高校大学生婚育观念及生殖健康服务需求——基于北京29所高校的抽样调查

目的:了解北京高校大学生婚育观念及生殖健康服务需求。方法:对北京市80所高校中的29所高校的1523名在校本科生进行了问卷调查。结果:①73.9%和32.3%的大学生知道在校期间可以结婚和生育;19.8%和8.4%的大学生赞同在校期间结婚和生育;44%和69.8%的大学生认为在校期间结婚和生育弊大于利;88.1%和94%的人认为不会在校期间结婚和生育;大多数人表示对于结婚和生育同学的态度不会发生改变;认为理想的结婚和生育年龄为26～29岁;②53.3%大学生的生殖健康知识来源于网络,而从学校教育中得到的知识仅占12.6%;当他们遇到生殖健康问题时,也多求助于网络(37.6%);87.2%的调查对象不清楚高校存在计划生育部门;③当意外怀孕后,有53.9%的人选择人工流产;选择人工流产的调查对象中有8.8%的大学生会选择去非正规医院,主要原因怕遇到熟人;有16.6%的大学生曾经有过意外怀孕。④65%的学生希望提供定期的健康检查;希望通过观看录像和教师讲授相结合的方式学习生殖健康知识;认为避孕药具最好的放置地点在宿舍楼道内。结论:虽然绝大多数学生表示不会在大学期间结婚生育,但是面对结婚生育的放开,面对大学生有关生殖健康知识的缺乏,我们应该树立总体应对的态度,加强生殖健康/计划生育知识的宣传教育,将学生纳入高校计生部门的服务范围,进行分类管理,为高校学生提供人性化的更好的服务。     

Acne: prevalence, perceptions and effects on psychological health among adolescents in Aydin, Turkey

Background Acne vulgaris is a common disease among adolescents and known to have adverse effects on psychological status. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 600 participants by means of a questionnaire designed for this study in high school students. In addition, an objective evaluation of acne in participants was undertaken. The questionnaire consisted of questions about acne, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES). Results Five hundred and sixty‐three questionnaires out of 600 were answered and 550 adolescents who gave permission for examination were evaluated. The study population consisted of 303 girls and 260 boys between the ages 13 and 19, and the mean age was 15.24 ± 1.05 years. Acne prevalence was 63.6% with 29.2% non‐inflammatory and 34.4% inflammatory acne. It was more prevalent and severe in boys than in girls. Not the objective but the subjective severity of acne and opinion that one could benefit from acne treatment was found to be related to anxiety, depression and self‐esteem. Factors implicated among causes of acne were food, bad skin hygiene and hormones in decreasing frequency. Forty‐eight per cent of adolescents expect a maximum duration of 4 weeks for treatment. Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of acne, there is still much deficiency of knowledge and wrong beliefs about acne. This indicates that there is an urgent need for education about etiopathogenesis, potential complications and importance of effective treatment for acne. Effective treatment may make significant contributions for the mental health of adolescent and as well as adult populations.     

云南省文山州消除麻风运动的实施效果评价

目的：评价麻风较高流行区消除麻风运动的实施效果。方法：在文山州卫生局领导下,州皮防所与所辖8县皮防站共同参与,通过宣传发动群众,培训乡村医牛,高危人群检查,群众相互报病,村医发现,专业医生确诊等措施,从而达到早发现病人的目的。结果：5县7乡在各乡10灭的“行动”中,共发现新病人116名,是7乡前5年年均发现24．4人的4．8倍。各早发现指标也有明显改进。结论：把麻防工作落实到基层防保网,可促进麻风知识的普及和社区参与,并可产生明显的防治效果。     

Translation,cross-cultural adaptation,and validation of the Swedish version of the female genital self-image scale

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to translate and culturally adapt the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS-7) into a valid and reliable Swedish version, and to test the instrument.MethodsThe instrument was translated into Swedish in a three-stage process of translation, back-translation and synthesis. The face validity of the pre-final translation was tested in a cognitive debriefing with a test group of eight women, while construct validity was tested in a group of six subject matter experts. Internal consistency, data completeness, score distributions, and floor and ceiling effects were measured using an online survey with a cross-sectional design.ResultsThe Swedish version of the instrument (SWE-FGSIS-7) was perceived as a comprehensible, understandable and user-friendly instrument by the test group and the experts. The online survey included 147 responders with 100 % data completeness and no floor or ceiling effects. The internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient 0.82). The total mean score was 22.44 (SD = 3.98).ConclusionSWE-FGSIS-7 is a user-friendly, understandable, valid and reliable instrument for estimating genital self-image, which can be used to initiate a dialogue that may contribute to increased knowledge about women’s own bodies and strengthen their reproductive and sexual health.     

