Array-CGH characterization of a prenatally detected de novo 46,X,der(Y)t(X;Y)(p22.3;q11.2) in a male fetus

We report on an apparently normal 5-month-old boy with a X;Y complex rearrangement identified first on prenatal diagnosis and found on array-CGH to have a 7.6?Mb duplication of Xp22.3 chromosome and a deletion of Yq chromosome, distal to the AZFa locus. Karyotype analysis on amniotic fluid cell cultures revealed a de novo homogenous chromosome marker that we interpreted as an isochromosome Yp. FISH analysis using SRY probe revealed only one signal on the derivative Y chromosome. The final karyotype was interpreted as 46,X,der(Y)t(X;Y)(p22.31;q11.22). Translocation Xp22;Yq11 in male are very rare event and only 4 cases have been published, all showing mental retardation and malformations. Herein we discussed some possible explanation for this apparent phenotypic variability.     

染色体46,XX,t(1;4)(q42;q35)平衡易位一例

目的报道染色体平衡易位家系1例。方法检查父母及女儿染色体,采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法,G显带。结果父亲染色体核型为46,XY。母亲染色体核型为46,XX,t(1;4)(q42;q35)。女儿染色体核型为46,XX,der(1)t(1;4)(q42;q35),der(4)t(1;4)(q42;q35)。结论母亲染色体发生t(1;4)(q42;q35)平衡易位并遗传给下一代。     

46,X,t(Y;9)(p11;q12)一例

患者男,30岁,结婚6年,性生活正常,未采取任何避孕措施,至今未孕。双乳房呈正常男性型,外生殖器未见明显异常。一般情况好,外观、表型正常,无面部或肢体的明显不对称,第二性征及外生殖器发育正常。辅助检查:(1)超声检查:右侧睾丸大小39mm×22mm×30mm,体积14.2mL,左侧睾丸39.7mm×29.3mm×19.9mm,体积12.1mL,双侧睾丸大小形态正常,左侧精索静脉轻度曲张。(2)精液分析:精液总量为4.0mL,pH7.5,液化时间30min,精子密度:106/mL,活动率22.43%,其中a级为2.8%、b级为5.61%、c级14.02%、d级77.57%,畸形率为78%。(3)细胞遗传学分析:染色体检查核型为…     

Prenatal diagnosis of inv(X)(q12q28) in a male fetus.

Amniocentesis and prenatal chromosome analysis were performed for advanced maternal age. The fetus was male with a paracentric inversion in the long arm of the X chromosome. The mother and a brother also carried the inversion. The pregnancy continued to term and the infant is developing normally at one year of age.     

Unbalanced translocation 46,XY,-15,+der(22)t(15;22)(q13;q11)pat: case report and review of the literature.

We present a boy with a rare unbalanced translocation 46,XY,-15,+der(22),t(15;22)(q13;q11) pat. Previous reports of similar chromosome findings mention only the Prader-Willi phenotype. At birth, his manifestations included severe hypotonia and lethargy, (typical of deletion of 15pter----q13); hypertelorism, down-slanting small palpebral fissures, preauricular tags, long philtrum (typical of duplication of 22pter----q11); severe laryngotracheomalacia, and proximal implantation of the thumb. In a review of the literature on chromosome abnormalities involving duplication of 22q11 the associated clinical phenotype consists of mild mental retardation, microcephaly, hypotonia, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, a long philtrum, cleft or highly arched palate, and ear abnormalities. Preauricular pits or tags are common. Cardiovascular defects, renal and genital problems and dislocated hips are frequently present. Anal atresia and colobomata are mainly seen in cat-eye syndrome, the phenotype associated with idic 22q11. Our findings indicate that patients with unbalanced t(15;22) can have manifestations of the dup 22q11, in addition to the previously reported Prader-Willi phenotype, even if the duplicated segment is small.     

染色体46,XY,t(18;21)(q11;q22)平衡易位携带者一例

目的报道染色体46,XY,t(18;21)(q11;q22)平衡易位携带者1例。方法采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法,G显带。结果染色体核型分析为46,XY,t(18;21)(q11;q22)。结论平衡易位是导致不良孕产的重要原因,也是导致男性不育的常见原因。如查出平衡易位携带者,给予他们正确的优生指导及产前诊断,对降低出生缺陷的发病率有重要的作用。     

46,XY,t(4;12)(q21;q11)mat胎儿一例

患者女,36岁.结婚11年,怀孕2次,均于孕60天左右自然流产.患者智力、表型正常,夫妇双方非近亲婚配,孕期未接触有害物质.现再次妊娠,孕初期有少量淡血性分泌物,保胎治疗1周好转,因孕妇高龄、反复流产、产前筛查21三体高风险,要求羊水穿刺检查胎儿染色体.     

