等离子扁桃体切除术与常规剥离法扁桃体切除术之比较

目的:比较等离子扁桃体切除术与常规剥离法扁桃体切除术对患者术中、术后的影响。方法:随机将56例患者分为等离子组和对照组,等离子组用低温等离子射频消融系统连接EVac70刀头,能量设置为6,切除扁桃体;对照组则采用常规剥离法扁桃体切除术,手术均由同一术者完成。记录两侧扁桃体切除所需时间和出血量;术后第1天至第10天患者每日记录咽部疼痛情况,恢复正常活动时间和正常饮食时间;术后第10天,医师观察并记录扁桃体窝内的白膜状况。结果:等离子组手术时间比对照组短,术中总出血量<10ml,而对照组平均出血量为(119±43)ml;等离子组患者术后疼痛轻于对照组,且比对照组更早恢复正常饮食;2组患者恢复正常活动时间的差异无统计学意义;等离子组较对照组白膜脱落慢。等离子组有1例患者于术后第7天口咽部有活动性出血,需缝扎止血。结论:等离子扁桃体切除术与剥离法相比,患者术后疼痛明显减轻,出血量极少,手术方法容易掌握,但扁桃体窝愈合的时间较长。     

低温等离子刀与双极电凝在扁桃体切除术中的疗效比较

目的比较低温等离子射频消融术与双极电凝法对扁桃体切除术患者的临床疗效。方法选取我院于2012年6月-2014年8月收治的82例行双侧扁桃体切除术的成人患者为研究对象,将其分为观察组与对照组,观察组采用低温等离子刀切除扁桃体,对照组采用双极电凝切除扁桃体。比较两组扁桃体切除时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度、恢复正常饮食时间、假膜脱落时间。结果观察组切除扁桃体手术时间、术中出血量均较对照组少,且比对照组更早恢复正常饮食,术后疼痛也较对照组轻,假膜脱落时间也短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论低温等离子刀切除扁桃体具有术中出血少、手术时间短、安全有效等优势,值得临床推广应用。     

超声刀在扁桃体手术中的应用

目的 比较超声刀扁桃体切除术与常规剥离法扁桃体切除术对患者术中、术后的影响.方法 半随机分组(根据住院号最后一位数字的奇偶数分组),将60例患者分为超声刀组和对照组.超声刀组用超声刀手术系统切除扁桃体,对照组则采用常规剥离法切除扁桃体.记录切除扁桃体所需时间和出血量,手术后扁桃体窝内的伪膜状况,咽部疼痛情况,恢复正常活动时间和正常饮食时间.结果 超声刀组(30例)手术时间比对照组(30例)为短,术中出血量(-x±s)较对照组少[分别为(8.8±4.7)ml和(32.0±12.4)ml],术后疼痛轻于对照组,更早恢复正常饮食,但较对照组伪装膜脱落慢.差异均有统计学意义.结论 超声刀扁桃体切除术与剥离法相比,患者术后疼痛明显减轻,出血量极少,手术方法 容易掌握,但扁桃体窝愈合的时间较长.     

全麻下单极电刀切除扁桃体90例疗效观察

目的 探讨全麻下运用单极电刀实施扁桃体切除术的临床疗效。方法 将行扁桃体切除术的患者180例随机平均分为两组,术前全身麻醉,实验组（A组）行单极电刀全程切除双侧扁桃体,对照组（B组）采用传统扁桃体剥离术,对两组的手术时间、出血量、白膜脱离时间及术后疼痛程度等进行比较。结果 A组术中出血量、手术时间较B组明显减少,术后疼痛时间也较B有所降低,但是白膜脱落时间稍长。结论 全麻下单极电刀扁桃体切除术有操作简便、视野清楚、手术时间短、术中出血极少等优势。     

