狭窄发生，En组中2例发生胰管狭窄，1例发生胆管狭窄。内镜下胆胰管支架置入联合En治疗胰头部囊腺瘤可有效减少术后胰瘘，避免远期胆胰管狭窄等并发症。     

Endoscopic ultrasonography guided biliary drainage: Summary of consortium meeting,May 7^th , 2011, Chicago

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become the preferred procedure for biliary or pancreatic drainage in various pancreatico-biliary disorders. With a success rate of more than 90%, ERCP may not achieve biliary or pancreatic drainage in cases with altered anatomy or with tumors obstructing access to the duodenum. In the past those failures were typically managed exclusively by percutaneous approaches by interventional radiologists or surgical intervention. The morbidity associated was significant especially in those patients with advanced malignancy, seeking minimally invasive interventions and improved quality of life. With the advent of biliary drainage via endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance, EUS guided biliary drainage has been used more frequently within the last decade in different countries. As with any novel advanced endoscopic procedure that encompasses various approaches, advanced endoscopists all over the world have innovated and adopted diverse EUS guided biliary and pancreatic drainage techniques. This diversity has resulted in variations and improvements in EUS Guided biliary and pancreatic drainage; and over the years has led to an extensive nomenclature. The diversity of techniques, nomenclature and recent progress in our intrumentation has led to a dedicated meeting on May 7 th , 2011 during Digestive Disease Week 2011. More than 40 advanced endoscopists from United States, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Italy, France, Austria, Germany, Spain, Japan, China, South Korea and India attended this pivotal meeting. The meeting covered improved EUS guided biliary access and drainage procedures, terminology, nomenclature, training and credentialing; as well as emerging devices for EUS guided biliary drainage. This paper summarizes the meeting’s agenda and the conclusions generated by the creation of this consortium group.     

Pancreatic guidewire placement for achieving selective biliary cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

AIM： To investigate the frequency and risk factors for acute pancreatitis after pancreatic guidewire placement （P-GW） in achieving cannulation of the bile duct during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography （ERCP）.
METHODS： P-GW was performed in 113 patients in whom cannulation of the bile duct was difficult. The success rate of biliary cannulation, the frequency and risk factors of post-ERCP pancreatitis, and the frequency of spontaneous migration of the pancreatic duct stent were investigated.
RESULTS： Selective biliary cannulation with P-GW was achieved in 73% of the patients. Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 12% （14 patients： mild, 13; moderate, 1）. Prophylactic pancreatic stenting was attempted in 59% of the patients. Of the 64 patients who successfully underwent stent placement, three developed mild pancreatitis （4.7%）. Of the 49 patients without stent placement, 11 developed pancreatitis （22%： mild, 10; moderate, 1）. Of the five patients in whom stent placement was unsuccessful, two developed mild pancreatitis. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed no pancreatic stenting to be the only significant risk factor for pancreatitis. Spontaneous migration of the stent was observed within two weeks in 92% of the patients who had undergone pancreatic duct stenting.
CONCLUSION： P-GW is useful for achieving selective biliary cannulation, Pancreatic duct stenting after P-GW can reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, which requires evaluation by means of prospective randomized controlled trials,     

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography guided interventions in the management of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality with an overall five-year survival of less than 9% in the United States. At presentation, the majority of patients have painless jaundice, pruritis, and malaise, a triad that develops secondary to obstruction, which often occurs late in the course of the disease process. The technical advancements in radiological imaging and endoscopic interventions have played a crucial role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of patients with pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)-guided diagnosis(with brush cytology, serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination technique, or biliary biopsy) and therapeutic interventions such as pancreatobiliary decompression, intraductal and relief of gastric outlet obstruction play a pivotal role in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer and are increasingly used due to improved morbidity and complication rates compared to surgical management. In this review, we highlight various ERCP-guided diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for the management of pancreatic cancer.     

