雷莫司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的研究

目的观察研究雷莫司琼与地塞米松联合用药对预防妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心、呕吐(PONV)的预防作用.方法60例行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者,随机分为两组,A组(雷莫司琼组,n=30)和B组(雷莫司琼+地塞米松组,n=30).A组在全麻诱导前静脉注射雷莫司琼0.3mg,B组在全麻诱导前静脉注射雷莫司琼0.3mg+地塞米松10mg.观察记录术后24 h内恶心、呕吐的发生率及严重程度.结果术后24小时内B组PONV发生率(23.3%)明显低于A组(53.3%),有明显的差别(P<0.05).结论雷莫司琼与地塞米松联合用药在预防妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐方面效果更好.     

帕洛诺司琼对术后恶心呕吐高危患者的防治效果研究

目的:观察使用帕洛诺司琼、托烷司琼后防止恶心呕吐高危患者行妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的疗效,探讨预防和减少术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生的有效方法。方法:选择腹腔镜下卵巢肿物切除术60例,患者随机分为两组,A组:于术前30min静脉注入地塞米松10mg,帕洛诺司琼0.25mg;B组:于术前静脉注入地塞米松10mg,托烷司琼5mg,每组30例(n=30),采用常规的麻醉诱导和维持。对比观察两组患者术毕0～6h,0～12h,0～24h和0～48h恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率,记录两组患者不良事件的发生率。结果:两组患者的年龄、体重、身高、麻醉时间及血流动力学变化差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B两组患者术后48h恶心呕吐(PONV)总发生率分别为33.3%、46.7%,其中A组恶心、呕吐发生率比较低(P<0.05)。结论:帕洛诺司琼对于PONV高危患者腹腔镜妇科手术后所引起的恶心、呕吐具有确切的防治作用,且效果优于托烷司琼。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐综合防治的临床疗效观察

目的观察对腹腔镜手术患者采取相应的综合措施防止术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的疗效。方法随机将120例择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者分为两组,Ⅰ组采取综合性的防治措施：术前进行心理辅导减轻心理压力、术毕静注格拉斯琼3mg＋地塞米松10mg、术后延迟排除胃管（麻醉清醒后6～8小时）。Ⅱ组术前不进行心理辅导、术毕仅静注格拉斯琼3mg＋地塞米松10mg、术后麻醉清醒后即拔除胃管,观察两组术后24h内患者恶心呕吐发生情况。以观察综合性的防治措施对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的临床防治效果。结果两组PONV发生率和程度显示,Ⅰ组明显低于Ⅱ组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对腹腔镜手术患者采取综合性的防治措施对于防止术后心呕吐（PONV）的效果优于仅联合使用预防用药。     

电针内关对妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的影响

目的探讨术前电针内关穴对妇科腹腔镜患者PONV的影响。方法采用随机数字法,将择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者80例分为电针组40例和对照组40例,实验组于麻醉诱导前20min电针双侧内关,对照组于麻醉诱导前20min接受伪针刺,记录并比较两组患者术后24h内恶心呕吐的发生率以及抗呕吐药物的使用情况。结果电针组在术后24h恶心呕吐的发生率为20%,对照组术后24h恶心呕吐发生率为36.7%;针刺组使用止吐药物例数1例,对照组使用止吐药物例数8例,其差异有统计学意义。结论术前电针内关能显著降低妇科腹腔镜手术患者PONV的发生率,减少术后抗呕吐药物的使用。     

昂丹司琼和氟哌利多及甲氧氯普胺联合预防妇科肿瘤患者术后恶心呕吐的效果

目的比较昂丹司琼、氟哌利多、甲氧氯普胺单用或合用在预防妇科肿瘤患者术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的效果。方法将160例妇科肿瘤患者随机分为4组,A组在发生PONV后给予昂丹司琼8mg,B组术后给予昂丹司琼8mg,C组术后给予氟哌利5mg 甲氧氯普胺20mg,D组先给予昂丹司琼8mg后给予氟哌利多5mg 甲氧氯普胺20mg,比较4组患者术后48h内PONV总发生率。结果4组患者术后48h内PONV总发生率分别为52.5%、25.0%、27.5%、7.5%;D组术后48h内PONV总发生率与A组、B组和C组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲氧氯普胺、昂丹司琼、氟哌利多联合应用预防妇科肿瘤患者硬膜外术后镇痛时PONV较单用或两种药物联用效果好。     

格拉司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的 探讨格拉司琼联合地塞米松对预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)的疗效.方法 120例择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分成4组,每组30例.开始缝皮时格拉司琼组(G组)静脉注射格拉司琼3 mg(用生理盐水稀释成10 ml),地塞米松组(D组)静脉注射地塞米松10 mg(用生理盐水稀释成10 ml),格拉司琼联合地塞米松组(GD组)静脉注射格拉司琼3 mg+地塞米松10 mg(共10 ml),对照组(C组)静脉注射生理盐水10 ml.观察和记录术后24 h PONV的例数和程度.结果 与对照组相比,格拉司琼组、地塞米松组、格拉司琼联合地塞米松组均能显著减少妇科腹腔镜术后24 h PONV的发生(P<0.01);联合用药较单一,用药差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 格拉司琼联用地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜PONV临床疗效显著,效果较单用格拉司琼或地塞米松更佳.     