超声刀在扁桃体切除手术中的应用

目的 通过与常规扁桃体剥离术比较,探讨超声刀辅助扁桃体切除术的优缺点.方法 88例成人扁桃体切除适应证患者分为超声刀组(42例)和对照组(46例).超声刀组通过超声刀行扁桃体切除术,对照组则采用常规扁桃体剥离术.记录完整切除扁桃体所用的时间和术中出血量、术后咽痛等情况.结果 超声刀组平均((x-)±s,下同)手术时间(14.7 ±4.0) min比对照组(28.9 ±.7.6)min短,术中出血量(3.1±1.1)ml较对照组(19.0 ± 5.2) ml少,差异均具有统计学意义(t值分别为-10.691和-19.544,P值均＜0.05).超声刀组术后当天10 h内疼痛轻于对照组,但术后3d后咽痛较对照组明显,多数患者持续时间较长(秩和检验P值均＜0.05).常规剥离法扁桃体白膜脱落平均时间为术后8d,而超声刀组平均为11d,两者比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.115,P＜0.05).结论 超声刀扁桃体切除术具有手术时间短、术中出血量少等优点,但术后咽痛症状存留时间较长,且白膜脱落时间迟,需避免饮食不当造成继发性出血.     

咽腭弓肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子术后创面的临床疗效

目的 对扁桃体等离子切除术的术式进行改进,分析咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子术创面对术后疗效的改善情况。 方法 对需行扁桃体等离子切除术患者进行随机分组。105例行常规扁桃体等离子切除术(大多数囊内切除),94例在扁桃体等离子切除后制作局部咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体窝创面。对两组患者的术后疼痛、创面反应及出血情况进行分类统计,分析比较应用咽腭肌黏膜瓣修复的临床效果。 结果 在术后第1至第7天,实验组与对照组患者间的疼痛程度、创面反应情况及出血并发症的发生均有差异。实验组不同层次疼痛程度的病例数明显少于对照组,术后创面反应观察中,实验组白膜脱落时间较对照组明显缩短,出血概率明显减低。 结论 应用咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子切除后创面操作简便,可明显改善患者术后疼痛,促进创面愈合,减少创面术后出血概率。     

低温等离子射频扁桃体部分切除术及全切术治疗儿童OSAHS的疗效比较

目的:比较低温等离子射频扁桃体部分切除术及全切术治疗OSAHS的短期疗效差异。方法:将并发扁桃体肥大的160例OSAHS患儿随机分为2组:实验组行腺样体切除联合扁桃体部分切除术,对照组行扁桃体全切术;对术前术后的睡眠监测结果、疼痛评分、术后并发症等进行比较。结果:实验组和对照组术后1周和术后3个月的睡眠监测结果较术前均有明显改善,且2组之间各项指标术后同期比较差异无统计学意义。术后4d实验组较对照组疼痛评分较低,差异有统计学意义,术后5～10d疼痛差异无统计学意义。2组患儿创面假膜脱落时间差异无统计学意义,对照组有8例术后1周内继发出血,16例术后半年舌根及咽后壁淋巴组织代偿性增生,而实验组无类似并发症发生。结论:低温等离子射频扁桃体部分切除具有出血少、术后睡眠呼吸阻塞症状改善明显、术区疼痛反应较轻、可保留原有扁桃体的生理功能等特点,适用于各年龄段扁桃体为增生肥大病变的OSAHS患儿。     

外用重组人表皮生长因子对扁桃体术后疗效的观察

目的　观察外用重组人表皮生长因子（recombinant human epidermal growth factor for external use，rhEGF）对扁桃体切除术后创面愈合及疼痛程度的疗 效。方法　60例因慢性扁桃体炎或扁桃体肥大行扁桃体切除的患者随机分成两组，试验组于扁桃体术后创面喷洒rhEGF治疗，对照组扁桃体术后创面未用任何药物。观察两组患者创面白膜形成与完全脱落时间，创面愈合情况及疼痛程度。结果　与对照组比较，试验组创面白膜完全脱落时间更短，创面愈合情况更好，术后第3、5、7天创面疼痛程度更轻（P＜0.05），而创面白膜形成时间和术后第1天疼痛程度两组无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论　扁桃体术后局部应用rhEGF可以加快创面愈合，减轻患者痛苦。     

三种不同扁桃体切除术疗效比较

目的 探讨比较冷器械切除+缝合术、单极电凝切除术、等离子射频术三种不同手术方法切除扁桃体的疗效。 方法 将扁桃体切除术患者分为三组,冷器械切除+缝合术(A组)65例;单极电凝切除术(B组)40例;等离子射频切除术(C组)38例。记录扁桃体切除手术总时间、术中出血量、疼痛评分,术后复查时观察扁桃体白膜状况。 结果 A、B、C三组的平均手术时间分别为58.8 min、27.0 min、23.7 min;术中平均出血量分别为34.2 mL、16.1 mL、12.5 mL;术后3 h和术后第1天的疼痛评分之间,差异均有统计学意义。 结论 与冷器械切除+缝合术和单极电凝切除术相比,等离子射频术切除扁桃体费用较高,但其手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后疼痛程度小。     