46，XX，t（4；9）（q31；p24）与46，XY，-9，＋der（9）（P＋）各一例

患者 女，26岁，已婚5年，因生育一异常染色体病男婴要求做染色体检查而就诊。患者系第4胎，足月顺产，出生时体重约3．5kg，身长约42cm，各器官无明显异常。查体：身高155cm，体重50kg，眼距不宽，鼻较小，鼻梁扁平，后发际不低，智力正常：患者月经初潮13岁，经期4～5天，经量及周期基本正常．患者祖父母和父母非近亲结婚，体健，表型正常，父亲抽烟，量中等，无其他不良嗜好，其母亲于孕期间无发热及感染史，未曾服用任何药物，无自然流产等异常妊娠史，有长期接触农药史。患者有一姐和一哥，均结婚，正常生育。     

Phenotypic manifestation in a child with 46,X,der(X)t(X;1)(q24;q31.1)

We report on a 5-year-old girl with multiple congenital anomalies, developmental delay, and a de novo unbalanced translocation between chromosomes X and 1[46,X,der(X)-t(X;1)(q24;q31.1)] resulting in partial trisomy 1q and partial monosomy Xq. The karyotype shows inactivation of the abnormal X chromosome. The translocated portion of 1q remains active in the tissues studied. This is the third case report with partial trisomy 1q and partial monosomy Xq. However, it is the first with specific breakpoints at 1q31.1 and Xq24.     

47, XY, +der(Y),t(X;Y)(p21.1;p11.2): a unique case of XY sex reversal

Translocations involving the short arms of the X and Y chromosomes are rare and can result in a functional disomy of the short arm of the X chromosome, including the dosage-sensitive sex reversal (DSS) locus. A result of such imbalance may be sex reversal with multiple congenital anomalies. We present the clinical and cytogenetic evaluation of a newborn infant with DSS and additional clinical findings of minor facial anomalies, left abdominal mass, 5th finger clinodactyly, and mild hypotonia. The external genitalia appeared to be normal female. The infant had bilateral corneal opacities and findings suggestive of anterior segment dysgenesis. Ultrasonography showed a small uterus with undetectable ovaries, and a left multicystic dysplastic kidney. High-resolution chromosome analysis identified the presence of a derivative Y chromosome, 47,XY, +der(Y)t(X;Y)(p21.1;p11.2), which was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. Array CGH showed a 35.1 Mb copy number gain of chromosome region Xp22.33-p21.1 and a 52.2 Mb copy number gain of Yp11.2-qter, in addition to the intact X and Y chromosomes. Previously reported patients with XY sex reversal have not had DSS with corneal opacities, dysgenesis of the anterior segment of the eye, and unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. These findings represent a new form of XY sex reversal due to an Xp duplication.     

Trisomy 18q: 46, XX,13q+,t(13;18)(q32;q11) in a newborn associated with multiple congenital anomalies due to paternal reciprocal translocation, 46, XY,-13,+der(13)/t(13;18)(q32;q11)

A 20-day-old female neonate presented with multiple congenital anomalies, convulsions and failure to thrive. Karyotype analysis of the proposita revealed an unbalanced translocation, 46, XX,13q+,t(13;18)(q32;qll)pat resulting in partial trisomy 18q. Her father and a 5-year-old sister were phenotypically normal, balanced translocation carriers, 46, XY, -13, + der(13),t(13;18)(q32;qll) and 46, XX,-13,+der(13),t(13;18)(q32;qll), respectively. The case presented here is the second liveborn reported with trisomy 18q and is of interest from the point of view of the structural chromosomal aberration resulting in the manifestations of most features of trisomy 18 and some of 13q monosomy. The infant died due to convulsions at the age of 2 months.     

一例母源性46,Y,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11)染色体非平衡易位患儿的遗传学分析

目的对1例临床表征为身材矮小、鼻根部内陷、双侧隐睾、智力低下患儿进行遗传学分析,探讨该染色体结构异常与临床表征之间的关系。方法应用G显带染色体核型分析及染色体微阵列分析(chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA)技术对患儿进行遗传学检测,并对其父母进行外周血染色体核型分析。结果G显带分析结果显示患儿染色体核型为46,Y,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11),mat。CMA检测结果提示患儿X染色体短臂Xp22.33p22.31存在约8.3 Mb片段缺失,Y染色体长臂Yq11.221qter存在约43.3 Mb片段重复。其父亲染色体核型正常,母亲染色体核型结果为46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11)。结论患儿携带母源性der(X)t(X;Y)(p22;q11)染色体非平衡易位,携带者的表型与其性别以及X染色体缺失片段的大小和位置密切相关。男性携带者智力障碍、生长发育落后等异常表型较女性更为严重。     

