澳门老年人抑郁症状及其影响因素调查分析

目的：调查澳门老年人中抑郁症状及影响因素。方法：采用CES－D抑郁量表对662名55岁以上的澳门中老年人进行了评定，结果：有12．37％的老人有明显的抑郁症状；抑郁量表的得分女性显著高于男性，不同年龄组之间差异不显著。多元回归分析的结果显示，家庭结构，经济保障，与配偶及子女的关系，健身活动等是影响澳门老年人抑郁情绪的主要因素。结论：澳门老人中存有抑郁症状，其影响因素是多方面的。     

家庭内代际支持与老年人抑郁的关系

目的:探究家庭内代际支持与老年人抑郁的关系。方法:使用中国家庭追踪调查2018年数据,选取4957个家庭中年龄≥60岁、有婚姻经历且有子女在世的7233名老年人。采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)衡量抑郁症状,通过工具、经济、情感三方面测量双向代际支持,以个体为水平1,家庭为水平2,构建多水平模型。结果:子代工具支持(β=0.52、0.94、1.43)与亲代经济支持(β=0.41)会加重老年人的抑郁症状,但随着家庭外出打工人数增加,子代工具支持(β=-0.03)与老年人抑郁症状负向关联。在情感支持方面,与子女频繁见面(β=-1.36～-0.76)可以降低老年人的抑郁症状。结论:本研究显示家庭内不同类型、不同方向的代际支持对老年人抑郁症状有不同影响。     

北京市城市2个社区老年人抑郁症状的调查与分析

目的探讨北京市城市社区老年人抑郁症状发生率及其影响因素。方法采用非概率抽样法抽取北京市两个城市社区≥60岁471名老年人作为调查对象,采用老年人抑郁量表简表(GDS-15)和世界卫生组织生活质量问卷简版(WHQOLBREF)对入选老年人进行访谈。结果抑郁症状的检出率为18.259%(86/471)。女性老年人抑郁症状的发生率高于男性(χ2=10.131,P=0.001)。随着学历的增高,老年人抑郁症状的发生率有下降的趋势(χ2=13.210,df=3,P=0.004);随着家庭月收入的增高,老年人抑郁症状的发生率有所下降(χ2=9.969,df=4,P=0.041);个人独居、与子女同居的老年人抑郁症状发生率均高于与夫妇同居的老年人(χ2=11.80,P=0.001;χ2=8.18,P=0.004);患有慢性病的老人抑郁症状的发生率高于未患慢性病者(χ2=5.772,P=0.016)。有抑郁症状的老人在健康状况自评、心理领域、环境领域的得分低于无抑郁症状的老年人(t=2.773,P=0.006;t=2.068,P=0.041;t=3.151,P=0.002)。结论女性、教育程度、经济收入、与谁同住和患有慢性病是老年人抑郁症状发生的影响因素;抑郁症状影响城市社区老年人的生活质量。     

保定市2010年精神卫生指标调查

2011年初,我们根据卫生部《精神卫生工作指标调查评估方案》[1](以下简称《评估方案》),对保定市《中国精神卫生工作规划(2002-2010年)》[2](以下简称《规划》)部分指标的落实情况进行了调查. 1 对象与方法 1.1对象 1.1.1普通人群 在年龄为≥15岁人群抽样.按照城市城区和农村人口所占行政区划人口的比例确定城市样本量和农村样本量,城市样本量为400人,农村样本量为1 100人.确定保定市3个区为城市样本,5个县为农村样本.以居委会作为基本抽样单位,抽样方法为家庭人户调查,每个家庭随机抽取1人.农村以乡镇为单位,把每个县所有乡镇按人口数排列,抽取1至2个所辖乡镇,再对所辖的行政村按人口数排列,抽取1至3个行政村,共抽取10个村.以村委会为中心,按照不同方向逐户登记,家庭抽取1人进行调查.     

