心脏瓣膜手术同期微波消融治疗心房纤颤

心房纤颤（AF）是心脏瓣膜疾病最常合并的心律失常之一,在风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变的病人中,AF的发生率可达40%～60%,且术后仍为AF的发生率可高达80.09%.心内直视手术病例,药物、冷冻、手术前后介入及附加迷宫手术（MAZE手术）治疗AF疗效差别较大.心内直视手术同期采用微波消融治疗AF,具有创伤小、并发症少、疗效确切等优点.2003年5月至2005年5月,我们在心脏瓣膜手术同期微波消融治疗合并的AF 82例,早期效果满意.     

微波消融治疗心脏瓣膜疾病合并心房颤动初步探讨

目的　探讨外科微波消融治疗心脏瓣膜疾病合并持续性心房颤动 (AF)的方法。方法　回顾分析 4 9例心脏瓣膜疾病合并持续性AF病例 ,其中 2 5例行瓣膜置换同期微波治疗AF(治疗组 ) ,2 4例行瓣膜置换而未同期行微波治疗AF病人 (对照组 )的治疗结果和早期随访资料。结果　治疗组 2 2例术中恢复窦性心律 ,3例仍为AF ;2 5例随访 1～ 2 3个月 ,2例仍为AF ,1例术后第 12dAF复发 ,口服胺碘酮等药物治疗效果欠佳 ;总有效率为 88 .0 % (2 2 / 2 5例 )。对照组术后 3例转复为窦性心律 ,2 1例仍为持续性AF ,口服药物治疗疗效欠佳 ;2 3例随访 1～ 2 5个月 ,2例为窦性心律 ,窦性心律维持率 8. 3% (2 / 2 4例 ) ,两组相比差异有显著统计学意义 (P <0 . 0 5 )。结论　微波消融治疗瓣膜疾病合并持续性AF安全、可靠、疗效较为确切 ,但尚待循证医学进一步证实。     

微波消融治疗心房颤动在瓣膜手术中的应用

目的探索瓣膜手术同期微波消融治疗心房颤动的初步经验。方法对90例心脏瓣膜病合并持续性心房颤动患者,在瓣膜手术同期行心内膜微波消融。结果全组平均微波消融时间为(14.3±2.9)min。术后随访1~24个月,复发14例,治愈率84.4%,无消融相关并发症。结论瓣膜手术同期微波消融治疗心房颤动安全、有效。     

心脏瓣膜手术同期微波消融治疗心房颤动的术后护理

对112例风湿性心脏病并发心房颤动(AF)患者行心脏瓣膜手术同期微波消融(RF)治疗,术后密切观察病情变化,做好起搏器的护理、血液循环的监护,胺碘酮的用药监测及并发症的护理等.结果 术后随访2～24个月,100例恢复窦性心律,12例AF复发,治愈率为89.3%.提示术后全方位高质量的护理可提高手术成功率,降低复发率.     

心脏瓣膜手术同期微波消融治疗心房颤动的术后护理

对112例风湿性心脏病并发心房颤动（AF）患者行心脏瓣膜手术同期微波消融（RF）治疗,术后密切观察病情变化,做好起搏器的护理、血液循环的监护、胺碘酮的用药监测及并发症的护理等。结果术后随访2～24个月,100例恢复窦性心律,12例AF复发,治愈率为89.3%。提示术后全方位高质量的护理可提高手术成功率,降低复发率。     

