疑似豨莶草致肝损伤2例

<正>豨莶草为菊科植物豨莶、腺梗豨莶或毛梗豨莶的干燥地上部分,味辛、苦,性寒,归肝、肾经,具有祛风湿、利关节、清热解毒、降血压等功效,临床上主要用于治疗风湿痹痛、筋骨无力、腰膝酸软、四肢麻木、半身不遂、风疹湿疮等症,其主要化学成分包括二萜类、倍半萜类和黄酮类等化合物~([1]),是一种被广泛应用的中药。在临床使用中,豨莶草出现了为数不多的不良反应,现将本科室收治的2例疑似豨莶草引起严重肝损伤患者的病例资料进行分析,总结如下。1病例资料1.1病例1     

不同物种稀莶草急性毒性的比较

豨莶草为菊科植物,2005年版<药典>收载3个物种,分别为稀莶Siegesbeckia orientalis L.、腺梗豨莶Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino或毛梗豨莶Siegesbeckiaglabrescens Makino[1].<唐本草>、<本经逢原>和<本草纲目>等历代医书对其毒性考证认为"有小毒".     

3种正品豨莶草的鉴别

目的建立药典版中豨莶、腺柄豨莶、毛梗豨莶鉴别提供实验依据。方法采用显微特征,理化和薄层色谱的鉴别方法。结果3种正品豨莶具不同鉴别特征。结论能更准确地把3种正品豨莶草区别。     

中药豨莶草的化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

目的探讨菊科植物豨莶草化学成分及其近年来药理作用研究进展。方法检索、整理、归纳国内外有关豨莶草化学成分及其药理作用研究文献。结果与结论豨莶草主要含有二萜类、倍半萜类、黄酮类等化学成分,豨莶草提取物及化学成分具有抗炎镇痛、抗过敏、心血管保护等生物活性。     

大血藤化学成分提取方法和药理作用的研究进展

目的：综述中药大血藤的化学成分提取方法及药理作用情况。方法对国内大血藤的化学成分、药理作用方面的文献进行总结。结果大血藤主要化学成分有酚酸类、蒽醌类、黄酮类、总皂苷、鞣质类等;药理作用有抗菌、抗病毒、消炎、抗肿瘤等。结论大血藤中化学成分的提取与测定方法较成熟、临床应用广泛,具有很好的应用前景。     

天胡荽的研究进展

对天胡荽的植物形态、化学成分、药理作用及临床应用等方面的发展进行综述,供深入研究和开发应用参考.     

天胡荽的研究进展

对天胡荽的植物形态、化学成分、药理作用及临床应用等方面的发展进行综述，供深入研究和开发应用参考。     

中药绵萆薢的研究进展

目的对绵萆薢的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用、鉴别及质量控制方法做一综述。方法参考国内外30多篇文献,按照化合物的结构类型对其化学成分进行分类,对其药理作用、临床应用、鉴别及质量控制方法加以总结。结果绵萆薢含有多种化学成分,主要有甾体皂苷类、二芳基庚烷类及木脂素类等化合物;具有预防动脉粥样硬化、抗骨质疏松、抗肿瘤、抗心肌缺血等药理作用;在临床上用于治疗慢性前列腺炎、精液不液化症、骨质疏松症、骨关节炎、风湿及类风湿性关节炎;绵萆薢的鉴别方法目前多采用薄层色谱法,用HPLC法对其进行质量控制。结论在化学成分、药理作用、鉴别及质量控制方法等方面对绵萆的研究进行的较多,在其临床应用及作用机制方面的研究则还需进一步开展。     

中药白英的研究进展

目的对中药白英的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用作以综述。方法按照化合物的结构类型对白英的化学成分进行分类综述,并且对其药理作用及临床应用加以总结。结果白英含有多种化学成分,主要有甾体皂苷类、甾体生物碱类、有机酸等化合物,它具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗过敏、抗真菌等药理作用,在临床上作为常用抗癌中草药。结论为中药白英的研究与开发提供了参考。     

虎眼万年青(Ornithogalum Caudatum)化学成分和药理作用研究进展

本文对虎眼万年青的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用的研究近况进行系统文献整理,总结了虎眼万年青中皂苷类、多糖类、黄酮类和萜类等化学成分的研究情况,对其的抗肿瘤、免疫增强和抗炎等药理作用及临床应用进行了综述,并对今后的研究进行了展望,为虎眼万年青的开发和利用奠定了一定的基础.     

腺梗豨莶化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的对中药腺梗豨莶(Siegesbeckia pubescensMakino.)进行化学成分的研究。方法通过硅胶柱色谱、ODS、Sephadex LH-20和制备HPLC等手段分离,利用理化性质和光谱方法鉴定结构。结果分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为过氧化麦角固醇(ergosterol peroxide,1)、尿嘧啶(uracil,2)、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(stigmast-4-en-3-one,3)、豆甾醇(stigmasterol,4)、奇任醇(kirenol,5)、琥珀酸(succinicacid,6)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,7)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,8)。结论化合物1~3首次从该属植物中得到。     