超声刀扁桃体切除术的临床病理研究

目的　探讨超声刀扁桃体切除术的临床应用价值。方法　将40例需行扁桃体切除术的患者分为2组,采用自身对照。A组30例,患者右侧行超声刀扁桃体切除术,左侧行传统扁桃体剥离术;B组10例,右侧行超声刀扁桃体切除术,左侧行针式电刀扁桃体切除术。记录患者左右两侧的手术时间、术中出血量、白膜开始脱落的时间、术后出血发生率及疼痛评分。光学显微镜下观察扁桃体组织的损伤程度并测量其损伤深度。结果　A组超声刀的术中出血量、手术时间、术后疼痛均优于传统手术,但白膜开始脱落的时间稍延迟,差异有统计学意义;B组超声刀的术中出血和手术时间优于针式电刀,而术后疼痛、白膜开始脱落时间两者相比差异无统计学意义;两组患者的术后原发性及继发性出血率差异无统计学意义;3种术式对扁桃体组织的热损伤深度中位数分别为0.60、0.25、0.53 mm,差异有统计学意义。结论　超声刀扁桃体切除术是一种安全、有效的手术方式,值得临床推广应用。     

Powered instrumentation in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: an alternative to the carbon dioxide laser

OBJECTIVE: To assess the advantages of powered instrumentation vs the carbon dioxide laser in treating patients with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS: Patients operated on for juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2000. Papillomas were excised using the microdebrider in one group and the carbon dioxide laser in the second group. INTERVENTIONS: Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, suspension microlaryngoscopy, and excision of papillomas by the carbon dioxide laser or the microdebrider. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative time and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Seventy-three operations were performed (23 with the laser and 50 with the microdebrider). Sixteen patients were included, 10 with active disease and 5 with disease in remission; 1 was lost to follow-up. They had a mean age of 3.75 years, and the male-female ratio was 7:9. The patients presented mostly with hoarseness (13 [81%]). Four (25%) had soft tissue complications with the laser. The microdebrider was less time-consuming than the laser, although those treated with the microdebrider had more active disease. No factor could be used to measure treatment outcome due to disease variability. Those who were older, female, and African American tended to have less severe manifestations of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The microdebrider proved to be less time-consuming than the carbon dioxide laser when used in patients with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Soft tissue complications were nonexistent. In addition to safety, the microdebrider is more appealing to the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and parents, especially because these children often need subsequent surgical procedures.     

Graded carbon dioxide laser-induced subglottic injury in the rabbit model

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an endoscopic and histologic analysis of the subglottic effects of various carbon dioxide laser-induced injuries in the rabbit model. DESIGN: Animals were assigned to either a control (cricothyroidotomy only) group or 4 (cricothyroidotomy and posterior subglottic laser) groups that were injured using varying systematically controlled carbon dioxide laser power exposures (5 W, 8 W, and 12 W), with durations of 2 or 4 seconds, and surface area exposures (25% or 40%). SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits. INTERVENTIONS: The subglottis was approached via cricothyroidotomy. Control airways were immediately closed, while injured airways were subjected to graded carbon dioxide laser exposures prior to closure. Airways were endoscopically monitored preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and on postoperative days 1, 7, 14, and 21, after which the animals were humanely killed and subglottic tissue harvested for histological evaluation. RESULTS: Clinical observation revealed no significantly obstructive (acute) stenosis during the duration of the study. Endoscopic visualization revealed the formation of posterior subglottic scarring. Histological analysis of the mucosa revealed that use of carbon dioxide laser resulted in a statistically significant (unpaired, 2-tailed t test, P<.05) proportional thickening of the lamina propria layer, without significant changes in the epithelial and cartilaginous layers. In addition, mucosal blood vessel size increased proportional to the power of the laser delivered to the area (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Carbon dioxide laser-induced injury to the subglottis caused localized scarring, lamina propria thickening, and increased vascularity, which resolved with time and was not associated with significant airway obstruction. This model describes a systematic, controlled, and reproducible method of investigating subglottic injury.     