河南、广东、内蒙古三地居民心理健康知识知晓率调查

目的:评估《全国精神卫生工作规划(2015-2020年)》居民心理健康知识知晓率达标情况。方法:在广东、河南、内蒙古3个省(区)各选取2个地市,每个地市选取1个区和1个县,每个区(县)抽取2个街道(乡镇),每个省抽取582名城市普通居民和1355名农村普通居民,采用国家卫生健康委员会制定的心理健康知识知晓率调查问卷对调查地区18～60岁普通居民开展问卷调查。结果:8676份问卷中7203份有效。三地总知晓率为80.4%,农村居民4687人,知晓率为79.8%;城市居民2516人,知晓率为81.4%。城乡和性别差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),地域、受教育程度、年龄差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:居民心理健康知识知晓率已达标,应加强对低受教育程度、老年人的宣传教育。     

社会支持对老年人抑郁情绪的影响研究

目的：探讨补会支持对老年人抑郁情绪的作用机制。方法：对北京市238名60岁以上社区老年人进行CES-D、PSSS和SRHMS中的生理健康子量表的测量。结果：8．51％的老年人有程度不等的抑郁，男女之间无差异，无配偶的老人抑郁发生率比有配偶的高7.3％，身体健康差的老年人抑郁程度重。社会支持能解释抑郁变异的10％。家庭支持是抑郁的有效预测成分．家庭支持高的抑郁情绪少，β=-0.29。家庭支持与婚姻状况、身体健康存在交互作用。结论：社会支持对老年抑郁有普遍增益作用，家庭支持是其有效成分。对于无配偶、身体健康差的易感人群，家庭支持能有效缓解这部分老年人的抑郁情绪。     

社区老年人抑郁症状及影响因素

目的:了解社区老年人抑郁症状的发生情况及影响因素。方法:采用分层随机抽样方法,应用自编一般情况问卷、饮食情况调查表及老年抑郁量表(GDS)对济宁市某社区165名老年人进行问卷调查。结果:老年人抑郁症状的发生率为7.3%。单因素分析表明,居住在城市(χ~2=10.110,P=0.003)、家庭和睦(χ~2=9.587,P=0.019)、经常吃水果(χ~2=6.976,P=0.013)、豆制品(χ~2=7.373,P=0.012)的老年人抑郁症状的发生率比较低,差别有统计学意义;Logistic回归分析,家庭和睦老年人抑郁症状发生率比较低(OR=8.190,P=0.022),差异有统计学意义。结论:家庭和睦情况是影响老年抑郁症状发生的因素,饮食因素对抑郁症状的发生有一定的影响。     

社区老人抑郁及相关因素分析

为了调查社区老人抑郁及相关因素，本文采用抑郁自评量表（CES—D）、简明精神状态量表（MMSE）．参考社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、老人抑郁影响因素调查表，对上海静安区500例60岁以上老人进行调查，结果显示69例有肯定抑郁症状．影响抑郁的四个主要因素为：参加团体活动、与儿女关系、同住情况及住房满意度。     

安徽省农村某镇空巢老人抑郁情况现状及相关因素

目的:了解安徽省农村空巢老人抑郁症状发生情况及相关因素.方法:采取随机整群抽样方法抽取安徽省农村某镇为研究地区,采用老年精神状况量表(Geriatric Mental State Schedule,GMS)对该镇60岁及以上空巢老人抑郁症状发生情况进行调查.结果:共调查1600名老人,其中,非空巢老人739人,抑郁症检出率为6.2%,亚病例检出率为4.7%;空巢夫妻同居老人643人,其抑郁症状检出率为3.7%,亚病例患检出为3.0%;空巢独居老人218人,其抑郁症状检出率为11.5%,亚病例患状检出为6.9%.分析结果显示:女性抑郁症状检出率为8.6%,男性检出率为2.9%,女性显著高于男性(x2=12.78);空巢独居老人抑郁症状检出率高;健康自评(rs=0.50)、生活满意度(rs=0.57)、经历负性生活事件数(rs=0.561)等因素与抑郁症状检出率相关.结论:抑郁症状严重影响空巢老人特别是空巢独居老人健康,应采取有针对性的措施,以减少抑郁症状对空巢老人的影响.     

社区老年人抑郁障碍及影响因素调查

目的 调查社区老年人抑郁障碍的现状。方法 采用问卷，对杭州市５８１名社区老年人进行入户调查。结果 有１６．７％存在抑郁障碍，女性、７０岁以上老年人抑郁障碍发生率更高。婚姻状况、经济状况、家庭关系、业余爱好、身体状况等对抑郁的产生起作用。结论重视社区老年人的抑郁障碍，关注影响抑郁障碍的社会因素。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.