川产腺梗豨莶中豨莶甙的分离鉴定

从川产腺梗豨莶全草中分离出的二萜甙经理化鉴定及光谱分析证实为豨莶甙,并在分离纯化方法上有所改进。     

HPLC-RID法测定腺梗豨莶药材中豨莶精醇等4种化合物的含量

目的建立测定腺梗豨莶中豨莶精醇、16β,17-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸、16α氢-贝壳杉烷-17,19-二羧酸和3',4'-二甲氧基槲皮素含量的高效液相色谱示差折光检测方法(HPLC-RID)。方法以十八烷基硅烷键合相为固定相,流动相为体积分数0.3%甲酸溶液-乙腈(体积比42∶55),流速为1.0 mL·min-1,示差检测器光学元件温度为40℃,柱温30℃。结果豨莶精醇的线性范围为0.202².02 g·L-1,16β,17-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸的线性范围为0.5102.02 g·L-1,16β,17-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸的线性范围为0.510⁵.10 g·L-1,16α氢-贝壳杉烷-17,19-二羧酸的线性范围为0.2985.10 g·L-1,16α氢-贝壳杉烷-17,19-二羧酸的线性范围为0.298².98 g·L-1,3',4'-二甲氧基槲皮素的线性范围为0.1002.98 g·L-1,3',4'-二甲氧基槲皮素的线性范围为0.100¹.00 g·L-1,4种化合物线性关系良好(r>0.999);平均加样回收率在99.2%1.00 g·L-1,4种化合物线性关系良好(r>0.999);平均加样回收率在99.2%¹04.9%内;RSD小于3.4%。结论该方法简便、准确、重复性良好,适用于腺梗豨莶中4种成分的同时测定。     

小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂研究进展

目的:探讨小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)的作用机制、临床应用与个体化给药。方法:查阅国内、外文献,归纳目前小分子TKI的作用特点及临床应用。结果与结论:酪氨酸激酶(TK)与细胞的增殖、分化、迁移和凋亡有着密切的关系,在细胞生命活动的信号转导途径中扮演着十分关键的角色。小分子TKI已成为当前国际抗肿瘤药研究的热点,其临床应用及个体化给药已取得重要进展。     

豨莶草对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的体外抑制效应

目的 研究中药豨莶草提取物对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的体外抑制效应. 方法 培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞,体外加入不同浓度的豨莶草提取物,MTT法观察其对细胞增殖的影响. 结果 豨莶草的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位对HeLa细胞有较强的体外增殖抑制作用. 结论 豨莶草对He1a细胞有较强的体外抑制效应.     

第5代头孢菌素头孢洛林酯的药理研究进展与临床应用评价

目的:概括头孢洛林酯(ceftraoline fosamil)的药理学特点,评价其临床应用。方法:收集国内外相关文献,从头孢洛林酯的作用机制、抗菌活性、药代动力学等方面进行分析、评价。结果与结论:头孢洛林酯是头孢菌素类抗菌药物,具有较广的抗菌谱,对革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌和厌氧菌均有较强的抗菌作用。     

Odanacatib for the treatment of osteoporosis

Introduction: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are important public health concerns. Cathepsin K inhibitors, including odanacatib, are a novel class of medications for osteoporosis whose mechanism of action is to directly inhibit bone resorption without killing osteoclasts, thereby permitting the complex coupling between bone resorption and formation to continue.

Areas covered: The physiological basis for the mechanism of action of cathepsin K inhibitors is covered in addition to a review of the preclinical, Phase I, Phase II and preliminary Phase III trial data of odanacatib.

Expert opinion: Evidence suggests that odanacatib has similar efficacy to bisphosphonates at increasing bone mineral density and decreasing risk of fragility fractures. Although odanacatib may preferentially inhibit bone resorption more than formation, the clinical significance of this difference in mechanism of action is not yet known. A careful analysis of the Phase III trial data is needed with specific attention to adverse events.     

Romidepsin for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Introduction: Patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma remain a population with unmet medical needs. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) represent a novel class of anticancer drugs currently in development in several malignancies. Inhibition of HDACs leads to acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins, which in turn results in epigenetic modification of gene expression that leads to a plethora of effects, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Romidepsin is a novel HDACI that has demonstrated preclinical and clinical activity.

Areas covered: This review discusses the different HDACs and epigenetic regulation with a particular focus on the preclinical and clinical development of romidepsin in lymphoma. The review of romidepsin includes: the mechanism of action, its synergistic interaction with novel agents, pivotal clinical trials that lead to its US FDA approval in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma as well as active combinations currently in clinical trials.

Expert opinion: Romidepsin is a potent HDACI with clinical activity in T-cell lymphoma where novel agents and combinations are desperately needed. A deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of this class of agents will allow the design of more potent drugs with improved toxicity profiles and future rational combinations that will expand the indication and benefit from these novel agents.     

Apatinib for the treatment of gastric cancer

Introduction: Antiangiogenesis therapy plays an important role in cancer treatment. Apatinib mesylate, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, has been recommended as third-line treatment for metastatic gastric cancer patients.

Areas covered: The current review summarizes the publications and conference reports relating to apatinib from preclinical and clinical research in gastric cancer. Apatinib showed good safety, tolerance and treatment efficacy in Phase I/II studies. In a Phase III study, apatinib prolonged the median overall survival of patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic gastric cancer by 55 days and the median progression-free survival by 25 days compared with placebo.

Expert opinion: Apatinib is a new treatment option for advanced gastric cancer. Apatinib is expected to have a broader application when it has been evaluated worldwide. The key issues are to find biomarkers and overcome drug resistance.