Combined trisomy 9 and Ullrich-Turner syndrome in a girl with a 46,X,der(9)t(X;9)(q12;q32) karyotype

Total trisomy 9 is a rare disorder with most patients dying before age 4 months. Herein, we report a 9-year-old girl with mental retardation, short stature, a peculiar face and other minor defects, who was diagnosed as having an unbalanced de novo X-autosome translocation with a 46,X,der(9)t(X;9) (q12;q32) karyotype resulting in almost a full trisomy 9(pter→q32) and a partial monosomy X(q12→pter). The clinical findings of our patient, almost exclusively resemble those of trisomy 9p and the Ullrich-Turner syndromes and has few manifestations of 9q trisomy. BrdU replication studies by Giemsa staining showed an earlier replication of 9p in the translocated chromosome, but a marked late-replication pattern for almost the complete 9q arm involved in the translocation. FISH studies confirmed the presence of three 9 centromeres, excluded the presence of the X centromere signal in the rearranged chromosome, and showed that both Xq telomeric sequences were present. BrdU replication studies by FISH showed an usual pattern of striking late-replication around the XIC of the derivative chromosome, but early replication of the chromosome 9p segment and distal Xq. Am. J. Med. Genet. 80:199–203, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Sperm chromosome analysis in a man heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation 46,XY t(12;20)(q24.3;q11)

Sperm chromosome complements were studied in a man who carried a reciprocal translocation t(12;20)(q24.3;q11). A total of 113 spermatozoa were karyotyped after in-vitro penetration of hamster eggs. 2:2 and 3:1 meiotic segregations were observed with the following frequencies: alternate 47%, adjacent 1 42%, adjacent 2 10%, 3:1 2%. For alternate segregations, the number of normal spermatozoa (25) was not significantly different from the number of spermatozoa carrying a balanced form of the translocation (28), as theoretically expected. The proportion of spermatozoa with an unbalanced form of the translocation was 53%. There was no evidence for an interchromosomal effect since the frequencies of numerical and structural abnormalities (unrelated to the translocation) were within the normal range of control donors.     

Two new chromosomal abnormalities in chronic myelogenous leukemia 46,XY,t(9;15;22)(q34;q22;q11) and 46,XY,t(6;9;12;22)(p21;q34;q24;q11)

Two new variant cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are presented. The first case is a 19-year-old male with a 46,XY,t(9;15;22)(q34;q22;q11) karyotype. The second case is a 75-year-old man with a 46,XY,t(6;9;12;22)(p21;q34;q24;q11) karyotype. In both cases, the prognosis was no different from those cases of CML with the standard t(9;22) as the only abnormality. We recommend that all unusual translocations be reported.     

Giant-cell tumor of bone,stage II,displaying translocation t(12;19)(q13;q13)

Summary A new case of giant-cell tumour (GCT) of bone with benign histological features, clinical stage II, has been reviewed with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. After short-term tissue culture the karyotype, using G-banding techniques, presented a consistent translocation t(12;19)(q13;q13). Nude mice xenografts of the tumour were unsuccessful after 6 months of follow-up. Presence of such chromosomal rearrangement may be related to locally aggressive, histologically benign giant-cell tumors of bone.Supported by Grant N. 88/0146 of the FIS, Madrid     

A 47,X,+t(X;X)(p22.3;p22.3)del(X)(p11.23q11.2),Y Klinefelter Variant with Morbid Obesity

Klinefelter syndrome is the most common type of genetic cause of hypogonadism. This syndrome is characterized by the presence of 1 or more extra X chromosomes. Phenotype manifestations of this syndrome are small testes, fibrosis of the seminiferous tubules, inability to produce sperm, gynecomastia, tall stature, decrease of serum testosterone and increases of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. Most patients with Klinefelter syndrome are tall, with slender body compositions, and reports of obesity are rare. We report the case of a 35-yr-old man with hypogonadism and morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus. He had gynecomastia, small testes and penis, very sparse body hair and his body mass index was 44.85. He did not report experiencing broken voice and was able to have erections. We conducted a chromosome study. His genotype was 47,X,+t(X;X)(p22.3;p22.3)del(X)(p11.23q11.2). In this case, the patient was diagnosed as Klinefelter syndrome. He showed rare phenotypes like morbid obesity and average height and the phenotype may be caused by the karyotype and the excess number of X chromosome. Further studies of the relationship between chromosomes and phenotype are warranted.