Role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in isolated pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer

A case is reported of a 50-year-old woman with a history of small-cell lung cancer admitted with pancreatic head lesions, discovered during investigation for obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic ultrasound assisted fine needle aspiration of the pancreatic mass was consistent with small cell carcinoma, presenting as an isolated metastasis from the previously diagnosed lung cancer. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancrea- tography (ERCP) showed extrinsic compression and a bile duct stricture, requiring sphincterotomy and stent insertion. This case highlights that acute pancreatitis and biliary obstruction can occur as a manifestation of small cell lung cancer metastasizing to the pancreas. EUS is a safe, low risk and rapid diagnostic tool in such cases, and ERCP with stenting offers a safe and effective treatment option.     

改良多点引流法治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的价值

目的:探讨改良多点引流法对肝移植术后胆道并发症的影响。方法:研究对象为2018年5月—2020年5月上海中医药大学附属曙光医院肝移植术后因胆道并发症行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）治疗的125例患者。按EXCEL产生随机数...     

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of the biliary system:Techniques,indications and future perspectives

Over the last decade, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD)has evolved into a widely accepted alternative to the percutaneous approach in cases of biliary obstruction with failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography(ERCP). The available evidence suggests that, in experienced hands, EUS-BD might even replace ERCP as the first-line procedure in specific situations such as malignant distal bile duct obstruction. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data on EUS-BD and propose an evidence-based algorithm clarifies the role of the different EUS-BD techniques in the management of benign and malignant biliary obstructive disease.     

内镜下同期放置双侧金属胆道支架的方法探讨

目的 探讨经内镜同期置入双侧可膨式金属胆道支架的方法。方法9例Ⅱ～Ⅳ型肝门部胆管恶性梗阻患者,平均血胆红素（162．8±193．8）μmol／L,内镜下插入双导丝分别留置在左、右侧胆管内,在充分扩张狭窄段后,逐一插入金属支架至双侧肝管予以释放。观察操作的便利性、成功率、控制黄疸有效性、早期并发症和近期的临床疗效。结果全组均一次成功置入双侧支架,分别采用“Y”型支架置入法2例、塑料支架过渡法1例和并行支架法6例,平均耗时（38．1±14．8）min,以并行法置入且留置支架末端在乳头外的方法最为便捷。9例患者术后除1例外其他黄疸均迅速消退,3周内均退至正常,无明显并发症发生。结论同期置人双侧金属支架是安全可行的,可迅速有效地控制肝门部肿瘤所致的黄疸和胆道感染;采用特殊设计的金属支架并行置入,并将支架末端留置在乳头外,是较为简便效佳的方法。     

A pilot proof-of-concept study of a modified device for one-step endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage in a new experimental biliary dilatation animal model

AIM:To evaluate the technical feasibility of a modified tapered metal tip and low profile introducer for onestep endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD)in a new experimental biliary dilatation porcine model.METHODS:A novel dedicated device for one-step EUS-guided biliary drainage system(DEUS)introducer has size 3F tapered catheter with size 4F metal tip for simple puncture of the intestinal wall and liver parenchyma without graded dilation.A self-expandable metal stent,consisting of both uncovered and nitinol-covered portions,was preloaded into DEUS introducer.After establishment of a biliary dilatation model using endoscopic hemoclips or band ligation with argon plasma coagulation in 9 mini-pigs,EUS-BD using a DEUS was performed following 19-G needle puncture without the use of fistula dilation devices.RESULTS:One-step EUS-BD was technically successful in seven pigs[7/9(77.8%)as intention to treat]without the aid of devices for fistula dilation from the high body of stomach or far distal esophagus to the intrahepatic(n=2)or common hepatic(n=5)duct.Primary technical failure occurred in two cases that did not show adequate biliary dilatation.In seven pigs with a successful bile duct dilatation,the technical success rate was 100%(7/7 as per protocol).Median procedure time from confirmation of the dilated bile duct to successful placement of a metallic stent was 10 min(IQR;8.9-18.1).There were no immediate procedure-related complications.CONCLUSION:Modified tapered metal tip and low profile introducer may be technically feasible for onestep EUS-BD in experimental porcine model.