盐酸托烷司琼对妇科腹腔镜手术术后恶心呕吐的预防作用

目的观察5-HT3受体拮抗剂托烷司琼对妇科腹腔镜手术术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的预防作用,以寻求一种理想的止吐药物,预防和减少PONV的发生。方法择期妇科腹腔镜手术患者50例,随机双盲分成对照组（n=25）和盐酸托烷司琼组（n=25）。术毕托烷司琼组静脉注射托烷司琼2mg用0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释至20mL,对照组给予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。观察术后24h内各时段各组恶心、呕吐发生率。24h内各时段试验组与对照组恶心呕吐（PONV）的发生率具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论术毕静脉注射托烷司琼2mg可降低术妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的发生,且是一种简便、有效的止吐方法。     

昂丹司琼与地塞米松及甲氧氯普胺的不同配伍用于防治口腔颌面外科手术后恶心呕吐的疗效比较

目的比较昂丹司琼、地塞米松和甲氧氯普胺的3种不同配伍用于防治口腔颌面外科手术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的疗效。方法口腔颌面外科手术患者977例,年龄20～75岁,美国麻醉医师协会分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,均采用全身麻醉,术后使用静脉自控镇痛。患者按给予镇吐药的不同配方分为3组,A组(472例)予甲氧氯普胺30 mg,B组(223例)予昂丹司琼4 mg 甲氧氯普胺30 mg,C组(282例)予昂丹司琼4 mg 甲氧氯普胺30 mg 地塞米松5 mg。结果A组的PONV发生率最高,达41.9%,其中重度呕吐占63.6%;B组的PONV发生率达18.8%,重度呕吐占31.0%;C组的PONV发生率最低,仅1.1%,无严重呕吐患者。C组的PONV发生率显著低于A、B组,B组又显著低于A组(P值均<0.05)。结论昂丹司琼联合地塞米松和甲氧氯普胺用于术后PONV的防治具有良好的镇吐疗效。     

三种5-HT3受体拮抗剂对妇科病人术后恶心呕吐的影响

【目的】对比观察5-HT3受体拮抗剂对妇科病人术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的影响。【方法】120例择期行妇科开腹手术的患者,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,年龄20～60岁,采用腰硬联合阻滞麻醉,术后采用吗啡行硬外镇痛。按双盲原则随机分为4组,每组30例:A组,生理盐水对照组;B组,恩丹西酮8mg;C组,托烷司琼5mg;D组,阿扎司琼10mg.于手术结束时静脉注射上述药物。观察术毕24h给止吐药至第1次出现恶心的时间,各组发生恶心、呕吐的病人数,采用补救药物的病例数,恶心的严重程度,病人对止吐药物的满意度,镇静程度,VAS疼痛程度评分及不良反应。【结果】B、C、D组恶心、呕吐的发生率、再次接受止吐药物的病人的百分率均小于A组(P<0.05),B、C、D组恶心、呕吐的发生率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组初次出现恶心呕吐的时间与其余各组相比有统计学意义(P<0.05),另外C、D组初次出现恶心呕吐的时间明显长于B组(P<0.05);A组恶心严重程度评分与其余各组相比有统计学意义(P<0.05),在A组中还发现有两例病人出现严重呕吐.c组恶心严重程度评分明显小于B、D组(P<0.05)。各组VAS疼痛程度评分无显著差异(P>0.05);B、C、D组镇静程度评分与A组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】恩丹西酮8mg、托烷司琼5mg、阿扎司琼10mg在术后24h内预防妇科患者P     

阿扎司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科术后恶心呕吐疗效观察

目的:比较阿扎司琼和地塞米松联用与单独应用对妇科手术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率的影响.方法:择期行妇科手术患者89例,均给予硬膜外麻醉,随机分为3组.阿扎司琼联合地塞米松组(AD组):阿扎司琼10 mg稀释成5 ml于手术结束时静脉注射(静注),同时静注地塞米松10 mg;阿扎司琼组(A组):阿扎司琼10 mg稀释成5 ml于手术结束时静注;对照组(NS组),手术结束时生理盐水5 ml静注.观察术后PONV的发生率,每例分别测定用药前、用药后5 min心率(HR)、平均血压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2).结果:AD组PONV发生率明显少于NS组(P<0.01),各组患者用药后HR、MAP、SpO2差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:阿扎司琼联合地塞米松能有效防治妇科手术后的PONV.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.