贵州省黔西南州麻风知晓情况及信息来源调查分析

目的：了解贵州省黔西南州不同人群麻风知晓率及获得防治知识的途径。方法：在8个县采用分层随机抽样方法,使用统一的《麻风病防治核心知识知晓率调查问卷》进行入户调查。结果：本次共调查15145人,其中农村居民7996人、学生6044人,麻风病患者的密切接触者1105人。答对5题以上9993人,总知晓率为65.98%,其中密切接触者、学生及农村居民知晓率分别为75.93%,67.64%和63.36%。获得核心知识的途径主要为通过麻风防治宣传活动（47.08%）,宣传资料（45.46%）,电视宣传（30.66%）等。结论：密切接触者知晓率较高。本地区获得防治知识途径主要为麻风防治宣传活动和宣传资料。     

Pilot study of store and forward teledermatology services in Perth, Western Australia

In remote areas, telemedicine services can improve the quality of access to specialist medical care and dermatology is well suited to the use of this technology. There is no published work on teledermatology services in Australia. Our purpose was to investigate the reliability of dermatological diagnoses obtained using a store and forward telemedicine system, which is being developed to offer specialist consultative services to patients in remote areas of Western Australia. We report on a small prospective non-randomized pilot study conducted at Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia which compared diagnoses reached following telemedicine consultations with diagnoses reached following traditional face-to-face consultations. In 25 out of 50 consultations, identical diagnoses were reached. In the remaining five cases, the preferred diagnosis and first differential diagnosis were reversed in order of preference. We feel this system is sufficiently promising to trial more extensively in the field.     

社区卫生服务中心(站)医务人员HIV职业暴露认知调查研究报告

目的:了解社区卫生服务机构医务人员对艾滋病职业暴露预防方面的知识掌握情况,为医务人员开展预防HIV职业暴露感染提供科学依据。方法:以不记名问卷调查方式,对重庆市南岸区社区卫生服务中心(站)的983名医务人员进行HIV职业暴露认知调查分析。结果:问卷正确率:最低20.69%,最高100.00%,平均66.19%;男67.32%,女65.55%;医药卫技人员66.66%,行政后勤人员63.95%;社区卫生服务中心66.64%,社区卫生服务站64.69%;参加过HIV职业培训学习者67.44%,没有参加过HIV职业培训学习者65.69%;≤20岁63.30%,21岁～者65.67%,31岁～者66.62%,41岁～者67.19%,51岁～者67.15%。艾滋病基本知识65.42%,HIV职业暴露的危险22.34%,HIV职业暴露预防68.53%,HIV职业暴露后处理58.84%。不同分类问卷正确率之间差异均有统计学意义(P(0.05),存在显著性差异。结论:社区医务人员HIV职业暴露防范知识并不理想,必须进一步加强培训学习,以便有效的预防HIV职业暴露感染。     

Educational interventions to promote sun-protection behaviors in adolescents in the United States: A systematic review

The most prevalent modifiable risk factor for skin cancer is cumulative lifetime exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, supporting the development of interventions promoting the early adoption of sun-protection behaviors. This systematic review summarizes behavioral interventions designed to promote sun-protection behaviors and reduce harmful UV exposure among U.S. adolescents. Ten studies describing 15 intervention arms were ultimately included in this review and comprised seven cross-sectional studies, a cohort study, a quasi-experimental study, and a randomized controlled trial. Most interventions included in this review were effective in increasing awareness of skin cancer and knowledge of the risk factors for skin cancer, but knowledge did not correlate with self-reported frequency of sun-protection behaviors in this population.