Electrocautery Versus Carbon Dioxide Laser for Uvulopalatoplasty in the Treatment of Snoring

Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty is a popular method for reducing snoring. Drawbacks are the large initial expense of the laser unit and related equipment and required safety precautions. The equipment required for electrocautery for cautery-assisted uvulopalatoplasty is significantly less expensive to obtain and operate compared with the carbon dioxide laser. Ninety-eight patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups to undergo uvulopalatoplasty: one performed with the carbon dioxide laser and the other with electrocautery. We compared postoperative pain, time off work, efficacy, and the number of treatments required to achieve a satisfactory result. We found no statistically significant difference in any of these parameters between the two treatment groups (P > 0.05). Our data show that the use of the carbon dioxide laser offers no advantage over electrocautery in performing uvulopalatoplasty to treat snoring.     

Use of transoral carbon dioxide laser for supraglottic web from caustic ingestion in a 13 year old

A 13 year old male was referred to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology due to unsuccessful decannulation. At 2 years of age, patient accidentally ingested a caustic liquid alkali and underwent emergency tracheostomy, exploratory laparotomy, and tube gastrectomy. 11 years after, patient was seen at the outpatient department for decannulation. On nasopharyngolaryngoscopy, a supraglottic stenosis with a central 1-mm opening was visualized. Patient underwent transoral carbon dioxide laser excision of supraglottic stenosis. Fused aryepiglottic folds were released from the epiglottis. Patient was discharged well with no immediate complications and was successfully decannulated 1 month post operation with good voice outcome. No recurrence of stenosis at one year post operation. Accidental caustic ingestion commonly occurs in the pediatric age group. A frequent complication of accidental caustic ingestion is strictures. The use of transoral carbon dioxide laser in the surgical treatment of supraglottic stenosis is a suitable option for pediatric patients as this offer several advantages such as less post operative edema, good intraoperative control of hemorrhage, few post-operative complications and is less invasive compared to open laryngeal procedures. This case exhibits the importance of close monitoring for pediatric patients after caustic ingestion in order to diagnose complications earlier.     

脂肪组织鼓膜修补术中CO2激光的应用

目的选择慢性化脓性中耳炎或外伤性鼓膜穿孔91例,探讨CO2激光脂肪组织鼓膜修补术临床效果。方法全部患者随机分两组,治疗组为应用CO2激光脂肪组织鼓膜修补术,对照组为颞肌筋膜鼓膜修补术。SPSS13.0统计软件统计,采用校正的卡方检验。结果治疗组言语频率气导平均听阈（15.4±5.5）dBHL,平均听力提高（9.8±4.7）dBHL,纯音听力测试6例鼓膜未愈合者无听力损失加重,鼓膜已愈合的42例中气骨导差无改变者5例;对照组言语频率平均气导听阈（16.6±4.7）dBHL,平均听力提高（8.6±5.5）dBHL,纯音听力测试4例鼓膜未愈合者无听力损失加重,鼓膜已愈合的39例气骨导差无改变者6例。治疗组鼓膜愈合的42例中,30例鼓膜平整,色泽正常,12例鼓膜穿孔处稍增厚,但平整。鼓膜均无内陷、粘连改变。患者无耳鸣、面瘫、耳垂外形改变。经检验外伤组与中耳炎组的鼓膜穿孔愈合率差异无统计学意义。分别比较不同大小鼓膜穿孔愈合率表明不同大小穿孔愈合率（直径4.5mm以下）,差异无统计学意义。结论采用CO2激光切除部分鼓膜上皮层,脂肪组织鼓膜修补,是简单、方便、有效的鼓膜修复方法。     

Application of carbon dioxide and erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers in inner ear surgery: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Surgery of the inner ear requires atraumatic techniques to preserve the sensory structures of the inner ear. With modern laser technology, surgery can be performed without mechanical contact, reducing the risk of direct mechanical trauma. However, energy transfer by laser light has the potential to induce damage by heating, pressure waves, or direct irradiation, depending on the properties of the laser and parameters of application. HYPOTHESIS: The application of laser systems in inner ear surgery may have an advantage over traditional techniques; the carbon dioxide laser in continuous mode with an automated scanning procedure and the erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser were compared with a mechanical technique, using a diamond drill. METHODS: A cochleostomy in the basal cochlear turn of guinea pigs was created. Thresholds in response to frequency-specific stimuli and clicks were established by recording compound action potentials, both before and after the procedure. RESULTS: The best results in terms of preservation of cochlear function were obtained with the diamond drill. However, a single ear had a complete loss after fracture of the cochlear wall. Mean threshold shifts observed with the carbon dioxide laser were slightly greater, showing mild high-frequency losses, although differences to the group of drilling were not statistically significant. Results with the erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser showed significantly higher degrees of hearing loss than the other two groups, predominantly in the high-frequency region. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical opening of the inner ear using a microdrill can be performed with minimal hearing loss; however, it carries the risk of direct trauma to the inner ear. The carbon dioxide laser with a new scanning technology as a noncontact procedure is shown to be effective and safe. It can be regarded as a useful tool in inner ear surgery. The erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser has a greater potential to cause damage.     