不中断冠脉循环下直视双极射频消融治疗心房颤动

目的总结直视双极射频消融治疗心房颤动(AF)的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2008年4月至2010年1月我科治疗34例心脏病合并心房颤动患者的临床资料,其中男11例,女23例;年龄34~75岁,平均年龄44岁。心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅲ级以上的风湿性心脏瓣膜病30例,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病2例,房间隔缺损和室间隔缺损伴重度肺动脉高压各1例,均在直视双极射频消融治疗心房颤动时采用不中断心脏冠脉循环的方法保持心肌有氧灌注,同期行二尖瓣置换术21例,主动脉瓣及二尖瓣双瓣膜置换术8例,二尖瓣及三尖瓣置换术1例,冠状动脉旁路移植术2例,房间隔缺损修补术1例和室间隔缺损修补术1例。结果术后发生一过性低心排血量综合征和室性心律失常各1例,全组无手术死亡。术后即时窦性心律为100.00%(34/34),术后1周时为44.12%(15/34),出院时为64.70%(22/34)。随访时间1~17个月,随访6个月后因血栓栓塞死亡1例,失访1例。出院后1个月时窦性心律维持率为78.79%(26/33),3个月时为85.18%(23/27),6个月时为87.50%(21/24),1年时为88.23%(15/17)。结论在不中断冠脉循环下施行直视心房颤动改良迷宫双极射频消融术,简单可行,效果可靠,对重症患者更加安全。     

心内直视手术加射频消融迷宫术治疗心房颤动的疗效分析

目的评价心内直视手术加射频(RF)消融行迷宫(maze)手术的安全性和疗效。方法2003年1月至2004年10月共66例患者接受心内直视手术加RF消融maze手术,回顾性分析并随访比较手术前后心电图、超声心动图检查等指标,通过电话和信件了解心功能的变化和脑梗死的发生情况。结果RF消融maze手术所需时间为18.61±3.56min,全组无院内死亡,并发症发生率为15.15%(10/66)。随访时间14.25±6.47个月,随访率95.45%(63/66);最近的随访中心房颤动消除率80.95%(51/63),窦性心律恢复率74.60%(47/63),全组无1例发生脑梗死,77.78%(49/63)的患者术后心功能(NYHA)级。术后6个月随访心脏超声心动图检查提示左心房、左心室较术前明显缩小(P<0.01)。结论心内直视手术加RF消融行maze手术消除心房颤动安全有效。     

心脏不停跳心瓣膜置换术治疗重症心脏瓣膜疾病

1999年 11月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月我们在心脏不停跳下对 31例重症心脏瓣膜疾病患者施行心瓣膜置换术 ,与常规手术的31例相比效果较好。1　临床资料与方法1.1　一般资料　根据手术时心脏是否停搏将 6 2例重症心脏瓣膜疾病患者分为两组。实验组 :共 31例 ,男 14例 ,女 17例 ;年龄 5～ 6 2岁 ,平均年龄 35 .5岁。均为重症心脏瓣膜疾病 ,有下列情况之一者为重症心脏瓣膜疾病 :(1)心功能 级 ,心胸比率 (CTR) >0 .85 ,左心室舒张期末径 >70 mm,射血分数(EF) <0 .5 ;(2 )第二次手术 ,有心脏恶病质。在心脏不停跳下行二尖瓣置换术 (MVR) 2 0例 ,MV…     

心脏瓣膜疾病合并巨大左心室的外科治疗

我院心血管外科自2003年8月至2007年2月共收治心脏瓣膜疾病合并巨大左心室患者38例，现总结其治疗经验。     

非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病同期手术治疗的临床分析

目的 总结非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病同期手术患者的临床特征和手术效果,以提高手术疗效. 方法 2000年1月至2007年6月同期手术治疗105例非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者,年龄36～79岁(61.96±7.61岁),其中风湿性心瓣膜疾病59例,退行性二尖瓣病变24例,老年性钙化性主动脉瓣病变13例;其它主动脉瓣病变9例.术前行冠状动脉造影明确诊断98例,术中探查发现冠心病7例.全组均行冠状动脉旁路移植术,共移植血管216支(2.06支/例),同期行二尖瓣置换术36例,二尖瓣成形术15例,主动脉瓣置换术43例,双瓣膜置换术11例. 结果 术后住院死亡6例(5.7%,6/105).死于严重低心排血量3例,肾功能衰竭2例,术后心脏骤停并发多器官功能衰竭1例.术后随访93例,随访时间1个月至7年,失访6例.无晚期死亡患者.心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级53例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅳ级5例.1例患者活动后仍有心绞痛存在. 结论 非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者绝大多数无典型的心绞痛症状,50岁以上的患者必须行冠状动脉造影检查,对有冠心病易患因素者,应积极作冠状动脉造影检查;冠心病所致的心肌缺血可明显加重心脏瓣膜疾病所引起的心肌损害,术中心肌保护尤为重要;正确评价术前左心功能低下的患者是选择手术治疗的难点,更是影响手术效果的关键因素.     

外科射频消融术与经导管消融术治疗瓣膜病性房颤的疗效对比

目的 比较心内直视下射频迷宫术与介入导管消融术治疗合并心脏瓣膜病的心房颤动临床结果.方法 2004年1月到2006年3月因心脏瓣膜病合并心房颤动行瓣膜置换时加射频迷宫术60例,其中男34例,女26例;平均(57±11)岁.瓣膜置换术后在三维电解剖标测系统(CABTO)指导下进行经皮经导管环肺静脉消融治疗66例,其中男40例,女26例;平均(55±10)岁.结果 导管消融组随访(14±10)个月,窦性心律维持率64%.外科射频迷宫组随访(13±9)个月,窦性心律维持率75%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).对于病史小于1年、左房直径<50mm的阵发性房颤,导管消融组亦有较高的窦性心律维持率(分别为90%、82%).两组术后并发症无显著性差异.结论 射频迷宫术对瓣膜病合并心房颤动病人是简单、有效的治疗方法.若未行迷宫术,对于病史小于1年,左房直径小于50mm的阵发性心房颤动,瓣膜置换术后行经皮经导管消融术亦为一种有效的治疗方法.     

Treatment of atrial fibrillation with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation in one stage with valvular surgery

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent chronic arrhythmia, with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk. Poor remission rate with medical treatment and the outstanding efficacy of Cox-maze procedure inspired the less invasive intraoperative radiofrequency ablation therapy in patients undergoing open heart surgery. In June 2003 the first maze procedure in Hungary with the Medtronic Cardioblate surgical ablation system, with mitral and tricuspid valvuloplasty in a patient suffering from mitral and tricuspid insufficiency with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, was performed in our institution. After 8 months the patient is in sinus rhythm and is free of complaints.     

Patient-specific characteristics determine success of surgical atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

Surgical atrial fibrillation ablation (SAFA) has not achieved the efficacy of Cox's original maze procedure, although technical improvements continue to be made. It is possible that biologic factors determine SAFA success. Therefore we examined how patient-specific characteristics affected SAFA success in 353 atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who underwent SAFA at a single institution. Among these, 257 (72.8%) had continuous AF and 96 (27.2%) had intermittent AF. For 297 patients (84.1%) postoperative follow-up was > 3 months. We compared SAFA success in patients whose procedure involved only pulmonary vein isolation with those whose procedure involved extensive lesion sets. Multivariate analysis included AF duration, left atrial size, preoperative atrial flutter, concomitant procedures, lesion sets, and energy source. Early SAFA success was classified as freedom from AF between postoperative months 3 and 6, and intermediate success between postoperative months 6 and 12. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLR) were generated to compare intermediate failure by left atrial size (LAS) thresholds. SAFA was more successful in the intermittent than the continuous AF group (n = 66, 86% vs n = 165, 71%; P = .014). When pulmonary vein isolation was compared only to more extensive lesion sets, there was no difference in success in the intermittent (34, 91% vs 32, 81%; P = .24) or continuous groups (67, 73% vs. 98, 69%; P = .603). Success for intermittent AF patients was not correlated with variables considered; in continuous AF patients, predictors included presence of concomitant mitral valve repair/replacement (P = .075), decreasing LAS (P = .025) and absence of preoperative atrial flutter (P = .001). In the continuous AF group, ROC curves and corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.60 (0.50-0.71) for failure at 6 months to 1 year. SSLR analysis generated 2 strata for LAS: < 8 cm with SSLR = 0.87 (0.74-1.0) and < or = 8 cm SSLR = 2.98 (1.07-8.3). In patients with intermittent AF, SAFA achieved acceptable results regardless of tested preoperative and intraoperative variables. In continuous AF, patient-specific characteristics affected success more than intraoperative variables. Failure was more than 3-fold greater in continuous AF patients with an LAS < or = 8 cm. In both patient types, more extensive lesion sets were not shown to improve outcomes. Future improvements in SAFA may depend on pharmacologic and/or surgical substrate modification.     