Carbon dioxide laser excision of earlobe keloids. A prospective study and critical analysis of existing data

When steroid injections have failed, the most common approach for the treatment of earlobe keloids is surgical excision. The carbon dioxide laser has recently been used with varying reported success in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Proponents of this technique claim that the intrinsic properties of laser surgery, which slows fibroblast proliferation, may be responsible for delaying or preventing the recurrence of keloids. We report results on the effectiveness of carbon dioxide laser excision of earlobe keloids. Eighteen patients were followed up from 8 months to 2 years, or up to a recurrence. Four patients within this group with bilateral keloids provided a self-controlled sample. One ear was randomly chosen for laser excision and the other for scalpel excision. There were recurrences in both groups. There were also 17 recurrences in a group of 23 keloids excised by laser, 9 occurring between 6 and 12 months postoperatively. We failed to demonstrate a lower recurrence rate of earlobe keloids using the carbon dioxide laser and discuss some of the factors responsible for this outcome.     

A comparison of ocular protective measures during carbon dioxide laser laryngoscopy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of various eye protection measures during carbon dioxide laser laryngoscopy. DESIGN: A standard medical mannequin was equipped with indicator paper over the eyes and subjected to multiple passes of direct carbon dioxide laser beam contact at 400-mm focal length with powers ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 W during simulated laser microlaryngoscopy. Several different eye protection materials, including silk tape, paper tape, cloth tape, occlusive dressing, and eye pads, were used to cover the eyes and tested for their degree of protection against the laser beam. Thermal injuries were quantified and compared among these protective materials. SETTING: Academic medical center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Degree of eye protection against the laser beam injury on a scale of 0 to 4. RESULTS: The carbon dioxide laser beam at both 2.5 and 4.0 W produced considerable thermal damage to the indicator paper in the absence of any protective barrier. Among the adhesive protective barriers, moistened cloth tape was the most effective adhesive material against laser beam-induced thermal damage (P<.001). Silk tape and paper tape offered poor protection. Moist eye pads, although not adhesive and therefore unable to maintain eye closure, were very effective barriers against the laser beam. Dry paper tape and dry eye pads were imminently flammable. CONCLUSION: A combination of moistened cloth tape to maintain eye closure coupled with placement of well- moistened cotton-based eye pads over the tape provides excellent eye protection during carbon dioxide laser laryngoscopy.     

Actinic cheilitis. A prospective study comparing four treatment methods

Forty patients with actinic cheilitis were treated with one of four modalities: topical fluorouracil, chemical peel with trichloroacetic acid, lip shave, or carbon dioxide laser ablation of the vermilion. Patients treated with lip shave or carbon dioxide laser ablation had no recurrence of the problem during a 4-year period. While the lip shave procedure offers the advantage of histologic examination of the specimen, the patients treated with the laser ablation had fewer postoperative complications.     

Laser surgery for the treatment of glottic carcinomas

PURPOSE: The standard treatment for patients with early glottic carcinoma in Israel has been radiotherapy. In recent years, encouraging results with laryngo-microscopic carbon dioxide laser surgery as a treatment for early glottic carcinoma has changed our treatment strategy. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the results of carbon dioxide laser excisional technique for early glottic carcinoma (T1, T2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), (21 patients with T1 and 5 patients with T2 lesions), 3 had carcinoma in situ, (CIS) and 3 had verrucous carcinoma (VC). RESULTS: All patients were free of disease after salvage treatment at the most recent follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Careful patient selection with endoscopic staging and strict follow-up are essential to secure good results in the treatment of carbon dioxide laser for early laryngeal carcinoma.