Experience with unipolar radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: The cut and sew Cox maze procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF), although effective, is not widely used because of technical complexity, prolonged duration and significant risk of postoperative bleeding. This study reviews our experience with the unipolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure, which was used to create a modified maze to treat AF. METHODS: A retrospective review of 31 patients undergoing consecutive cardiac surgery who had concomitant RFA for AF over a 16-month period was carried out. A Cobra unipolar RFA probe (EPT; Boston Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA) was used to create a standard set of lesions. RESULTS: There were 20 men and 11 women (mean age, 66 +/- 9 years; range, 48-87 years). AF was continuous in 21 patients and intermittent in 10. The median duration of AF leading up to surgery was 48 months (range, 6 months-20 years). Left atrium was enlarged in 81% of the patients. Operations included mitral valve repair (7 patients), replacement (5), coronary artery bypass (10), aortic valve replacement (1) and combined procedures (8). There were no complications directly attributable to RFA. There were three early deaths. One patient required a permanent pacemaker. Median follow up was 22 months (range, 12-30 months). One patient died 2 years after the operation from a stroke. Cardioversion was attempted in five patients within 3 months of operation and was successful in four. At 2 years following the procedure, the probability of the patient remaining in sinus rhythm was 0.71 +/- 0.15. CONCLUSION: Surgical RFA can be carried out as a useful adjunct to conventional cardiac surgery. Although the results were satisfactory in this series, further studies are needed to refine the indication of the procedure and to assess its longer-term efficacy.     

导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动两种术式疗效对比

目的比较节段性肺静脉电隔离术（SPVI）和环肺静脉前庭电隔离术（CPVA）对阵发性心房颤动射频消融治疗的临床疗效。方法选取68例行导管射频消融治疗的阵发性心房颤动患者,根据所采用的术式分为SPVI组（30例）和CPVA组（38例）,比较两组手术时间、X线暴露时间及复发率。结果CPVA组手术时间为（171．0±25．8）min,SPVI组为（168．2±21．7）min,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P：0．579）。CPVA组x线暴露时间为（38．5±8．4）min,SPVI组为（45．8±16．1）min,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．019）。所有病例平均随访（17．1±7．8）个月,CPVA组复发率为5．3％,SPVI组为233％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．029）。两组均未发生严重并发症。结论导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动,CPVA比SPVI具有更少的X线暴露时间和更低的复发率,且不增加手术时间和手术风险。     

心房颤动患者导管消融术后肢体制动与卧床时间研究

目的探讨心房颤动导管消融术后肢体制动与卧床时间对并发症、舒适程度的影响。方法将160例经房间隔穿刺行房颤消融术的患者按照时间顺序分为对照组(42例)、观察1组(60例)、观察2组(58例)。对照组采用沙袋压迫穿刺部位6h,8h后可床旁活动;观察1组术后沙袋压迫穿刺部位2h,4h后床旁活动;观察2组术后沙袋压迫穿刺部位2h,6h后床旁活动。结果三组出血、血肿发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中观察1组出血、血肿发生率高于对照组和观察2组;回室后4h、6h、8h三组疼痛评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01),其中对照组疼痛分值最高,其次是观察2组,观察1组最低;三组尿潴留发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论沙袋压迫2h,6h后下床活动没有增加房颤消融术患者出血、血肿、假性动脉瘤,动静脉瘘等并发症发生率,患者腰背部疼痛相对较轻。